论文中标点符号的用法职称怎么填
论文中标点符号的用法职称怎么填
职称论文在很多人对职称的评价中起着关键作用,但对于第一次进行职称论文写作的人来说,关于职称论文的有很多东西是缺乏了解的,比如职称论文格式有哪些要求?今天小编就来给大家说说职称论文格式的要求,希望能够帮助到那些正在进行职称论文写作的人。 1、职称论文的标题不应该太长。一般20字以内比较合适。论文应注明作者的相关信息,如作者姓名、单位、省市等。 2、职称论文的摘要一般涉及三个部分,即要解决的问题、过程、方法和结论;要尽量简洁明了,字数控制在200字左右。一般要求有英文摘要,中文摘要可以直接翻译。 3、职称论文还应包含参考文献,但不建议引用未发表的材料;列出的参考文献一般在15篇以内。具体格式设置示例:【序号】主要负责人。文件标题[C]。出版地点:出版人、出版年份。开始和结束页码(可选)。(会议记录[C]-收藏)。不同类型的引用格式是不同的,这一点需要注意。 4、字数要根据出版的刊物来确定。如果发表在核心期刊上,职称论文的字数是6000到8000字。如果发表在国家期刊上,职称论文的字数在4000到5000字之间。 5、内容方面,职称论文应包含标题、副标题、摘要、关键词、正文、参考文献、作者简介、英文标题、英文关键词等。
别诸如此类了,就问了两个: 最后一个字到一行的最后一格,句号写在格的外面;(出版印刷时自动会考虑,字间距放宽使末尾字落到下行) 这标点标在引号里外都有 (1)只引一句话,标在外面; (1)引多句话,一般前头冒号跟引号,标在里面 老师和编辑特殊要求例外(特别出版界这方面要求规定有一套,需要时要熟悉的)
关键信息 写全内筒:摘要,关键词,前言,结论作者信息:单位(全称),单位地址(精确到市),单位邮编剩下的 基本没有问题(如果你问的是写作的格式,每个单位都有不同的要求,应该去向单位要格式,通常来说5倍行距,正文宋体小四就行)(如果是需要发表的职称论文格式,就不用担心了,编辑会给排版)如果有需要发表可以,m我
如果一行的最后一格正好是此句最后一个字,句号写格的里面(挤在一起)写说话时,引号里的话结束后,标点是标在引号里但如果是引用别人的话,就是引号里的内容插到句子中间,内容又刚好在句末时,标点在引号外面
论文中标点符号的用法职称怎么填啊
这里是有很规范的标点知识。Joy高斋翻译CATTI和MTI分享:希望对你有用。必备|标点符号如何翻译?(附使用规则)比如2016年11月英语三级笔译实务试题原文:Harper Lee was an ordinary woman as stunned as anybody by the extraordinary success of “To Kill a M”书名号里面的双引号。“To Kill a Mockingbird”,英文中的书名通常是斜体或加引号表示或者大写就可以,因为斜体有时候看着不整齐,译文中文需要加上书名号,书名第一次出现,需要括号加注原英文名(人名也这样处理)。还比如14年11月CATTI二级笔译英译汉真题原文:WATERLOO, Belgium --- The region around this Belgian city is busily preparing to commemorate the 200th anniversary in 2015 of one of the major battles in European military 里面的逗号和破折号。WATERLOO, Belgium比利时滑铁卢:这里考察英语地名从小到大,而且加个逗号,汉语里面是从大到小,不加逗号,比如Shanghai, China翻译为中国上海。这是CATTI英译汉高频翻译细节,可是我今天看了大家提交的译文,基本都这样写的:WATERLOO, Belgium --- The region 比利时滑铁卢——:破折号的用法和翻译,这是CATTI英译汉高频翻译细节,经常用在文章或报道的开头,引出事件发生的背景(地点)。翻译的时候保持破折号即可。:Colon(冒号)1.引出表示列举、解释或说明性的词语,翻译的时候保持:The string section consists of four instruments: violin, viola cello, and /His grades are a follows: English, an A; H a B: Science, a D: and Math, a C2.引出对前文进行补充、总结或强调的词语,翻译的时候保持:Judges have a double duty;They must protect the innocent and punish the guilty/ He has only one pleasure: 3.引出较长的正式引语或大段引语,翻译的时候是:或者,In his most famous speech he said: All men are created equal and must enjoy equally the rights that are inalienably 4.用于信件或演说词中的称呼语之后(英国用法中多用逗号),翻译的时候保持:Dear Sir: /Dear Professor Jones: /Ladies and Gentlemen:5.用于公函、政府文件或商业函件的标题或标目之后,翻译的时候保持:TO /SUBJECT: /REFERENCE: /VIA:6.用于时与分之间(英国法中多用句号)、比率数之间、《圣经》的章与节之间,翻译的时候保持:The train is to leave at 8: /Common nouns outnumber proper nouns in proportion /You will find it in Genesis 2: 4-7.分隔书名的标题与副标题,翻译的时候保持:或者破折号NOStromo: A Tale of the Seaboard, Comma(逗号)1.分隔并列成分We are tired, hungry and /Washington was said to be first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his /We were taught how to sit gracefully, how to how to converse 2.分隔并列句中的分句It snowed all night, and the schools were closed the next / We must leave now, or we will miss the / I tried to sleep, but my neighbour's dog made that /It is an imperfect system,yet it is better than 3.分隔对比或对照成分He is sick, not /The more haste, the less 4.分隔非限定性修饰语、同位语或附加说明的词语He found the Paper on the roof, where the newsboy had thrown The the who had cared through the window, went straight to the /They want us, you and me, to go /I have to get up early, particularly on S5.分隔附加疑问句或选择疑问句Tom didn't take it, did he? / Which pencil do you the red one or the blue one?6.分隔直接引语和导语Only a "Sherman said, " would carry on like 7.表示省略相同词语Some went to the right; others, to the 分隔句首状语Usually, he is dressed in blue / Except for physics, my courses are not /When he found that his parents had deserted him, he sat down to 9,常用以分隔用作独立成分、状语等的下列词语Honestly, that's all the money I /Personally, I prefer the other /Unfortunately, they were out when I /To tell you the truth, I was very frightened1) actually, basically, briefly fortunately,frankly, honestly, hopefully, incidentally,luckily, naturally, personally, unfortunately, to tell the truth2) anyhow, anyway, besides, consequent,furthermore, however, likewise, moreover, nevertheless, otherwise, therefore;3)first(ly), second(ly ), last(ly), finally,first of after all, above all, in other words, for example, for instance, that is,namely, , 4)in short, in fact, in conclusion, in a few words, as a result, as a matter of fact, on the contrary, on the other hand;5) of course, by the way, sure enough, between you and me, believe it or not;6)I think, I believe, I suppose, you know,you see, In my opinion;7)yes, no, well, ohAnyhow, even if the problem does arise, it wont affect /I don’t want to go; besides, I’m too /This is, however, another side to this This is our most disastrous and embarrassing defeat eve: in short, a /I don’t like him, in fact,I hate /On the contrary, it hardly ever It's strange, you know, that he hasn’t passed the /In my opinion, he is Yes, times have /Well, not much can be done about it /Oh, David, come here a moment! /Oh no, not again!10.分隔日期、数字、地点Firstly, let me deal with the most important /The cinema is only open to adults, ,people over June 12, 1991/It was on Friday, May 16, in Los A /The price of this sedan car is $12,/He lives at 1515 Halsted SChicago, I11.分隔人名与职称、头衔或倒置姓名I asked my boss for a month's holiday and, believe it or not, he agreed! /By the way, have you seen Tom recently?12.分隔呼语R W Leeds, M D /George Washington, President/Smith, John W, JI would like to ask you, M Jones, for your /Will you see if the door is closed, Janet? /Sir,I'd like to ask a 13.用于信件的称呼语之后(美国用法中多用冒号)或结束语之后Dear Mary, /Sincerely yours, /Yours truly,“ ”Quotation Mark(引号)1.用于直接引语注意下列句子中其他标点符号与引号的相对位置:1)逗号、句号位于引号内(这是美国用法,英国用法多置于引号外)2)不属于引语的问号、感叹号或破折号位于引号之外3)在引语内再用引语时,可用单引号(这是美国用法,在英国用法中,单引号在外,双引号在内)4)引语不止一段时,引号位于各段起始处和最后一段结尾处Michael said, "Let's meet at my house next "/"No, you cant, "she "It's January 1, 1863, Lincoln declared the slaves "forever "/The word"bread, for example, has both standard and slang Why did she say "That is a very selfish attitude"?The witness said, "I distinctly heard him say, Don’t be late, and then heard the door " /The witness said, I distinctly heard him say, Don’t be and then heard the door ’Frequently used signs and symbols are in the back of this Many are found on Symbols include the chemical The chemical elements are also grouped together in the back of this "2.用于引述文章、文艺作品、歌曲、广播及电视节目、绘画等Have you read the article"Shanghai Shows Its Colors"in the January Time? /"Ode to a Nightingale " was written by K /American national anthem is"The Star-spangled B " /YOAS Amencan Mosaic”/ Da Vinci’s“ Mona Lisa "3.用于引述俚语、反语、借用语、定义、词形等Her brother"socked her in the eye and" beaned "her with a /Bob's skiing"vacation"consisted of three weeks with his leg in a / The basic meaning of dumb in both British and American English is“ unable to speak.”/ How do you spell the word" eclectic”?;Semicolon(分号)一般说来,分号的作用介于句号与逗号之间,即用分号隔开的两部分之间的关系,比用句号分开的紧密,但不及用逗号分开的紧密。1.用于并列分句之间People make history: unusual people make history /Your car is new; mine is six years /I came, I saw I /it's too late to go for a walk now; besides, it's beginning to /We finally found the gate; however, it had been 2.分隔已有逗号的并列成分,以避免歧义Follow this procedure: first, get your application forms; next, fill them out; last, pay the The sun, a bright yellow ball, shone; the children, happy as always, 3.用于由 for example, for instance, namely,that is( to say), in fact,i.e.,e.g等词语引出的分句之前Many of their talents complemented each other; for example, he played the piano and she /Tom is well-liked: in he is the most popular person in the /He chose to invest in major industries: e, steel, automobiles, and — Dash(破折号)用在一个解释性的分句或句子前面:It's an environmental — That's not a small 这是个环境保护的问题,这不是一件小事。用在一个解释性的插入语的前面和后面(相当于一个括号):During my vacation—I must have been insane—I decided I would 假期中,我准是疯了,我决定去滑雪。用在一个引用的句子前面(代替一个冒号,或与分号一起用):Uncle Wang laughingly answered—"No, no; stay where you "大叔笑着回答道“不用了,不用了,你就呆到那。”表示意思的突然转折:"And may I ask—"said Xiao Wu;" but I guess it's better for you to ask him about "“我可以问——”小吴说;“不过我想还是你问他的好。”表示迟疑犹豫:"I—I—I rather think —maybe—Amy has taken "“我——我——我想——或许——是艾米拿了。”总括前面列举的若干东西:News house, larger schools, more sheep, more pigs and chickens, more horses and donkeys—everywhere here shows signs of 新房子,扩建的学校,更多的羊、猪、鸡,更多的马和驴,这里的一切显示出一片繁荣景象。Italicization斜体字的使用1.书籍、报刊、文章、诗歌、乐曲、电影、绘画等的名称Dickens' Oliver Twist /The English-Chinese Dictionary/Readers Digest /The New York TimesMilton's Paradise Lost/Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro/ The Sound of Music /Van Gogh’s StarryNight2.交通工具、航天器等专名Air Force One/Apollo/Challenger3.作为例示的词、字母或数字The word receive is often /The b in comb is silent4,表示强调的词语She never expected such a /woman's place was in the home; it certainly isn’t 5.表示未归化的外来词语In aeternum[L]/ fille[F]6.动物学和植物学中表示属、种、亚种及变种的拉丁语新学名The horse (Equus caballus )has affected the course of history more than any other /The mistletoe (Phoradendron flavescens )is the state flower of O7.法庭案例名称中的原被告姓名Madison Kingley/the Jones case8.剧本中的舞台提示ROBERT: Ah yes, of Sit down, sit down, please, M R [She sits as if this made matters rather ]PHILIP: (Standing guard by her )My wife is a little 取自陆谷孙英译汉大词典
写最后一个格的外面!引号的话结束后,有两种情况:第一,引用别人的是一个完整的句子,就将标点标在引号的里面;第二,引用的只是一个词,或在引用句子后仍然有部分话语要说,则将标点标在外面。另外,一般论文当中不会掺杂个人过多的情感,所以论文中不用感叹号!
论文中标点符号的用法职称怎么填写
这里是有很规范的标点知识。Joy高斋翻译CATTI和MTI分享:希望对你有用。必备|标点符号如何翻译?(附使用规则)比如2016年11月英语三级笔译实务试题原文:Harper Lee was an ordinary woman as stunned as anybody by the extraordinary success of “To Kill a M”书名号里面的双引号。“To Kill a Mockingbird”,英文中的书名通常是斜体或加引号表示或者大写就可以,因为斜体有时候看着不整齐,译文中文需要加上书名号,书名第一次出现,需要括号加注原英文名(人名也这样处理)。还比如14年11月CATTI二级笔译英译汉真题原文:WATERLOO, Belgium --- The region around this Belgian city is busily preparing to commemorate the 200th anniversary in 2015 of one of the major battles in European military 里面的逗号和破折号。WATERLOO, Belgium比利时滑铁卢:这里考察英语地名从小到大,而且加个逗号,汉语里面是从大到小,不加逗号,比如Shanghai, China翻译为中国上海。这是CATTI英译汉高频翻译细节,可是我今天看了大家提交的译文,基本都这样写的:WATERLOO, Belgium --- The region 比利时滑铁卢——:破折号的用法和翻译,这是CATTI英译汉高频翻译细节,经常用在文章或报道的开头,引出事件发生的背景(地点)。翻译的时候保持破折号即可。:Colon(冒号)1.引出表示列举、解释或说明性的词语,翻译的时候保持:The string section consists of four instruments: violin, viola cello, and /His grades are a follows: English, an A; H a B: Science, a D: and Math, a C2.引出对前文进行补充、总结或强调的词语,翻译的时候保持:Judges have a double duty;They must protect the innocent and punish the guilty/ He has only one pleasure: 3.引出较长的正式引语或大段引语,翻译的时候是:或者,In his most famous speech he said: All men are created equal and must enjoy equally the rights that are inalienably 4.用于信件或演说词中的称呼语之后(英国用法中多用逗号),翻译的时候保持:Dear Sir: /Dear Professor Jones: /Ladies and Gentlemen:5.用于公函、政府文件或商业函件的标题或标目之后,翻译的时候保持:TO /SUBJECT: /REFERENCE: /VIA:6.用于时与分之间(英国法中多用句号)、比率数之间、《圣经》的章与节之间,翻译的时候保持:The train is to leave at 8: /Common nouns outnumber proper nouns in proportion /You will find it in Genesis 2: 4-7.分隔书名的标题与副标题,翻译的时候保持:或者破折号NOStromo: A Tale of the Seaboard, Comma(逗号)1.分隔并列成分We are tired, hungry and /Washington was said to be first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his /We were taught how to sit gracefully, how to how to converse 2.分隔并列句中的分句It snowed all night, and the schools were closed the next / We must leave now, or we will miss the / I tried to sleep, but my neighbour's dog made that /It is an imperfect system,yet it is better than 3.分隔对比或对照成分He is sick, not /The more haste, the less 4.分隔非限定性修饰语、同位语或附加说明的词语He found the Paper on the roof, where the newsboy had thrown The the who had cared through the window, went straight to the /They want us, you and me, to go /I have to get up early, particularly on S5.分隔附加疑问句或选择疑问句Tom didn't take it, did he? / Which pencil do you the red one or the blue one?6.分隔直接引语和导语Only a "Sherman said, " would carry on like 7.表示省略相同词语Some went to the right; others, to the 分隔句首状语Usually, he is dressed in blue / Except for physics, my courses are not /When he found that his parents had deserted him, he sat down to 9,常用以分隔用作独立成分、状语等的下列词语Honestly, that's all the money I /Personally, I prefer the other /Unfortunately, they were out when I /To tell you the truth, I was very frightened1) actually, basically, briefly fortunately,frankly, honestly, hopefully, incidentally,luckily, naturally, personally, unfortunately, to tell the truth2) anyhow, anyway, besides, consequent,furthermore, however, likewise, moreover, nevertheless, otherwise, therefore;3)first(ly), second(ly ), last(ly), finally,first of after all, above all, in other words, for example, for instance, that is,namely, , 4)in short, in fact, in conclusion, in a few words, as a result, as a matter of fact, on the contrary, on the other hand;5) of course, by the way, sure enough, between you and me, believe it or not;6)I think, I believe, I suppose, you know,you see, In my opinion;7)yes, no, well, ohAnyhow, even if the problem does arise, it wont affect /I don’t want to go; besides, I’m too /This is, however, another side to this This is our most disastrous and embarrassing defeat eve: in short, a /I don’t like him, in fact,I hate /On the contrary, it hardly ever It's strange, you know, that he hasn’t passed the /In my opinion, he is Yes, times have /Well, not much can be done about it /Oh, David, come here a moment! /Oh no, not again!10.分隔日期、数字、地点Firstly, let me deal with the most important /The cinema is only open to adults, ,people over June 12, 1991/It was on Friday, May 16, in Los A /The price of this sedan car is $12,/He lives at 1515 Halsted SChicago, I11.分隔人名与职称、头衔或倒置姓名I asked my boss for a month's holiday and, believe it or not, he agreed! /By the way, have you seen Tom recently?12.分隔呼语R W Leeds, M D /George Washington, President/Smith, John W, JI would like to ask you, M Jones, for your /Will you see if the door is closed, Janet? /Sir,I'd like to ask a 13.用于信件的称呼语之后(美国用法中多用冒号)或结束语之后Dear Mary, /Sincerely yours, /Yours truly,“ ”Quotation Mark(引号)1.用于直接引语注意下列句子中其他标点符号与引号的相对位置:1)逗号、句号位于引号内(这是美国用法,英国用法多置于引号外)2)不属于引语的问号、感叹号或破折号位于引号之外3)在引语内再用引语时,可用单引号(这是美国用法,在英国用法中,单引号在外,双引号在内)4)引语不止一段时,引号位于各段起始处和最后一段结尾处Michael said, "Let's meet at my house next "/"No, you cant, "she "It's January 1, 1863, Lincoln declared the slaves "forever "/The word"bread, for example, has both standard and slang Why did she say "That is a very selfish attitude"?The witness said, "I distinctly heard him say, Don’t be late, and then heard the door " /The witness said, I distinctly heard him say, Don’t be and then heard the door ’Frequently used signs and symbols are in the back of this Many are found on Symbols include the chemical The chemical elements are also grouped together in the back of this "2.用于引述文章、文艺作品、歌曲、广播及电视节目、绘画等Have you read the article"Shanghai Shows Its Colors"in the January Time? /"Ode to a Nightingale " was written by K /American national anthem is"The Star-spangled B " /YOAS Amencan Mosaic”/ Da Vinci’s“ Mona Lisa "3.用于引述俚语、反语、借用语、定义、词形等Her brother"socked her in the eye and" beaned "her with a /Bob's skiing"vacation"consisted of three weeks with his leg in a / The basic meaning of dumb in both British and American English is“ unable to speak.”/ How do you spell the word" eclectic”?;Semicolon(分号)一般说来,分号的作用介于句号与逗号之间,即用分号隔开的两部分之间的关系,比用句号分开的紧密,但不及用逗号分开的紧密。1.用于并列分句之间People make history: unusual people make history /Your car is new; mine is six years /I came, I saw I /it's too late to go for a walk now; besides, it's beginning to /We finally found the gate; however, it had been 2.分隔已有逗号的并列成分,以避免歧义Follow this procedure: first, get your application forms; next, fill them out; last, pay the The sun, a bright yellow ball, shone; the children, happy as always, 3.用于由 for example, for instance, namely,that is( to say), in fact,i.e.,e.g等词语引出的分句之前Many of their talents complemented each other; for example, he played the piano and she /Tom is well-liked: in he is the most popular person in the /He chose to invest in major industries: e, steel, automobiles, and — Dash(破折号)用在一个解释性的分句或句子前面:It's an environmental — That's not a small 这是个环境保护的问题,这不是一件小事。用在一个解释性的插入语的前面和后面(相当于一个括号):During my vacation—I must have been insane—I decided I would 假期中,我准是疯了,我决定去滑雪。用在一个引用的句子前面(代替一个冒号,或与分号一起用):Uncle Wang laughingly answered—"No, no; stay where you "大叔笑着回答道“不用了,不用了,你就呆到那。”表示意思的突然转折:"And may I ask—"said Xiao Wu;" but I guess it's better for you to ask him about "“我可以问——”小吴说;“不过我想还是你问他的好。”表示迟疑犹豫:"I—I—I rather think —maybe—Amy has taken "“我——我——我想——或许——是艾米拿了。”总括前面列举的若干东西:News house, larger schools, more sheep, more pigs and chickens, more horses and donkeys—everywhere here shows signs of 新房子,扩建的学校,更多的羊、猪、鸡,更多的马和驴,这里的一切显示出一片繁荣景象。Italicization斜体字的使用1.书籍、报刊、文章、诗歌、乐曲、电影、绘画等的名称Dickens' Oliver Twist /The English-Chinese Dictionary/Readers Digest /The New York TimesMilton's Paradise Lost/Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro/ The Sound of Music /Van Gogh’s StarryNight2.交通工具、航天器等专名Air Force One/Apollo/Challenger3.作为例示的词、字母或数字The word receive is often /The b in comb is silent4,表示强调的词语She never expected such a /woman's place was in the home; it certainly isn’t 5.表示未归化的外来词语In aeternum[L]/ fille[F]6.动物学和植物学中表示属、种、亚种及变种的拉丁语新学名The horse (Equus caballus )has affected the course of history more than any other /The mistletoe (Phoradendron flavescens )is the state flower of O7.法庭案例名称中的原被告姓名Madison Kingley/the Jones case8.剧本中的舞台提示ROBERT: Ah yes, of Sit down, sit down, please, M R [She sits as if this made matters rather ]PHILIP: (Standing guard by her )My wife is a little 取自陆谷孙英译汉大词典
职称论文的写作顺序就是:标题,作者姓名,单位,中文摘要及关键字,正文,参考文献,论文题目用三号字体,居中,正文、图表、页眉、页脚中的文字用宋体,论文中附表的表头应写在表的上面,居中;论文附图的图题应写在图的下面,居中。按表、图、公式在论文中出现的先后顺序分别编号。 我发表过几篇文章,这些都是我所知道的,百姓论文网的老师也指导了我不少,最后在那发表的,现在书也收到了,还有就是文章摘要要注重,短,精,完整,正文应包括论点、论据、论证过程和结论。只能帮你这么多了
工程类职称论文怎么写?学术堂来告诉你: 第一,在进行论文准备的环节中,一定要从自身的实际情况出发,考虑到是否满足职称评审的要求,是否符合自身的工作领域,并能结合论文选择合适的工程案例等通过对比相关的文献资料,判断哪些论文具有较高的价值以及表达方式,更加有利于适合自身的发展 第二,在题目确定的过程中,一定要从自身的实际出发,重点如何有效进行题目的进一步细化,能有效将文章中的重点和难点进行突出表达,尽量用一句话进行有效表达如果不能,则应重点从逻辑角度多多分析,保障能清晰化阐述出主题内容,这样就能显而易见地表达出文章的新颖点、创新点以及着眼点等 第三,进行工程类职称论文的快速撰写通过一句话来快速进行文章主旨表达,这样就能满足快速撰写论文的要求具体来说,在论文快速撰写的过程中,主要是根据一句话,进行按照框架的逐级展开,有效进行二级目录就可以,这样结合相关的二级目录的要求,就能完成论文相关的内容的组织以及撰写
关键信息 写全内筒:摘要,关键词,前言,结论作者信息:单位(全称),单位地址(精确到市),单位邮编剩下的 基本没有问题(如果你问的是写作的格式,每个单位都有不同的要求,应该去向单位要格式,通常来说5倍行距,正文宋体小四就行)(如果是需要发表的职称论文格式,就不用担心了,编辑会给排版)如果有需要发表可以,m我
论文中标点符号的用法职称是什么
写最后一个格的外面!引号的话结束后,有两种情况:第一,引用别人的是一个完整的句子,就将标点标在引号的里面;第二,引用的只是一个词,或在引用句子后仍然有部分话语要说,则将标点标在外面。另外,一般论文当中不会掺杂个人过多的情感,所以论文中不用感叹号!
百度学术可以找到参考文献,输入关键词,在输入年份,就能找到相对应的参考文献。如果不知道参考文献格式要求,可以百度搜,参考文献自动生成器。直接按着填就出来了。 1、论文题目:要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。 2、目录:目录是论文中主要段落的简表。(短篇论文不必列目录) 3、提要:是文章主要内容的摘录,要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字,多不超过三百字为宜。 4、关键词或主题词:关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的,是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语,便于信息系统汇集,以供读者检索。每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词,另起一行,排在“提要”的左下方。 主题词是经过规范化的词,在确定主题词时,要对论文进行主题,依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。 5、论文正文: (1)引言:引言又称前言、序言和导言,用在论文的开头。引言一般要概括地写出作者意图,说明选题的目的和意义,并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。 〈2)论文正文:正文是论文的主体,正文应包括论点、论据、论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容: 提出-论点; 分析问题-论据和论证; 解决问题-论证与步骤; 结论。 6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料,列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页,标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。 中文:标题--作者--出版物信息(版地、版者、版期):作者--标题--出版物信息 所列参考文献的要求是: (1)所列参考文献应是正式出版物,以便读者考证。 (2)所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。
常用的标点符号有10种,分点号和标点两大类。点号的作用在于点断,主要表示说话时的停顿和语气。点号又分为句末点号和句内点号。句末点号用在句末,有句号、问号、叹号3种,表示句末的停顿,同时表示句子的语气。句内点号用在句内,有逗号、顿号、分号、冒号4种,表示句内的各种不同性质的停顿。标点符号是辅助文字记录语言的符号,是书面语的有机组成部分,用来表示停顿、语气以及词语的性质和作用。标点符号的位置:1、句号、问号、叹号、逗号、顿号、分号和冒号一般占一个字的位置,居左偏下,不出现在一行之首。2、引号、括号、书名号的前一半不出现在一行之末,后一半不出现在一行之首。3、破折号和省略号都占两个字的位置,中间不能断开。连接号和间隔号一般占一个字的位置。破折号、省略号、连接号和间隔号放在字下居中。4、着重号、专名号和浪线式书名号标在字的下边,可以随字移行。
破折号:解释说明、表示转折、表示递进•••••
论文中标点符号的用法职称是什么意思
英文标点符号中除了破折号长度占2个英文字符外, 其他均只占1个英文字符。英文标点符号中没有“《》”、“、”和“~”。英文中书名一般用斜体表示,该用顿号时用逗号,表示数字范围则用半字线“-”。英文中“~”有时用在阿拉伯数字前表示近似。文中破折号、数字范围号与连字符分别为:“—”(长度占2个英文字符) 、“-” (占1个英文字符),而汉语中相应符号的长度分别比其长1倍:“——”(长度占2个汉字)、“—”(占1个汉字)和“-”(占半个汉字) 。更多有关英文论文标点符号的使用情况可以来中国鸣网学术站看看。
职称论文的写作顺序就是:标题,作者姓名,单位,中文摘要及关键字,正文,参考文献,论文题目用三号字体,居中,正文、图表、页眉、页脚中的文字用宋体,论文中附表的表头应写在表的上面,居中;论文附图的图题应写在图的下面,居中。按表、图、公式在论文中出现的先后顺序分别编号。 我发表过几篇文章,这些都是我所知道的,百姓论文网的老师也指导了我不少,最后在那发表的,现在书也收到了,还有就是文章摘要要注重,短,精,完整,正文应包括论点、论据、论证过程和结论。只能帮你这么多了
1、中文的在中文输入法下输入,英文的在英文输入法下输入。2、中文的标点符号随它之前的文字走,前面的文字是什么体,标点符号也用什么体。3、两种文献不使用统一格式的标点符号,各用各的。
标点符号分为点号、标号、符号三大类。点号①句号 ( 。)②问号 ( ?)③感叹号 ( !)④逗号 ( ,)⑤顿号 ( 、)⑥分号 ( ;)⑦冒号 ( :)其作用在于:表示口语中不同长短的停顿。 标号①引号 (“ ”)②括号 〔( ) [ ] { } 〕③破折号( ── )④省略号 (……)⑤着重号( .)⑥书名号 (《 》〈 〉)⑦间隔号 (·)⑧连接号 ( — )⑨专名号 ( ____ )其作用在于:表示书面语言里词语的性质或作用。符号①注释号( * )②隐讳号(×)③虚缺号(□)④斜线号( / )⑤标识号 (▲或●)⑥代替号 (~)⑦连珠号( …… )⑧箭头号( →)常用标点符号用法简表 一、基本定义 句子,前后都有停顿,并带有一定的句调,表示相对完整的意义。句子前后或中间的停顿,在口头语言中,表现出来就是时间间隔,在书面语言中,就用标点符号来表示。一般来说,汉语中的句子分以下几种: 陈述句:用来说明事实的句子。 祈使句:用来要求听话人做某件事情的句子。 疑问句:用来提出问题的句子。 感叹句:用来抒发某种强烈感情的句子。 复句、分句:意思上有密切联系的小句子组织在一起构成一个大句子。这样的大句子叫复句,复句中的每个小句子叫分句。 构成句子的语言单位是词语,即词和短语(词组)。词即最小的能独立运用的语言单位。短语,即由两个或两个以上的词按一定的语法规则组成的表达一定意义的语言单位,也叫词组。 标点符号是书面语言的有机组成部分,是书面语言不可缺少的辅助工具。它帮助人们确切地表达思想感情和理解书面语言。 二、用法简表 名称 符号 用法说明 举例 句号 。 1.用于陈述句的末尾。 北京是中华人民共和国的首都。 2.用于语气舒缓的祈使句末尾。 请您稍等一下。 问号 ? 1.用于疑问句的末尾。 他叫什么名字? 2.用于反问句的末尾。 难道你不了解我吗? 叹号 ! 1.用于感叹句的末尾。 为祖国的繁荣昌盛而奋斗! 2.用于语气强烈的祈使句末尾。 停止射击! 3.用于语气强烈的反问句末尾。 我哪里比得上他呀! 逗号 , 1.句子内部主语与谓语之间如需停顿,用逗号。 我们看得见的星星,绝大多数是恒星。 2.句子内部动词与宾语之间如需停顿,用逗号。 应该看到,科学需要一个人贡献出毕生的精力。 3.句子内部状语后边如需停顿,用逗号。 对于这个城市,他并不陌生。 4.复句内各分句之间的停顿,除了有时要用分号外,都要用逗号。 据说苏州园林有一百多处,我到过的不过十多处。 顿号 、 用于句子内部并列词语之间的停顿。 正方形是四边相等、四角均为直角的四边形。 分号; 1.用于复句内部并列分句之间的停顿。 语言,人们用来抒情达意;文字,人们用来记言记事。 2.用于分行列举的各项之间。 中华人民共和国行政区域划分如下: (一)全国分为省、自治区、直辖市; (二)省、自治区分为自治州、县、自治县、市; (三)县、自治县分为乡、民族乡、镇。 冒号 : 1.用于称呼语后边,表示提起下文。 同志们,朋友们:现在开会了…… 2.用于“说、想、是、证明、宣布、指出、透露、例如、如下”等词语后边,提起下文。 他十分惊讶地说:“啊,原来是你!” 3.用于总说性话语的后边,表示引起下文的分说。 北京紫禁城有四座城门:武门、神武门、东华门、西华门。 4.用于需要解释的词语后边,表示引出解释或说明。 外文图书展销会 日期:10月20日至于11月10日 时间:上午8时至下午4时 地点:北京朝阳区工体东路16号 主办单位:中国图书进出口总公司 5.用于总括性话语的前边,以总结上文。 张华考上了北京大学;李萍进了中等技术学校;我在百货公司当售货员:我们都有光明的前途。 引号“ ” ‘ ’ 1.用于行文中直接引用的部分。 “满招损,谦受益”这句格言,流传到今天至少有两千年了。 2.用于需要着重论述的对象。 古人对于写文章有个基本要求,叫做“有物有序”。“有物”就是要有内容,“有序”就是要有条理。 3.用于具有特殊含义的词语。 这样的“聪明人”还是少一点好。 4.引号里面还要用引号时,外面一层用双引号,里面一层用单引号。 他站起来问:“老师,‘有条不紊’是什么意思?” 括号( ) 用于行文中注释的部分。注释句子中某些词语的,括注紧贴在被注释词语之后;注释整个句子的,括注放在句末标点之后。 (1)中国猿人(全名为“中国猿人北京种”,或简称“北京人”)在我国的发现,是对古人类学的一个重大贡献。 (2)写研究性文章跟文学创作不同,不能摊开稿纸搞“即兴”。(其实文学创作也要有素养才能有“即兴”。) 破折号 —— 1.用于行文中解释说明的部分。 迈进金黄色的大门,穿过宽敞的风门厅和衣帽厅,就到了大会堂建筑的枢纽部分——中央大厅。 2.用于话题突然转变。 “今天好热啊!——你什么时候去上海?”张强对刚刚进门的小王说。 3.用于声音延长的拟声词后面。 “呜——”火车开动了。 4.用于事项列举分承的各项之前。 根据研究对象的不同,环境物理学分为以下五个分支学科: ——环境声学; ——环境光学; ——环境热学; ——环境电磁学; ——环境空气动力学。 省略号…… 1.用于引文的省略。 她轻轻地哼起了《摇篮曲》:“月儿明,风儿静,树叶儿遮窗棂啊……” 2.用于列举的省略。 在广州的花市上,牡丹、吊钟、水仙、梅花、菊花、山茶、墨兰……春秋冬三季的鲜花都挤在一起啦! 3.用于话语中间,表示说明断断续续。 “我……对不起……大家,我……没有……完成……任务。” 连接号— 1.两个相关的名词构造成一个意义单位,中间用连接号。 我国秦岭—淮河以北地区属于温带季风气候区,夏季高温多雨,冬季寒冷干燥。 2.相关的时间、地点或数目之间,用连接号,表示起止。 鲁迅(1881—1936)原名周树人,字豫才,浙江绍兴人。 3.相关的字母、阿拉伯数字等之间,用连接号,表示产品型号。 在太平洋地区,除了已经建成投入使用的HAW—4和TPC—3海底光缆之外,又有TPC—4海底光缆投入运营。 4.几个相关的项目表示递进式发展,中间用连接号。 人类的发展可以分为古猿—猿人—古人—新人这四个阶段。 间隔号 · 1.用于外国人和某些少数民族人名内各部分的分界。 烈奥纳多·达·芬奇、爱新觉罗·努尔哈赤。 2.用于书名与篇(章、卷)名之间的分隔。 《中国大百科全书·物理学》、《三国志·蜀志·诸葛亮传》。 书名号 《 》 〈 〉 用于书名、篇名、报纸名、刊物名等。 《红楼梦》的作者是曹雪芹。课文里有一篇鲁迅的《从百草园到三味书屋》。他的文章在《人民日报》上发表了。桌上放着一本《中国语文》。《〈中国工人〉发刊词》发表于1940年2月7日。 专名号用于人名、地名、朝代名等专名下面。 司马相如者,汉 蜀郡 成都人也,字长卿