关于森林的论文摘要英文版怎么写

关于森林的论文摘要英文版怎么写

(Abstract) 也成为内容提要，通常在学士论文中都必须附有摘要，其位置应放在论文的正文之前，对整个论文内容的概述无论对专业读者还是对非专业读者而言，摘要都是一个非常重要的文件　　摘要如果和论文一起发表，则被称为一次性出版物摘要，主要用于帮助读者评价文章内容及其潜在作用，使读者不必阅读全文就可以了解论文的内容除此之外，摘要也可以被单独收入文摘机构出版的摘要期刊如:生物学文摘(Biological Abstract)、化学文摘(Chemical Abstract)等、称为二次性出版物摘要此类脱离论文独立成篇的摘要主要用于方便读者检索文献、收集信息，帮助研究者寻找新的研究领域　　一、 摘要的定义　　摘要的英文术语:有两个词汇，一个是 abstract， 一个是 根据美国国家标准学会(American National Standard Institute)于1971年通过并颁布的《美国国家文摘写作标准》(American National Standard for Writing Abstracts)规定，Abstract 不应与 summary 混同　　Abstract 对一篇论文的主要内容以精炼的文字进行高度概括，使读者不必阅读全文即可了解论文内容，或者让读者对即将阅读的文章有思想准备，或者让读者判断是否有通读全文的必要文中只对论文信息进行浓缩，而不加主观评论或解释，可以脱离原文而独立成篇字数通常在100~150个词左右，更确切地说，约为原文长度的1% ~ 5%(有的杂志规定摘要平均为全文的3% ~ 5%)现在越来越多的用法是 　　尤其是放在索引资料中一律要用 abstract 这个术语，在论文的题目下也通常要用这个词　　Summary (概要) 与 abstract 无明显差别严格地说，summary 一般附在论文的后面，对论文的主要结论和成果进行再叙述其前提是读者已经通读过全文，通过 summary 来巩固论文的主要论点和成果在某些论文中，用 summary 取代正文中的 conclusion 部分 Summary 是论文的"缩影"，可以概括论文的全部内容，只是在删繁就简上下功夫，字数长短不一，少则两三句话，多则500个单词甚至更长美国的一些高等学校规定，硕士论文提要(summary)以250词左右为宜，而博士论文题要以350词左右为宜国际会议论文的提要一般规定为300 ~ 500 词或 1000 个印刷符号　　至于究竟要采用什么形式，要根据征稿而定　　一般说来，国际学术会议论文及要求按 Summary 方式来写摘要，而正式出版发行的刊物要修不尽一致对于个别论文还见有前面为 Abstract， 结尾又有一个Summary ， 这多半是由于文章过长，内容有多，后面的 Summary 相当于该文的缩写　　二、 摘要的种类　　摘要分为两类，一类是说明性摘要(Descriptive/ Indicative Abstract)，一类是资料性(Informative Abstract)摘要　　 说明性摘要 (Descriptive / Indicative Abstract)　　如同迈克尔艾利 (Michael Alley)所说，"一篇说明性摘要是段落形式的目录，使读者手中的一份简要地图"从这句话中可以清楚地了解说明性摘要的作用说明性摘要指向读者指出论文的主要议题是什么，不涉及具体的研究方法和结果，但无法给读者提供更多的详细信息它一般是用于综述性文章，也用于讨论、评论性文章，尤以介绍某学科近期发展动态的论文居多，常出现"… is studied"、 "…is discussed" 字样时态多用现在时或现在完成时其篇幅也较短，大多在100 ~ 150 字之间以下是一篇说明性摘要的样例　　Ten widespread diseases that are hazards in isolated construction camps can be prevented by removing or destroying the breeding places of flies， mosquitoes and rats， and by killing their adult 由于说明性摘要仅限于陈述论文的主要论题且篇幅较小，主要用于评述性的论文　　 资料性摘要 (Informative Abstract)　　资料性摘要的优点是比说明性摘要能提供多的多的信息，它应该尽量完整和准确地体现原文的具体内容，特别强调指出研究的方法和结果、结论等其篇幅较长，大多在150 ~250 字之间根据原文长度，也有多达500字的通常，这类的摘要反映了论文的基本面貌，能够代替阅读论文全文　　Ten widespread diseases that are hazards in isolated construction camps can be prevented by removing or destroying the breeding places of flies， mosquitoes and rats， and by killing their adult The breeding of flies is controlled by proper disposal of decaying organic matter， and of mosquitoes by destroying or draining pools， or spraying them with For rats， only the indirect methods of rat-resistant houses and protected food supplies are Control of adult forms of both insects and rodens requires use of Screens are used for Minnows can be planted to eat mosquito 　　三、 如何写摘要　　 摘要的位置 摘要的位置是确定的，一般在作者工作单位的下方如:　　Cultural Differences Between China and USA (标题)　　Xu Ying (署名) Hunan University (Changsha， Hunan， 410082) (工作单位) Abstract: (摘要) Key words: (关键词)　　 写作要点　　(1) 长度:有专家认为150 ~ 200 个词之间;文章长度的五分之一 有些刊物会规定摘要的篇幅不能超过一定的字数，如:在80 ~ 100 之间，在投稿前应查询 若刊物没有规定长度时，可以参阅已发表的文章长度参加国际会议的论文摘要有字数限制，一般要求200 ~ 500 个词之间，约1000个印刷符号(美国化学文献、医学文献的论文摘要规定在200个词以内)　　(2) 不要重复论文中的句子　　(3) 避免列举大堆数据　　(4) 一般只是一个段落，不要将其分为数段　　(5) 不要使用祈使句、感叹句、公式、表格等　　(6) 完成论文后在写摘要　　(7) 一般使用第三人称或被动语态　　(8) 语言需简明扼要　　下面请看一段论文摘要:　　This paper deals with the English syllabus for graduate students in C The paper first reviews the history of the graduate English teaching， then discusses the shortcomings in the syllabus and finally proposes some suggestions for its 　　(本回答由学术堂整理提供)

是关于保护森林的么？文章内容如下：现在有许多工人到森林里砍伐树木。我看着一棵棵大树无声地倒下，感到非常惋惜。大树是使地球上的生物良好生存的根源，它可以给人类制造氧气，使地球上的空气永远是新鲜的;树林还可以给小动物们一个舒适温暖的家。如果我们再无止境地砍伐下去，那么那些野生动物就会灭绝，天气也会越来越恶劣。保护我们的家园吧，请从现在开始，从一个简单的行动开始，让我们种上更多的树苗，制造出美好的森林家园。NWIfeelverysorry。TItcanmanufactureoxygentoourhumanandmaketheearth'FIThewildanimalswillbecomeextinctandTPFromasimpleactions，Let'我自己写的，希望能帮到你。

去下面的网站搜索看吧：注意关键词必须是英语。

摘要写作也不是很难，参考下面的步骤来试试吧！1、英文摘要是应用符合英文语法的文字语言，以提供论文内容梗概为目的，不加评论和补充解释，简明、确切地阐述论文重要内容的短文。2、英文摘要必须符合“拥有与论文同等量的主要信息”的原则。为此，英文摘要应重点包括4个要素，即研究目的、方法、结果、结论。在这4个要素中，后2个是最重要的。在执行上述原则时，有些情况下，英文摘要可包括研究工作的主要对象和范围，以及具有情报价值的其它重要的信息。3、英文摘要句型力求简单，通常有10个意义完整语句顺畅的句子。4、英文摘要不应有引言中出现的内容，也不要对论文内容作诠释和评论，不得简单重复题名中已有的信息；不用非公知公用的符号和术语，不用引文，除非该论文证实或否定了他人已发表的论文，缩略语、略称、代号，除了相邻专业的读者也能清楚理解的以外，在首次出现时必须加以说明；科技论文写作时应注意的其他事项，如采用法定计量单位，正确使用语言文字和标点符号等，也同样适用于英文摘用的编写。

关于森林的论文摘要英文版

Harmony with the environment is that we live in on Earth， who is a natural son， and not only to natural persons as the conqueror， as we all know， there is only one earth and the mountains on Earth， the Plant human cells， if it damaged， destroyed nature organizations， to the eradication of Therefore， the environment must be linked with social ethics， character education and practice acts as an important element of Everyone must fulfil its responsibilities and obligations to protect the 人与环境是和谐相处的，我们生存在地球上，人是自然之子，而不能仅把人看作自然的征服者，大家都知道，人类只有一个地球，地球上的山山水水、动物。植物是人类的细胞，如果我们把它损坏了，破坏了大自然的组织，等于消灭人类。因此，环境要与社会公德联系起来，与实践行为作为人格教育的一项重要内容来抓。每个人都要履行保护环境的责任和义务。

在人教版初中英语第11单元Lesson 42 The Great Green Wall这篇课文是讲森林作用的in this place we hold together!In reality we are far apart，we never get lost in our Like rainbows crossing the sky，our forest is filled with joyful Let's enjoy every moment we can，'cause no one knows when the party will Heartfully wish our forest evergreen，through the good the bad our soul stays 美丽的森林--- 雪玲 译你已领略到林子的美丽，那么会否真心来此相守？把你所有的爱心来分享，在这地方我们共同聚首！现实中我们虽然相隔万里，但彼此心里从没迷失对方。就象彩虹划过天，我们林里笑声荡漾。让我们尽情享受每一刻吧，没人能料知何时是缘份的尽头。衷心希望我们的林子长青绿，历经苦乐我们的心灵永远纯洁无羞

英语专业研究生，私聊

关于森林的论文摘要英文怎么写

去下面的网站搜索看吧：注意关键词必须是英语。

在人教版初中英语第11单元Lesson 42 The Great Green Wall这篇课文是讲森林作用的in this place we hold together!In reality we are far apart，we never get lost in our Like rainbows crossing the sky，our forest is filled with joyful Let's enjoy every moment we can，'cause no one knows when the party will Heartfully wish our forest evergreen，through the good the bad our soul stays 美丽的森林--- 雪玲 译你已领略到林子的美丽，那么会否真心来此相守？把你所有的爱心来分享，在这地方我们共同聚首！现实中我们虽然相隔万里，但彼此心里从没迷失对方。就象彩虹划过天，我们林里笑声荡漾。让我们尽情享受每一刻吧，没人能料知何时是缘份的尽头。衷心希望我们的林子长青绿，历经苦乐我们的心灵永远纯洁无羞

关于森林的论文摘要英文翻译版

Trees Are Important to Use 　　Trees are very useful to They provide us with wood and other They give us shade and they help to prevent drought and 　　Unfortunately， in many parts of our country， people haven't realized the importance of They cut them down at They are usually too lazy or too careless to plant and look after new As a result， the forests continue to 　　Where there are no trees the rain falls on the surface， causing floods， and carries away with the rich topsoil， in which crops grow so When all the topsoil is gone， nothing remains but worthless 　　The big floods of 1998， in parts of China， have already taught us a good So every one of us must love trees， protect forests， and keep on planting trees each year

China's forest was not much， plus because of The forests of our country are getting less and From the woods to the Recently， I know that the forest can improve the living environment， green can purify the air， reduce environmental Can also provide the work of raw materials and other forest In the disaster areas， flood overruns the reason is because some there is no culture of farmers felling of trees caused water and soil erosion， so that flood will be so fierce Desert， sand flying Originally， this situation is caused by now: the forest is cut The role of forests， some ignorant farmers also not understand it Forest can store water and We feel hot in the summer， and it's more stuffy in the That's because the forest was destroyed， so it's not Where there is a forest， it is like an air conditioner， the trees can block some sunlight， so it will not be too In winter， the trees of the shelter， the woods will not be too You said， the forest is not a cool "natural regulator"Forests have a very beneficial role in the country's interests!It plays a great role in camouflage and concealment on the national defense at the So， the forest is a big hero ""Do you see， the role of the forest is not a lot， a lot of it? So， the forest is really too 我国的森林本来就不多 ， 再加上由于人们的乱砍滥伐 。 我们国家的森林是越来越少了。由森林变化为林子。最近，我知道了森林可以改善生活环境，绿化可以净化空气，减少环境污染。还可以提供工作原料和其它林副产品。在灾区里，洪水泛滥成灾的原因是因为一些没有文化的农民们乱砍树木造成水土大量流失，所以，洪水才会如此凶猛的。少漠中，黄沙漫飞舞着。原来，造成现在这样情景的是：森林被砍光了。人们对于森林的作用，有些愚昧的农民还不明白呢！森林可以蓄水保土。我们在夏天里觉得很热，到了森林里更闷了。那是因为森林被人为破坏了，所以才一点也不凉快。有森林的地方，就像一个空调器，树木可以挡住一些太阳光，这样就不会太热了。冬天，树木的遮挡，林子里面就不会太凉了。你说，森林是不是一个冬暖夏凉的“自然调节器”。森林还有一个很利于国家利益的作用哩！它在边境的国防上，起到了很大的伪装、隐蔽的作用。所以，森林也是一大“功臣”。你看，森林的作用是不是很多，很大呀？所以，森林实在是太重要了。

关于森林的论文摘要英文版高中

Protection forest Forest and mankind， mankind intimate partners， is an important part of the global ecological If there is no forest land， most biological extinction， the vast majority of water will flow into the ocean; the oxygen in the atmosphere will reduce， carbon dioxide will increase; the temperature can significantly increased， flood and drought disasters occur Forest， but also can improve the air quality， reduce soil loss， water conservation， reduce the harm of sand blown by wind， reduce noise pollution， beautify the environment and so The forest is precious natural resources， is the human to pillar foundation， and was known as the "lungs of the earth" Why the forest to maintain the ecological balance has an important role? First of all， the nature of all need oxygen to sustain life， and forest is a natural oxygen machine， if the forest and other green plants， is destroyed， the biological survival loses In addition， the forest can regulate the temperature， stop acid rain， dust， noise is attenuated， reducing wind， reduce natural Destruction of forest resources to environmental impact is very serious， loss of ecological Caused by high temperature， air quality is bad， also caused the extinction of wild animals Forest fire is the most dangerous enemy is forest， forestry is the most terrible It will give the forest with devastating Forest fire not only burned forest patches， injury in animals， but also reduce the forest regeneration ability -- a fire， the forest may take decades or even centuries to It can cause the poverty of the soil and water conservation function of forest destruction， even lead to ecological Although now the world science in developing rapidly， however， the human in the uniform of forest fires， but still has not been made a great Forest fire， refers to losing control people， free spreading in woodland， forest， the forest ecosystem and the human bring certain harm and loss of forest fire Forest fire is a sudden， devastating natural disasters， handling more The present situation of the forest， a lot of people do not Please see" -- many tractors， bulldozers rumbled， difficult to count the trees down to the The animals were scared away， plots of land were bulldozed flatIt is human behavior? Love forest! Action bar! Deforestation deforestation forest is human folly， then do not do the harm We must protect the existing forest resources! Beware of forest fires happening again!

Our nation's state-owned forests occupy the leading position in natural The area of stae-owned forest accounts for 6% of the nation's total forest area， the stock of state-owned forest resources makes up 6% of the total stock of national The achievement of the sustainable development of state-owned forest resources a great significance to the nation's economic development， social progress and ecological However， over a long period of time， the level of development of state-owned forestries has been seriously restricted by existing natures of resources，structure， system of organization，and social The contradiction of system of organization is the most important one among the four contrdictions，and its main manifestation is the lagging behind of the reform of state-owned forestry property right Yichun is our nation's important forestry production base， it faced a double pressures of resources crisis and econimic difficulties towards the later part of 1980， owing to the inflexiblity of the system plus the drying up of forest resources day by day: faced with the situation of having no forest to cut down (tree) as 98% of usable forest resources was depleted， forest stocking capacity was reduced by 55%; workers' incomes in the forestry are low， society lacked the ability to protect， they were both in a relatively poor After 2006， Yichun became the location to launch a pilot project for forestry property right reform， it had huge support from the State Forestry Administration (or Bureau); Helongjian Provincial Party Committee;and the Provincial Government，and it had achieved successes in stages， but many extremely difficult issues still left over due to the many years of restraint on Therefore， Yichun should increase its forestry system reform vigour and continually carry out the reform that is in line with its own actual This thesis analyses the current situation and existing issues of Yichun city's forestry property right's system reform， through the clarification of forestry property right's system structure on the practicality and the foundation of long term interest of the forestry's development，and put forward in this thesis an overall train of thought for the development of Yichun city's forestry， as well as carrying out analysis and putting forward proposals in the light on the issues of forest land reform and certificate of forest right; the limits of authority given to the contract workers when carrying out tending cutting and felling operations;the trading of property right;the optimization and further refinement of qualification and standard of contracting workers on forestland，and the enlargement of the areas for pilot

There are four seasons in a year， I like summer most， while I hate Mow it is winter， I have to wear a lot of clothes， it makes me move slowly， I want to play with my friend， but with so many clothes， I feel I also can’t sleep well， I feel so cold， I wish spring will come