有关彝族文化的论文范文英语翻译

有关彝族文化的论文范文英语翻译

Who are the Yi?The Chinese government has grouped the Nisu， Nasu， Sani， Axi， Lolopo， Pu， and tens of dozens of other peoples speaking more than six completely distinct languages with dozens of dialects into a single group called the Yi (pronounced like the name of the letter E) Because of this， a Yi from one area may not be able to communicate with a Yi from another area; and may or may not even agree that they both are Y Most Yi are farmers; herders of cattle， sheep and goats; and nomadic Only about one third of the Yi are Most have no written Although the younger generation seems less devoted， the Yi have generally been animists， worshipping the spirits of ancestors， hills， trees， rocks， water， earth， sky， wind， and Magic plays a major role in daily life through healing， exorcism， asking for rain， cursing enemies， blessing， divination and analysis of one's relationship with the They believe dragons protect villages against bad spirits， and demons cause After someone dies they sacrifice a pig or sheep at the doorway to maintain relationship with the deceased The Nuosu religion (from the Nuosu or Nasu group in the Yi minority) distinguishes two sorts of shamans: the 《 bi-mox 》 and the “su-nyit” Bi-mox are the most revered and maybe also important agents in the Nuosu religion， to the point that sometimes the Nuosu religion is also called “bimox religion” When one can becomes a bimox by patrilineal descent after a time of apprenticeship， one becomes a su-nyit by election or after having been “elected” Both can perform But only bimox can perform rituals linked to Bimox are said to be literate [edit]Where are the Yi?Of the over 8 million Yi people， over 5 million live in Yunnan Province， 5 million live in southern Sichuan Province， and 1 million live in the northwest corner of Guizhou P Nearly all the Yi live in mountainous areas， often carving out their existence on the sides of steep mountain slopes far from the cities of C[edit]HistoryLegend has it that the Yi are descended from the ancient Qiang people of Western China， who are also said to be the ancestors of the Tibetan， Naxi and Qiang They migrated from Southeastern Tibet through Sichuan and into Yunnan Province， where their largest populations can be found They practice a form of animism， led by a shaman priest known as the B They still retain a few ancient religious texts written in their unique pictographic Their religion also contains many elements of Daoism and BMany of the Yi in northwestern Yunnan practiced a complicated form of People were split into the nuohuo or Black Yi (nobles) and qunuo or White Yi (commoners) White Yi and other ethnic groups were held as slaves， but the higher slaves were allowed to farm their own land， hold their own slaves and eventually buy their

Sichuan Yi leave， only in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture， according to the provisions of the "Regulations on the exercise of autonomy" in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture， the calendar year of November 20th for "Yi"， a holiday for 3 According to the Liangshan people's Government OfficeThe "notice on 2016 part of the holiday" (cool house letter 2015 N 355) the provisions of this year， Liangshan Yi leave since November 20th to 26 vacation days off， a total of 7 On Saturday， November 19th ()， 27 (Sunday)Autonomy regulations of Liangshan Yi Autonomous PrefectureThe Seventy-eighth organs of self-government respect the traditional festivals of various nationalities， and encourage the development of festival activities conducive to the unity of the The calendar year October 1st is the anniversary of the founding of the Autonomous Prefecture， a day The 24th day of the sixth month of the Chinese lunar calendar is the traditional festival of the Yi People's traditional festival， "Torch Festival"， leave three The calendar year November 20th is "Yi"， three days 四川彝族年假，仅限于凉山彝族自治州实施，根据《凉山彝族自治州自治条例》的规定，每年公历的十一月二十日为“彝族年”，放假3天。根据凉山州人民政府办公室《关于2016年部分节假日安排的通知》（凉府办函〔2015〕355号）的规定，今年凉山州彝族年假自11月20日至26日放假调休，共7天。11月19日（星期六）、27日（星期日）上班。《凉山彝族自治州自治条例》第七十八条自治机关尊重各民族的传统节日，鼓励开展有利于民族团结的节庆活动。每年公历十月一日是自治州成立纪念日，休假一天。每年农历六月二十四日是彝族传统节日“火把节”，休假三天。每年公历十一月二十日是“彝族年”，休假三天。

文化是旅游的灵魂。撒尼族深厚的文化和古朴浓郁的民俗风情，与石林奇特秀美的自然奇观相辉映。彝族、撒尼族风格独特的语言文字、婚丧习俗、服饰彩绣、民间歌舞、内涵丰富的诗文传说、古朴粗犷的摔跤竞技、斗牛斗羊的传统风采，令多少游人叹为观止。挖掘、继承和发扬彝族撒尼传统文化，是石林旅游产业发展的需要。本文在分析石林旅游产业与彝族撒尼文化互动发展现状的基础上，针对石林旅游产业与彝族撒尼文化互动过程中存在的问题，提出了使两者良性互动发展的对策，使石林文化和撒尼文化互相融合，创造出更多的价值，进一步促进石林地区的经济

Culture is the soul of Sani tribe deep rich culture and ancient customs， and beautiful stone林奇特embraced with natural Yi， Sani ethnic style unique language， marriage and funeral customs，彩绣costumes， folk songs， rich in poetry， legends， ancient rough wrestling competition， the traditional bull fighting style sheep， so that the number of visitors Mining， inherit and carry forward the traditional culture of the Yi Sani is the stone forest tourism industry Based on the analysis of Shilin Yi Sani travel industry and development of cultural interaction on the basis of the tourism industry for the Shilin Yi Sani and the process of cultural interaction problems is proposed to enable the development of positive interaction between the two measures， so that cultural and Caesar Stone Forest Nepalese culture of mutual integration， to create more value， to further promote the region's economic Shilin

关于彝族文化的论文范文英语翻译

Who are the Yi?The Chinese government has grouped the Nisu， Nasu， Sani， Axi， Lolopo， Pu， and tens of dozens of other peoples speaking more than six completely distinct languages with dozens of dialects into a single group called the Yi (pronounced like the name of the letter E) Because of this， a Yi from one area may not be able to communicate with a Yi from another area; and may or may not even agree that they both are Y Most Yi are farmers; herders of cattle， sheep and goats; and nomadic Only about one third of the Yi are Most have no written Although the younger generation seems less devoted， the Yi have generally been animists， worshipping the spirits of ancestors， hills， trees， rocks， water， earth， sky， wind， and Magic plays a major role in daily life through healing， exorcism， asking for rain， cursing enemies， blessing， divination and analysis of one's relationship with the They believe dragons protect villages against bad spirits， and demons cause After someone dies they sacrifice a pig or sheep at the doorway to maintain relationship with the deceased The Nuosu religion (from the Nuosu or Nasu group in the Yi minority) distinguishes two sorts of shamans: the 《 bi-mox 》 and the “su-nyit” Bi-mox are the most revered and maybe also important agents in the Nuosu religion， to the point that sometimes the Nuosu religion is also called “bimox religion” When one can becomes a bimox by patrilineal descent after a time of apprenticeship， one becomes a su-nyit by election or after having been “elected” Both can perform But only bimox can perform rituals linked to Bimox are said to be literate [edit]Where are the Yi?Of the over 8 million Yi people， over 5 million live in Yunnan Province， 5 million live in southern Sichuan Province， and 1 million live in the northwest corner of Guizhou P Nearly all the Yi live in mountainous areas， often carving out their existence on the sides of steep mountain slopes far from the cities of C[edit]HistoryLegend has it that the Yi are descended from the ancient Qiang people of Western China， who are also said to be the ancestors of the Tibetan， Naxi and Qiang They migrated from Southeastern Tibet through Sichuan and into Yunnan Province， where their largest populations can be found They practice a form of animism， led by a shaman priest known as the B They still retain a few ancient religious texts written in their unique pictographic Their religion also contains many elements of Daoism and BMany of the Yi in northwestern Yunnan practiced a complicated form of People were split into the nuohuo or Black Yi (nobles) and qunuo or White Yi (commoners) White Yi and other ethnic groups were held as slaves， but the higher slaves were allowed to farm their own land， hold their own slaves and eventually buy their

The Chinese manners is differend from other countries In China，people first meet to shake When people eat，Besides soup，table all food use Certain foods can move chopsticks And sometimes the Chinese host use their chopsticks to put food in your bowl or This is a sign of The appropriate thing to do would be to eat the whatever-it-is and say how yummy it If you feel uncomfortable with this，you can just say a polite thank you and leave the food

Water-Sprinkling Festival （泼水节）　　Water-Sprinkling Festival is a major festival of the Dai nationality that comes about two weeks after Qingming Festival in early A The first day just like the eve of Spring Festival， the third day just like the spring festival day， means a first of a new year， stands for new， happy and lucky On the morning of the first day of Water Sprinkling Festival， people of Dai nationality will go to Buddhist Temple for bathing their numen， and then begin to sprinkle with blessing each They are dancing as well as calling: "water! water! water!"　　During the Water Sprinkling Festival， young Dai people like playing Throw Seven-barks game to look for girlfriend or Boating Race is also very necessary during the It will hold in Lancang River， which will add more fun and happiness on the days!　　　　泼水节（泼水节）　　泼水节是，大约两个星期后，清明节在四月初，傣族的重大节日第一天就像春节前夕，第三天像春天的节日，是一新的一年，是新的，快乐和幸运的一天在泼水节的第一天早上，傣族人会去寺庙沐浴他们的守护神，然后撒上互相祝福他们也叫舞：水!水!水!“；　　在泼水节期间，年轻人喜欢玩掷七代树皮游戏找女朋友或男朋友划船比赛也是很有必要的时候它将在澜沧河，这将增加更多的乐趣和幸福的日子!

Culture is the soul of Sani tribe deep rich culture and ancient customs， and beautiful stone林奇特embraced with natural Yi， Sani ethnic style unique language， marriage and funeral customs，彩绣costumes， folk songs， rich in poetry， legends， ancient rough wrestling competition， the traditional bull fighting style sheep， so that the number of visitors Mining， inherit and carry forward the traditional culture of the Yi Sani is the stone forest tourism industry Based on the analysis of Shilin Yi Sani travel industry and development of cultural interaction on the basis of the tourism industry for the Shilin Yi Sani and the process of cultural interaction problems is proposed to enable the development of positive interaction between the two measures， so that cultural and Caesar Stone Forest Nepalese culture of mutual integration， to create more value， to further promote the region's economic Shilin

有关彝族文化的论文范文英语

Water-Sprinkling Festival （泼水节）　　Water-Sprinkling Festival is a major festival of the Dai nationality that comes about two weeks after Qingming Festival in early A The first day just like the eve of Spring Festival， the third day just like the spring festival day， means a first of a new year， stands for new， happy and lucky On the morning of the first day of Water Sprinkling Festival， people of Dai nationality will go to Buddhist Temple for bathing their numen， and then begin to sprinkle with blessing each They are dancing as well as calling: "water! water! water!"　　During the Water Sprinkling Festival， young Dai people like playing Throw Seven-barks game to look for girlfriend or Boating Race is also very necessary during the It will hold in Lancang River， which will add more fun and happiness on the days!　　　　泼水节（泼水节）　　泼水节是，大约两个星期后，清明节在四月初，傣族的重大节日第一天就像春节前夕，第三天像春天的节日，是一新的一年，是新的，快乐和幸运的一天在泼水节的第一天早上，傣族人会去寺庙沐浴他们的守护神，然后撒上互相祝福他们也叫舞：水!水!水!“；　　在泼水节期间，年轻人喜欢玩掷七代树皮游戏找女朋友或男朋友划船比赛也是很有必要的时候它将在澜沧河，这将增加更多的乐趣和幸福的日子!

Sichuan Yi leave， only in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture， according to the provisions of the "Regulations on the exercise of autonomy" in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture， the calendar year of November 20th for "Yi"， a holiday for 3 According to the Liangshan people's Government OfficeThe "notice on 2016 part of the holiday" (cool house letter 2015 N 355) the provisions of this year， Liangshan Yi leave since November 20th to 26 vacation days off， a total of 7 On Saturday， November 19th ()， 27 (Sunday)Autonomy regulations of Liangshan Yi Autonomous PrefectureThe Seventy-eighth organs of self-government respect the traditional festivals of various nationalities， and encourage the development of festival activities conducive to the unity of the The calendar year October 1st is the anniversary of the founding of the Autonomous Prefecture， a day The 24th day of the sixth month of the Chinese lunar calendar is the traditional festival of the Yi People's traditional festival， "Torch Festival"， leave three The calendar year November 20th is "Yi"， three days 四川彝族年假，仅限于凉山彝族自治州实施，根据《凉山彝族自治州自治条例》的规定，每年公历的十一月二十日为“彝族年”，放假3天。根据凉山州人民政府办公室《关于2016年部分节假日安排的通知》（凉府办函〔2015〕355号）的规定，今年凉山州彝族年假自11月20日至26日放假调休，共7天。11月19日（星期六）、27日（星期日）上班。《凉山彝族自治州自治条例》第七十八条自治机关尊重各民族的传统节日，鼓励开展有利于民族团结的节庆活动。每年公历十月一日是自治州成立纪念日，休假一天。每年农历六月二十四日是彝族传统节日“火把节”，休假三天。每年公历十一月二十日是“彝族年”，休假三天。

驳论是就一定的事件和问题发表议论，揭露和驳斥错误的、反动的见解或主张。驳斥错误的、反动的论点有三种形式：①直接驳斥对方的论点。先举出对方的荒谬论点，然后用正确的道理和确凿的事实直接加以驳斥，揭示出谎言同事实、谬论与真理之间的矛盾。有的文章，首先证明与论敌的论点相对立的论点是正确的，以此来证明论敌的论点是错误的。②通过批驳对方的论据来驳倒对方的论点。论据是论点的根据，是证明论点的。错误和反动的论点，往往是建立在虚假的论据之上的，论据驳倒了，论点也就站不住脚了。③通过批驳对方的论证过程的谬误（驳其论证）来驳倒对方的论点。驳倒了它的论证中关键问题，也就把谬论驳倒了。驳论文的驳法有三种：反驳论点、反驳论据、反驳论证。反驳论证相对于前两者更高了一个层次。议论虽有立论、驳论两种方式，但两者不是完全分开的。驳和立是辨证的统一。在立论性的文章中，有时也要批驳错误论点；在驳论性的文章中，一般也要在批驳错误论点的同时，阐明正确的观点。因此，立论和驳论在议论文中常常是结合起来使用的。直接驳和间接驳的差别①如果直接以论点出发，那就算是直接驳论②如果通过各种论据来反驳论点的算间接驳论③如果从始至终都通过论点论据来论证中心的，就是典型的驳论文，如鲁迅先生的《友邦惊诧论》就是典型的驳论文章。总之，写驳论性的文章，还应注意以下几点：①要对准靶子。写驳论性的文章，首先要摆出对方的谬论或反动观点，树起靶子。怎样树起靶子呢？通常有两种方式。一是概述。即用概括的语言，将所批驳的敌论复述一下。并且还要强调出敌论的弊端。概述时，可适当引用一些原词句，但要有重点，倾向性要鲜明。二是摘引。即把反面材料的关键部分或有关部分，摘录下来，然后对准靶子，进行驳斥。可以引用一些较为典型的事例，和古典名句。更加强有力的证明自己的观点。②要抓住要害。鲁迅说：“正对‘论敌’之要害，仅以一击给予致命的重伤。”对谬论，一定要抓住其反动本质，深入地进行揭露和批判。③要注意分寸。对于敌人的反革命谬论和人民内部存在的错误思想，必须加以区别。对敌人，要无情揭露，痛加批驳，给以致命打击；对于人民内部的错误思想，就要本着“团结——批评——团结”的原则，决不可相提并论。古典文学常见论文一词，谓交谈辞章或交流思想。当代，论文常用来指进行科学研究和描述科研成果的文章，简称之为论文。它既是探讨问题进行科学研究的一种手段，又是描述科研成果进行学术交流的一种工具。它包括学年论文、毕业论文、学位论文、科技论文、成果论文等，总称为论文。论文一般由 题名、 作者、 摘要、 关键词、 正文、 参考文献和附录等部分组成，其中部分组成（例如 附录）可有可无。论文题目要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。目录目录是论文中主要段落的简表。（短篇论文不必列目录）内容提要是 文章主要内容的摘录，要求短、精、完整。1、先确立一个论点。全文围绕这一论点展开论证。对“开卷有益”这种说法，既不能全盘否定，写驳论文；也不宜全盘肯定，写成立论文。因为这种说法既有它正确的一面。又有它不够全面的地方，所以对这个看法要采取“一分为二”的方法进行分析，肯定其有益的一面，否定其有害的一面，从中总结出正确的论点来。只有这样才能对这一说法作出合乎事实的评价，最终达到以理服人的目的。2、运用“一分为二”的方法进行分析，要防止出这样一个毛病：自相矛盾。一会儿说开卷有益，一会儿说开卷有害，令人不知所云。为了避免这种现象，文章中还要将二者的联系点明，才算把道理真正说透。3、从论证方法看，如果所读的书是坏书，则开卷未必有益，这里可以采取例证法，并辅之以引证法和喻证法，用前几年社会上黄书泛滥成灾毒害青少年作为事实论据，用名人名言作为理论论据，充分论证黄书的害处和读好书的益处。在此基础上，再把这两者辩正地统一起来。说明我们中学生既要多读书，又要慎重地加以选择、读好书。这样从正反两方面进行论证，就将问题说得比较全面而深刻，文章也就具有了不可辩驳的逻辑力量。导思：这是一篇给材料作文。该题虽然规定了作文题目，但仍给学生思维留下了很大的空间，从文体来看，写议论文是最好的选择。学生可以从是非观、处世态度、治学精神等方面谈自己的看法，阐述自己的见解和主张。要写好议论文，必须做好以下三点：1、确定论点。根据命题提供的材料，可从不同角度提炼出诸多观点，但短短600字的文章不可能面面俱到。因此，一定要选准一个论点充分论证。2、选好论据。论据能起到充分证明论点的作用，论据选择要遵循两个原则：①真实确凿，不能有虚假成分；②具有典型性，有说服力，才能发挥更大的作用。3、组织好论证结构。最常用的结构一般为“提出问题（引论）——分析问题（本论）——解决问题（结论）”。

有关彝族文化的论文范文英语版

肯定有区别的呀 、、、。。

nai yi "double tiger sheng" artistic characteristicsYi is a nation who， which they call "luo luo luo luo"， "yi" is the Yi's ancestors long ago lived in the mountains， in order not to be attacked， the Wolf python's ancestors of the boa acted as the tiger， Wolf and scared yi will worship the tiger， tiger， they as his clan， and that is the symbol of the nation in history， the tiger in the long river of them with own wisdom creates a unique charm of the tiger totem worship dances - "tiger sheng" It is called by experts and scholars at home and abroad ZhenCun exorcising nuo culture "， "yi" living fossil "and a" living fossil "tiger Artistic characteristicstics艺术特点

Sichuan Yi leave， only in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture， according to the provisions of the "Regulations on the exercise of autonomy" in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture， the calendar year of November 20th for "Yi"， a holiday for 3 According to the Liangshan people's Government OfficeThe "notice on 2016 part of the holiday" (cool house letter 2015 N 355) the provisions of this year， Liangshan Yi leave since November 20th to 26 vacation days off， a total of 7 On Saturday， November 19th ()， 27 (Sunday)Autonomy regulations of Liangshan Yi Autonomous PrefectureThe Seventy-eighth organs of self-government respect the traditional festivals of various nationalities， and encourage the development of festival activities conducive to the unity of the The calendar year October 1st is the anniversary of the founding of the Autonomous Prefecture， a day The 24th day of the sixth month of the Chinese lunar calendar is the traditional festival of the Yi People's traditional festival， "Torch Festival"， leave three The calendar year November 20th is "Yi"， three days 四川彝族年假，仅限于凉山彝族自治州实施，根据《凉山彝族自治州自治条例》的规定，每年公历的十一月二十日为“彝族年”，放假3天。根据凉山州人民政府办公室《关于2016年部分节假日安排的通知》（凉府办函〔2015〕355号）的规定，今年凉山州彝族年假自11月20日至26日放假调休，共7天。11月19日（星期六）、27日（星期日）上班。《凉山彝族自治州自治条例》第七十八条自治机关尊重各民族的传统节日，鼓励开展有利于民族团结的节庆活动。每年公历十月一日是自治州成立纪念日，休假一天。每年农历六月二十四日是彝族传统节日“火把节”，休假三天。每年公历十一月二十日是“彝族年”，休假三天。

有关满族文化的论文范文英语翻译

用有道翻译，或者去英语吧提问吧，那里人才多！

满族是一个不同于原始民族的复杂民族，其文化模式是与原始民族文化模式不同的，是一种复杂的社会观念体系，从中我们能体会和发现满族的思维方式、行为心理、价值观念和思想理论。《满族文化模式》（manju uksura i ?u wen i muru）共分八章，其中包含的主要观点如下：1）满族家庭的住宅结构、房间配置和环境的特点，对满族人的行为方式、心理意识、价值观念有很大影响，在这样的环境中，满族形成了重视群体的意识、内外有别意识、卫生意识、社会开放心理、公共监督意识、包容与吸纳心理。满族家庭属于父系制家庭，在对家庭成员的资格认同上，主要强调血缘的共同性，但也不排除共同生活的“场”，在父母在世时，嫁出去的女儿的家庭成员身份没有完全丧失。在满族家庭中，妻子常常居于主导地位，父母重长更重少，重男不轻女，儿子或儿媳也会成为父子联合家庭里的一家之长。满族尊敬老人，注重孝道，但父母之爱并非对子女全程服务，子女孝行与父母之爱相挂钩。清代满族人将忠孝结合，忠高于孝，守法爱民即为孝，愚孝不为孝。儿子成家即分出单过，谁养老谁继承遗产。满族人通过婚嫁的方式解决青春期问题，满族的政府积极帮助国人成家立业，宣布婚姻自由原则。满族注重保护孕妇和婴儿，对幼儿养育有强制束缚的一面。他们认为儿童不同于成人，有待于成熟，到了该管教的年龄才可管教。满族教养儿童注重德育；强调亲属集团的重要性，但也鼓励孩子静处和自我控制；依据儿童的不同性格来教管儿童；采取“习得式”和“参与式”来实现儿童的社会化。满族创世神话对人类起源的看法，不回避性，但采取了隐喻的形式表达生育，对性的表达比较含蓄。满族妇女有严重的性嫉妒心理。满族把性限制在婚姻和夜晚之内，性行为不应影响工作，夫妻行为不能妨碍别人的行动和观瞻。 　　（2）满族的家族制度以宗亲为中心，注重姻亲，具有一定的双系制亲属制度的特点，并对东北社会民间“亲族”制度产生重大影响。满族的父系家族亲属称谓有八个亲等（jalan），对母系亲属的称谓有五个亲等，直系与旁系亲属称谓有明显的区别，无错位现象，没有抢婚和赘婿婚俗的痕迹，但姑舅亲、两姨亲称谓区分不严。史禄国（SMShirokogoroff）在Social Organization of the Manchus——A Study of the Manchu Clan Organization中记录的许多满族亲属称谓是间接称谓，不是直接称谓。满族的宗族成员的身份是明确的，但又有时间和空间的限制，并非漫无边际。满族同宗个体家庭之间是平等的，宗族组织不发达，功能不全，人们主要祭拜近祖，因此宗族的凝聚性和团结心不强，关注组织生活超过缔结宗族集团，易于入乡随俗，牺牲本族文化。 　　（3）女真-满族历史上最有影响的非亲属组织，是金代的猛安谋克、清代的八旗牛录组织，对女真-满族人的行为和心理意识打上了深深的烙印，成为满族缔结社会团体的重要文化心理基础。女真-满族人缔结“猛安谋克”及“八旗牛录”遵循“亲属-邻里-契约-命令”原则，这种非亲属组织能融亲属集团与非亲属集团于一体。在发展社会经济过程中，满族人应充分利用传统的组织文化资源。 　　（4）满族的民族认同意识体现为对满族的历史、传说、神话、民族始祖、民族习俗、八旗历史、民族象征、民族生活方式等方面的认同上。这种认同意识是有层次性的，有人认同满洲，有人认同旗人，有人认同女真。在乾隆皇帝整顿旗务以后，将旗人等同于满洲人的新的满洲观开始形成。讲北京话、东北话成为满族新的民族特征。满族人心直口快，性情刚烈，具有组织本位意识、级别意识和注重功绩的意识，重名声和面子，有尚武精神，喜好引进外族文化，长于民族联合和统一战线。在长期政治实践中，形成了大国意识和大中国观。

In the feudal society of China， centralized and autocratic monarchy throughout the feudal The Qing Dynasty， in order to force in the world， the unification of the whole country， but in the central power， the forces and the administrative agencies in order to compete for power struggle， but no matter how the king and the mechanism for power， eventually return to the imperial Why is this so? The author embarks from the contradictions between the Manchu rivalries and Han officials of Qing nobility， that the power struggle is the basic reason for the development of imperial power in the mess， and the contradiction between the intensification of Han officials， is to urge the emperor Shunzhi to reform， will direct factors of imperial power