雾都孤儿论文研究内容

雾都孤儿论文研究内容

前一段时间看了<雾都孤儿>这部电影,也许是看过原著的关系,我觉得这部电影并不是很好,过于简略.电影整体的人物的选择还是非常的好的,非常的符合原著的风格,但是整个的故事的梗概不是太好的,一些奥利弗的身世中很重要的人物没有提及,而且奥利弗的扑朔迷离的身世也没有体现出来.整个故事情节显得不连续.但是,既然可以拍出来让大家看也是很好的啊. 故事发生在19世纪30年代的英国，在一个寒风料峭的深夜，一个男婴刚在贫民区里呱呱坠地，苦命的母亲便撒手人寰。谁也不知道产妇的身份，男婴由此成了无名孤儿。后来他被当地教会收养，抚养他的女管事给他起名奥利弗&S226;忒斯特。 奥利弗(巴尼&S226;克拉克饰)9岁时，由于没人供养他上学读书，于是进了济贫院的童工作坊，每天从事繁重的体力劳动。因为奥利弗既不会耍滑偷懒，也不会阿谀奉承，所以经常受到管事的打骂。这些正在发育的孩子们终日衣不遮体、食不裹腹，万般无奈下，他们决定抽签选定提出加粥的人选，结果抽中的正是奥利弗。晚餐时，奥利弗如实提出了要求，大惊失色的管事决定撵走这个造反的隐患。 不过幸运的是，奥利弗终于没能成为打扫烟囱的小工，而是被殡仪馆老板索尔比利相中，成了他用五英镑买来的学徒。循规蹈矩的奥利弗很快得到老板夫妇的器重，却也遭到了年长学徒诺尔的嫉妒。诺尔取笑奥利弗死去的母亲，奥利弗忍无可忍大打出手，后来却被老板误解，遭到毒打。一气之下，奥利弗含恨出走，奔向远方的雾都伦敦。 在伦敦郊区，饥寒交迫的奥利弗遇到了阿特福，阿特福不仅为他提供了栖身之处，还将他引荐给一个叫费金的人(本&S226;金斯利饰)。天真无邪的奥利弗还蒙在鼓里，他住的地方其实是个贼窝，这些孩子都被当作犯罪工具，而费金正是他们的“教父”。 一天，奥利弗和阿特福等人一起上街，阿特福行窃时意外败露，混乱中，奥利弗被人当作小偷抓进了警局。幸亏一位书店老板证明了奥利弗的无辜，而被偷的富翁布朗罗也心生爱怜，于是将奥利弗接到了家中。 费金和同伙西克(杰米&S226;福尔曼饰)并未善罢甘休，趁奥利弗外出买书之际将其绑架，而布朗罗则误以为小男孩携款潜逃，心中失望不已。又回到贼巢的的奥利弗在费金的哄下道出了布朗罗家的境况，并被西克胁迫前去抢劫。虽然抢劫被成功阻止，但奥利弗却被冷枪击中，正当西克准备将他抛进河中之际，同行的托比救下了奥利弗。 险恶叵测的西克依然鼓动费金除掉奥利弗以绝后患，而他的女友南茜则试图保护奥利弗，并和布朗罗取得联系，希望帮无辜的奥利弗逃出魔窟。孰料，南茜的意图已被费金察觉，不久便被西克残忍的杀害。 警方很快对西克和费金展开抓捕，逃跑中，西克不慎丧命，费金最终被绳之以法。不久，布朗罗带着奥利弗探望狱中的费金，尽管经历了种种费金造就的不幸，而善良的奥利弗却仍在心底默默为他祈祷…… 从狄更斯的原著出发，我么还可以看到整个故事就像伦敦城内多年不散的浓雾般溢满了沉郁的气息，下层穷苦人民的命运被时代和少数衣冠楚楚、道貌岸然的上层人玩弄于股掌之中，而下层人之间却少有相互的关心、扶助，多的是相互利用、迫害…… 而对于波兰斯基的这部电影来说，它要面对的是当今天下的孩子们，必须有全新的元素出现。同样身为大师级人物的罗曼·波兰斯基对于该片的重新定位使得其将会成为一部多姿多彩的育教于乐青少年影片，添加娱乐的因素是当今很多人乐此不疲的事情，但是原著的精神气质绝不能抛弃。于是，"让青少年接受一次'现实'的再教育"成了罗曼·波兰斯基这部2005年版《雾都孤儿》所宣扬的主旋律。 绝大多数由文学名著改编的电影均能获得不小的成功，且从商业角度看也有着不小的契机，这一点众人皆知。因为人们接触文学著作在先，而且著作中的字里行间要给人更加广阔的想像空间。而电影这种艺术形式只是通过卷卷的菲林，并在一两个小时内要表现出庞大的内容自然是有着不小的难度，而且选择与原著形象切合的演员也是千载难逢、万里选一。所以要拍摄这样一部电影，对于导演自身和众演员们的功力都是一个严峻的考验。相信，有着丰富阅历和资深导演功底的波兰斯基完全可以驾驭这部名著的走向，在金秋带给孩子们以及众多喜欢这部名著的"大孩子们"以别样的文化感受。 名著经常是电影人们关注的焦点之一。自今，已经有近二十个电影半版面世。其中最经典的要属1948年大卫·连恩执导的版本。尽管1968年也有一部与小说同名的音乐类型，但由于其演绎得过于离谱，它并未被归入这部名著改编作品之列。细数从头。最早将这部名著搬上大银幕的并非英伦本土人士，而是大洋彼岸的美国人。尽管当时电影世界尚处在默片时代，好莱坞也尚无太大号召力。但那时的人们已经懂得将现成的名著改编成剧本排成电影示人。于是，1909年便成了《雾都孤儿》这部名著首次以不同于书本的形式示人的年代。年后的1912年。觉醒的英国人也随即拍摄出了自己的《雾都孤儿》电影，以不甘落后于新兴的美国人。 此后的1916年、1920年、1922年和1933年，名著《雾都孤儿》几乎成了电影院的常客，屡次被众多导演和电影人们搬上大银幕。直到1948年，英国人这一次正八经地将《雾都孤儿》好好地拍成了一部经典的电影作品，也成为至今《雾都孤儿》所有影视版本中最为典范的一个。此后的几十年里屡有《雾都孤儿》的影视作品面世，但这其中，要么是出于商业考量的快餐类型，要么是胡乱袭雅的糟烂作品，很少有值得一提之作。 到了二十一世纪的今天，商业味道横行的电影世界，同样经历过好莱坞商业味熏陶的欧洲大师级导演，罗曼·波兰斯基重又拾起这本名著，欲将其以全新的角度展开示人，颇值得期待。纵观近百年来，《雾都孤儿》可谓是伴随着电影这类年轻艺术一同成长，经历了从默片到有声，从黑白到彩色，从传统拍摄到各种特技在电影中的广泛运用的一切一切。新世纪的到来，也预示着本本名著也即将迎来新生。稍远的有2004年的《威尼斯商人》，近的有今年的《傲慢与偏见》，都成了《雾都孤儿》强有力的帮手。愿经典名著在那些有识之士的手中重焕光辉。 罗曼·波兰斯基在2004年3月接受采访的时候谈到自己创作这部影片的动机："我去年休息的时候经常和我的孩子们在一起玩，而就在那时候我想到我可能应该为孩子们拍摄一部属于他们的电影。接着我逐个回忆自己在小时候最爱看的书，最后留在我脑海里的就是这本《雾都孤儿》。"可见，波兰斯基欲拍此片虽有些突发其想的味道，也是受他两个儿子的启发。但影片源自名著，前面又有经典电影的压力，要想有所突破，实在很难，也需要莫大的勇气。 这位从美国流亡到欧洲的导演看中了曾经被翻拍了数次的《雾都孤儿》，波兰斯基表示要把英国大文豪狄更斯笔下的这个故事改编成一部多彩多姿的青少年娱乐片。狂人波兰斯基此次不敢篡改狄更斯原著现实主义的精髓，但他在片中会更注重表现狄更斯不时蹦出的冷幽默以及骨子里向上的气息，让青少年经历一次光明的教育。主意已定，于是波兰斯基便率领众人开始了影片紧张的制作阶段。最终，波兰斯基选中了文化氛围稍显凝重的中欧--捷克共和国首都布拉格开机。但是为了尊重原著的风格，演员阵容是清一色的选择了英伦三岛的影星。 片中扮演"雾都孤儿"奥立佛的是非常有表演天赋的年仅10岁的小演员邦尼·克拉克，而贼窝的领头人法根则由老牌影星本·金斯利担纲。好莱坞为数不多的几位英国演技演员当中就有本·金斯利的名字，因他出色地演绎了印度英雄人物"甘地"，而一跃成为奥斯卡影帝，他也成为了第一位有印度血统的奥斯卡影帝。而在《巴格西》及《性感野兽》中的精彩表演则为他赢得了两届奥斯卡奖最佳男配角提名。这位手捧奥斯卡小金人的老戏骨出演大反派，也称得上是影片的一大看点。 本片于从2004年7月正式开机，在当地的巴兰多夫制片厂仿照英国伦敦上个世纪的城市面貌搭建了一个巨大的城市外景。波兰斯基对此也是兴奋异常，"基本上我在世界各地的制片厂都工作过，那里有很多优秀的工作人员和先进的设备，但，这儿给我的感觉是最棒的，很少有地方能像这里一样，能在同一天里在专业摄影棚和露天片场同时拍摄。 可以说曾经阴暗过的中欧重镇布拉格给了这部电影"孳生的温床"，这里的一切都令这位波兰导演十分满意，除了片场的种种硬件，就连这里文化氛围在经过了些许的加工之后完全适合影片的拍摄。另外，聪明的罗曼·波兰斯基更是看中了这里便宜的价格，为整部电影的成型提供了很大的发挥空间。谈到影片的制作班底，都是老波兰斯基的旧友搭档：曾经编写过《钢琴师》的罗纳尔·哈伍德的再次归来，为了这部名著的剧本改编工作煞费苦心。而在本片的幕后，依然还有众多《钢琴师》的原班人马，其中也包括了包括摄影师鲍威尔·艾德尔曼，服装设计安娜·谢帕德，布景设计艾伦·斯塔尔斯基以及剪辑师赫夫·德·鲁茨。尤其是布景师斯塔尔斯基，他在波兰和布拉格等地都曾创造出了令人瞠目的19世纪风貌的伦敦街道。影片将在这里完成为期4个多月的外景拍摄，最后是按部就班的后期制作。总耗资达到了六千万美元，对于这样一部标准的剧情片，可谓投资方的一大手笔。影片的制片人罗伯特·本姆萨将本片描绘成是一个非常巨大的"文化工程"，他解释说："影片的前期制作整整花费了两年的时间，对于参与这部影片的所有人都倾注了巨大的心血。之前曾创造出了充满激情和震撼力作品《钢琴师》的罗曼·波兰斯基将再度向世人展示他的大师之手。而这一次，他也更希望能够为观众奉献出一部简单、轻松而又充满教育意义的电影。" 《雾都孤儿》依然延续了先前《钢琴家》的成功运作方式，秉承"完全欧化"的原则，由英国、法国和捷克联合出品，工作人员和拍摄所需资金全部来自欧洲，只有发行环节允许"外人"介入--美国哥伦比亚三星公司将为此片率先在北美地区做工作。参考资料：

英国文豪狄更斯的代表作《奥立弗·退斯特》曾多次搬上银幕，本版是公认的最佳版本。整部影片没有一个薄弱环节。最早的1922年版本是默片；1933年版的小演员才七岁，可信度不高；1982年的版本由著名的乔治·斯各特演费根，总体水平较高；1985年改编成333分钟的电视连续剧；1997年的版本中，伊利亚·伍德扮演主角的朋友；2000年版电视连续剧比较着重背景故事；1968年的歌舞版也很出色，获当年度奥斯卡最佳影片。

The work of the protagonist Oliver is an orphan, and grew up in the courtyard of the poor relief, others have been subject to discrimination. Because the extremely ill-treatment and fled to London, into Zeiwo, called by the beating, growing up, I do not know how much to eat suffered. While growing up in such an environment, but there is a Buddha Orie good heart, no matter by how much pain he did not want to do bad things is the greatest determination. He was Shouen people will never forget can not thank the benefactor. Although he is subject to a number of well-intentioned people and the sympathy of the adoption, such as Bulang Lu President, Lennart Meri wife, but the thieves, the group still did not miss him, and his half-brother also wish to kill him. Oliver's fate is tragic, but he's also been well-intentioned people to help identify his life, and the heritage. He has been the fate of the final change is expected to become a useful person to society. This works in Orie wrote at the beginning of the Buddha in relief of the poor house, in Charles Dickens described the living conditions of the poor house when a very ironic way: "Every child has a bowl of thin gruel, and that can not be increased only once To important public holiday, with the exception of a bowl of porridge outside in order to increase two and a quarter ounces of bread. They do not need to eat the Zhou Wan never wash, the children always scraping bowl of the spoon sauce residue has been driven Zeng Ming-Liang Shuo bowl. Scraping bowl of the matter is completed, they sit there and stare at large Tongguo helplessly, as if they are able to block a piece of brick stoves have to swallow it. This is a heinous and Tian Zhao They also own and finger , Ba Wangzhe a splash a few drops from child star to porridge. "Can be seen from the lives of those orphans how poverty, hunger throughout the day in the state, and no hope of Tianzhao his little finger, Bawang Zhao splash over the Congee child stars. One can imagine the children's life is very tragic, and Orie on the Buddha in such an environment. It is in the form of novels by Dickens to reflect the dark reality of the society and capitalist society under the lives of people of how poverty, poor life as works written by the same. Charles, known as the Victorian age eyes, because the novel in the form of the observed things with the novel in the form of re-emerged. That is why this works is the content of the true reflection of society at that time, and I think that the author describes the relief of the poor orphans living with a very vivid image of the language, a sharp way to expose the community The dark. Dickens wrote in the book a few years ago, the British Parliament adopted a new method of relief, cancellation of poor relief, but the poor directly to the port to house the poor relief. Dickens described the relief of the poor house at the time of poor relief is a true portrayal of the hospital. Poor relief in the hospital in no democracy, no freedom, only to be abused, hungry cold, a Mianhuangjishou months, fell to the ground at all times as likely to die, and the Diocese of those officers, those who Explorer, but eat a fat Head of the brain fertilizer, the full spirit. Dickens works in the hospital for the poor relief vivid description is a reflection of social problems. Some people think Charles Dickens's works this is a serious literary works, it works because it made a deep social problems, social development and progress is of great historical significance. In this work successfully in Dickens depicts a series of characters, such as the Diocese of General bampur, thieves old man and head of the Jewish charity school students Noah, the bandit Powu Monks, and so on. Did not have to portray a lifelike, life-like image. However, the most successful works portray the character or the protagonist Oliver and the woman stole Nancy. Oliver was born with a moral people, know how to map Temple has been reported. He ate a lot a lot of suffering, but in the end, finally met a good man. Whether Bulang Lu President, Lennart Meri, or his wife or Miss Meri, Orie Fodu treated as ordinary family, even though he is a "thief" who are sympathetic to him, his adoption, and that he receive a good education, and finally get Qing his life, his legacy fight back. Oliver described the events of all, I admire the most is the sixth chapter say when he was struggling to resist mocking the incident, as the authors put it, "On the surface I have described is not so small Important, but in fact he was Oliver's future development and are indirectly affected, and has had a major change. "Oliver in the poor house while growing up, there will be no freedom itself, to be disposal, but he A very strong self-esteem, Noah in the face of personal attacks, he was extremely excited. Noah and because of Oliver's mother died of a vicious insult to his indignation, blood boiling. "He immediately jumped up, an overturned the tables and chairs, and then Noah caught the pipe, to exhaust the body's effort to shake in fury of Noah, Noah has been a bit of teeth chattered issue of noise, and then He gathered together a whole body of Noah's efforts to blow hard, straight knocked him to the ground. "Oliver reaction puzzled me, common sense, he has been a quiet, modest, though by non - Who has abused a dejected from the juvenile Gan unlucky, but at the moment cohesion of the whole body strength Noah beat. What is the strength of his courage to make such a decision, perhaps it should not be "decided" it, a strong sense of anger so that he has lost his reason, he does not allow other people to his mother in the slightest insulting. While Oliver's mother, his memory, the memory never know his mother look like. However, the mother has been accompanied by a sense of respect for him. So, when Noah insult his mother, Oliver showed no emotion before. The incident was the result of Oliver was beaten up and detained. Charles Dickens wrote in the details below, not only for paving the way, but also a deeper portrait of the heroine works Oliver's image, in order to safeguard the dignity of the mother, just go ahead Many scholars think that works in a portrait of the most successful characters is Nancy, while Oliver to work for the main character, but from the social psychology and psychoanalysis point of view, the role of Nancy greater practical significance. Nancy is a psychological complex young women, from childhood growing up in the Group of thieves, no one knew her life, she entered the post-Zeiwo did not have any good people, of course, the final Bulang Lu also met with President Lennart Meri and Miss But then it was too late. Finally, her tragic death at the hands of the bandits Sykes, her fate is tragic, as in the real world into a triad of orphans after the end of the same. Nancy seen through the group of thieves all the ugly things, that her aversion treacherous, vicious, ruthless cruelty, inhuman things, but she is also the Group of thieves have a certain feeling, and want to leave. She has sympathy for Oliver, as for their treatment as his younger brother, in times of crisis to disregard their own safety to come forward and saved him, but he will have to personally Oliver thieves onto the road. She envied culture and education, the warmth of the family women, but because of her own humble status Yingshang Qu dare not, dare not wish for such a happy life. She is the heart of the conflict, when Bulang Lu and President Lennart Meri Miss advised her to leave the Group of thieves over a new leaf, she refused their offers of help, although she had a yearning for this kind of life. Nancy contradictions from her in to see if the original: "I do not want to do it! I do not want to do it! Though he is the devil, and he even told me yet more vicious than the devil, but I do not want to do ... then another ... One reason is that his life of crime is life, I am also live in sin, we are together for many years to live such a life, so I can not betray them, not to mention some of them may have betrayed me, but They did not sell out, even though they are bad people. "Her inner conflict is real, in line with the general psychological normal. There are a lot of female juvenile offenders, once on the wrong may be similar to that of Nancy ideological contradictions: both want to leave the crime associates also want to leave. Although Nancy Sykes hated doing, but he can not do without, it was of the view that Nancy is not reasonable, but in any case, her actions are all true. Psychological and ideological problems is in itself a complex issue as it is not possible to use simple methods can be resolved. Nancy Oliver, and this is the work of the two most representative figure, which is undeniable. Dickens portrayed in these two figures also spent a wonderful way. However, I would like to talk about is the image of another person Monks. Monks is Oliver's half-brother, who was extremely cruel, to be his brother's property destroyed at the expense of their own younger brother. I think Charles Monks at the describing the act when a clever arrangement. Monks and the role is a reflection of society at that time some of the children of the nobility EXILE. Monks is a smart, he knows how to ease access to his brother's property. Monks at the Dickens portrayed the characters can be on step-by-step. First of all, Monks is to look at the class when Mr. Bull appeared, the first author of the text did not mention him, so I read in class, Mr. Bull to meet the guests unfamiliar with the plot, on intuition told me that this works The plot will reach another climax. The mysterious people coming out, is scheduled to have a good, but I did not expect this so-called mystery is who would be Oliver's brother, but did not expect the paper after he had played such an important role. Charles gave the Monks "smart" in mind, set up a seamless clothing plans, and the Monks in the implementation of this plan are not thieves with Lin Yu co-leader of the Jewish old man, can be called up for the purpose of the unscrupulous. Finally, the plan is brought to light, Monks also ended in defeat. I think the Charles Oliver's brother wrote a greedy, ruthless, shameless, on the one hand, the work can culminate in the story, on the other hand, fully demonstrated the reality of society in order to achieve the purpose of the fire regardless of the tragic family Phenomenon. The author of this sharp touch of irony at the time the fire agency, while at the same time want to wake up those sad people, they wake up the conscience and consciousness, to awaken the consciousness of all the people. After reading the novel, I was not quiet for a long time. Oliver is a strong, kind-hearted, intelligent and brave and innocent boy, but experienced a difficult life, the ultimate storm, ushered in a happy life. And we are now living in the honey tank in Waterloo-fu, has often complained that always satisfied. But we have thought about, there are many poor children, are faced with the loss of loved ones, vagrancy of life, perhaps in the face of dropping out of school and the plight of the hungry. They are filled with love of life, looking forward to a bright classrooms, a yearning for delicious food or warm clothing. In the face of these eager children live in poverty, we can turn a blind eye to it? Can not stand idly by? When I read Dickens to write about the lives of the poor orphan house, my mind flashed always saw on television pictures of refugees in Africa. The old social life of the poor are poor, hungry cold it is not unusual things, and in the 21st century, in this era of civilization, hunger, fear, the cold remains. In that Oliver had been abused, beaten by the circumstances, and when I do not think of the often seen in the streets and show those begging children. These shabby heard that the children into a gang is organized, whether it be money or show has been begging for money, hard or stolen money, but also turned over to their "head." This is the civilized society? The fate of the children, their lives, and works of Charles Dickens orphan Oliver's life, what difference does? Oliver is lucky, good people can encounter. But in reality those organizations into the unknown children, their fate will be how well-intentioned people can encounter it? I do not think so, they may be ending as it works in Nancy, or died of starvation and disease. This is the so-called civilized society, the inevitable result. The more social progress, the more human civilization, and those bad elements are, the more furious, and unfortunately into the hands of their children, the more tragic fate. Therefore, we need love to help those in the midst of the people to help them out, ushering in a happy life. The works I think of many real-life scenarios, I touch on a lot. Now, I'd like to go back to Dickens's art and writing in order to charm. Dickens is the Victorian representative of the critical realism, written in the book when he was a youth, when he hopes to use his novel of social reform, but his community is not enough understanding of the profound, at the time of the ruling class also With the hope of a better place. In this work also reflects his idea. Under normal circumstances, the best realism in the novel, the story is often in a specific environment under the action of the history of the development of character, that is, Gorky said "some kind of character typical of the history and composition of growth." However, Charles Dickens, his informal set of any cell, the number of coincidence want to arrange the number of coincidence. If Oliver for the first time with the thieves took to the streets to be out of pocket, he is a friend of his late father before his death, Mr. Bulang Lu; thieves in his second head hostage Sikes under the burglary of the stolen happens to be his pro-aunt Ruth Merritt family; Also, due to his messenger haste to go and hit those who have the means哥哥蒙克斯him, and the Monks are let in the collision, he is looking for his brother. This is a series of coincidence in the sense just can not be justified in any case, however, Dickens's own rich imagination and clever idea, in the specific circumstances described in the breath of life and full of passion, so that readers can not breathe when reading a tension , That would have been far-fetched, unnatural circumstances has no choice but to believe, and have a great interest in this, can not wait to read down. This is the art of Dickens World charm. In addition, from a political perspective, this work made orphans of the social status of this very real problem, and, as well as the issue directly related to the issue of the quality of officials, community organizations, as well as a number of law in all sectors of the people's psychological tendencies And a long mental illness issues. Dickens has pointed out that one of these problems, but he thought of a way to solve these problems is not realistic. This is because the youth of his community not to understand the profound. With his wealth of experience of society, the society is also a deeper understanding of his ideas are slowly maturing, which, in his later works will be able to be reflected. Charles to use his vast and profound language to give the reader sometimes laughing, sometimes knowing smile, they are sometimes shed tears of laughter or pain and numbness of helpless laughter. However, no matter what kind of laughter, given all the capitalist society of endless irony.

关于狄更斯和他的小说艺术,心里早有一些想法,趁写这篇前言之便,说出来,就正于广大狄更斯爱好者. 《雾都孤儿》是狄更斯第二部长篇小说.这位年仅二十五岁的小说家决心学习英国现实主义画家威廉·荷加斯(William Hogarth,1697一1764)的榜样,勇敢地直面人生,真实地表现当时伦敦贫民窟的悲惨生活.他抱着一个崇高的道德意图:抗议社会的不公,并唤起社会舆论,推行改革,使处于水深火热中的贫民得到救助.正因为如此,狄更斯历来被我国及前苏联学者界定为"英国文学上批判现实主义的创始人和最伟大的代表".对此,我有一些不同的见解:文学艺术是一种特殊的社会意识形态,它必然是社会存在的反映.但是,我们决不能把反映现实的文学都说成是现实主义文学,把"现实主义"的外延无限扩展.事实上,作家运用的创作方法多种多样,因人而异,这和作家的特殊气质和性格特点密切相关.狄更斯的创作,想像力极为丰富,充满诗的激情,他着意渲染自己的道德理想,处处突破自然的忠实临摹,借用一句歌德的话:它比自然高了一层.这和萨克雷,特洛罗普等坚持的客观.冷静,严格写实的方法有显著的区别. 试以《雾都孤儿》为例,(一)个性化的语言是狄更斯在人物塑造上运用得十分出色的一种手段.书中的流氓,盗贼,妓女的语言都切合其身份,甚至还用了行业的黑话.然而,狄更斯决不作自然主义的再现,而是进行加工,提炼和选择,避免使用污秽,下流的话语.主人公奥立弗语言规范,谈吐文雅,他甚至不知偷窃为何物.他是在济贫院长大的孤儿,从未受到良好的教育,所接触的都是罪恶累累,堕落不堪之辈,他怎么会讲这么好的英文呢?这用"人是一切社会关系总和"的历史唯物主义观点是无法解释的.可见,狄更斯着力表现的是自己的道德理想,而不是追求完全的逼真.(二)在优秀的现实主义小说中,故事情节往往是在环境作用下的人物性格发展史,即高尔基所说的"某种性格,典型的成长和构成的历史".然而,狄更斯不拘任何格套,想要多少巧合就安排多少巧合.奥立弗第一次跟小偷上街,被掏兜的第一人恰巧就是他亡父的好友布朗罗.第二次,他在匪徒赛克斯的劫持下入室行窃,被偷的恰好是他亲姨妈露丝·梅莱家.这在情理上无论如何是说不过去的.但狄更斯自有天大的本领,在具体的细节描写中充满生活气息和激情,使你读时紧张得喘不过气来,对这种本来是牵强的,不自然的情节也不得不信以为真.这就是狄更斯的艺术世界的魅力.(三)狄更斯写作时,始终有一种"感同身受的想象力"(Sympathetic imagination),即使对十恶不赦的人物也一样.书中贼首,老犹太费金受审的一场始终从费金的心理视角出发.他从天花板看到地板,只见重重叠叠的眼睛都在注视着自己.他听到对他罪行的陈述报告,他把恳求的目光转向律师,希望能为他辩护几句.人群中有人在吃东西,有人用手绢扇风,还有一名青年画家在画他的素描,他心想:不知道像不像,真想伸过脖子去看一看……一位绅士出去又进来,他想:准是吃饭去了,不知吃的什么饭?看到铁栏杆上有尖刺,他琢磨着:这很容易折断.从此又想到绞刑架,这时,他听到自己被处绞刑.他只是喃喃地说,自己岁数大了,大了,接着就什么声音也发不出来了.在这里,狄更斯精心选择了一系列细节,不但描绘了客观事物,而且切入了人物的内心世界,表现了他极其丰富的想像力.他运用的艺术方法,不是"批判现实主义"所能概括的.我倒是赞赏英国作家,狄更斯专家乔治·吉辛(George Giss-ing,1857-1903)的表述,他把狄更斯的创作方法称为"浪漫的现实主义"(romantic realism).我认为这一表述才够准确,才符合狄更斯小说艺术的实际. 最后还要讨论一下.福斯特在他的名著《小说面面观》中对狄更斯人物塑造的贬低.据他说,狄更斯只会塑造"扁形人物",而不会塑造"浑圆人物",在小说艺术上属于"较低层次".事实真是这样吗?试以《雾都孤儿》中的南希为例,作一番研究分析.我认为,南希这个人物有无比丰富,复杂的内心世界,远比.福斯特所称羡的一切"浑圆人物"更富于立体感和活跃的生命力.南希是个不幸的姑娘,自幼沦落贼窟,并已成为第二号贼首赛克斯的情妇.除了绞架,她看不到任何别的前景.但是,她天良未泯,在天真纯洁的奥立弗,看到往日清白的自己,同情之心油然而生.她连奉贼首之命,冒称是奥立弗的姐姐,硬把他绑架回贼窟时,内心充满矛盾.归途中,她和赛克斯谈起监狱绞死犯人的事,奥立弗感觉到南希紧攥着他的那只手在发抖,抬眼一看,她的脸色变得煞白.后来,她冒着生命的危险偷偷地给梅莱小姐和布朗罗通风报信,终于把奥立弗救了出来.梅莱和布朗罗力劝南希挣脱过去的生活,走上新生之路,但南希不忍心把情人赛克斯撇下.赛克斯在得知南希所作所为后,他只能持盗匪的道德标准,把南希视为不可饶恕的叛徒,亲手把她残酷地杀害.狄更斯在给这两个人物取名时是有很深的用意的,南希(Nancy)和赛克斯(Sikes)英文缩写是N和S,正是磁针的两极.他俩构成一对矛盾,既对立又统一,既相反又相成,永远不可分离.南希离不开赛克斯,宁愿被他杀害也不肯抛弃他;而赛克斯也离不开南希,一旦失去她,他就丧魂失魄,终于在房顶跌落,脖子被自己的一条绳子的活扣套住而气绝身死.南希的形象复杂,丰富又深刻,不但不是"扁平"的,而且达到极高的艺术成就. 狄更斯的小说经得起各种现代批评理论的发掘和阐释,不断产生发人深省的新意,将永久保持读者的鉴赏兴趣和专家们的研究兴趣

雾都孤儿论文

《David ·section wave 》BE 19 century England criticize realism master more of a representative the novel which has a strong autobiography color, more the use "the history and experience of little David's oneself", never little aspect review and tallied up own living road, reflected his life philosophy and morals article passes host the joys and sorrows of male David's whole life, announcing to public multi-layerly at that time a social true feature, outstanding earth's surface now money's corrosion to the marriage, family and the society of the formations of a series tragedy are what money causeses in the virtuous the mother who cheat to marry David is a her property;Loving the's eloping is through can not stand peculiarly come-on;The gram is a pain and sufferings, the despair of the sea isn't the bad result that the money results in mean mean person's hopings also in the money to lure a next move to tread the degenerative, coming to a shameful end of imprisonment for life the is setting out from the thought of humanitarianism, exposing the crime of money, uncovering the beautiful purdah of"Victoria peaceful times" thus, presenting to conceal afterward social true in the person up, David ·section wave the poured into the author's all strenuous efforts his orphan in spite of, ages suffer of various whet difficult and sad, be still he struggles unyieldingly after becoming adult, all expressing a small pota to look for the painful process of exit in the capitalism greatly bitter and big and difficult taste David of[with] the human life happiness and the warmth behind, what to depend is he sincerity, keep a rate of character, actively heading up of spirit, and to the heart of the person's clean and pure friendly is also the ideal female whom the author puts forth effort to current and outside beautiful looks, and then have endocentric virtue, since the fortitude and resilience doesn't pull out ground to protect to is subjected to the old father that the rare bullies, and then supports David of bitterness of suffering the end and David combine, is "thought and aim of consistent", this kind of perfect marriage makes the novelistic coda ocean overflow one parties happiness and hope of of them are more a the ideal incarnation of the propertied class humanitarianism and of this kind of thought more the is personal of career's ising friendly and bad is an always thinks being placed in is subjected to the common run of people of oppressing the position, its teachings the virtuous thoughts and feelings is by long odds in those ruler, exactly according to this kind of conviction, in the novel many common run of peoples if the fisherman opens up a fruit to lift, sea , though house poverty if wash, have never been subjected to an education, have one truly plain, docile of heart, with full of of the suggest blessing and it make for become fresh and clear contrast.

Good and Evil Described by Dickens: An Analysis of Typical Characters in Oliver TwistAbstractCharles Dickens is the greatest representative of English critical realism in the nineteenth century. One of Dickens’ favorite novels Oliver Twist is known all over the world for the well-portrayed characters. In Oliver Twist, dozens of characters are well portrayed, including good and evil. This thesis analyzes some of the typical characters in the novel. First, the child hero of the novel, Oliver Twist, is good incarnation described by Dickens; Oliver possess many precious characteristics. Second, Fagin and Sikes’ evil exposes completely and arouses readers antipathy and wrath. Finally, the complex poor character, Nancy, has conflicts between her inner conscience and her devotion to Sikes. Ultimately, she risks her life to help Oliver, which commits one of the most noble acts of kindness in the story. So the conclusion draws that Dickens believes that most people were good at heart, but at times, their good impulses could be distorted by terrible Words: Charles Dickens; Oliver Twist; goodness; nature; evil; ferocity 摘 要查尔斯�6�1狄更斯是19世纪英国伟大的批判现实主义作家。《雾都孤儿》是狄更斯最喜欢的作品之一，也由于作者对小说人物的成功刻画而闻名遐迩。在《雾都孤儿》中，许多的人物被成功的塑造，包括善良的和邪恶的。这篇论文分析了小说中的一些典型人物。首先，是儿童主人公奥利佛尔�6�1特维斯特是狄更斯笔下善良的化身，他拥有许多难能可贵的性格特征。其次，费金和塞克斯罪恶形象的充分暴露引起了读者的反感和憎恶。最后，可怜而又性格复杂的南茜陷入良心的发现和对爱人忠诚的两难境地。最终，她冒着生命危险帮助奥利佛尔是小说中最崇高的善行之一。通过对《雾都孤儿》典型人物的分析，可以得出这样的结论：狄更斯相信大多数人的内心是善良的，但有时，一些人的善念也许会因糟糕的外界环境而扭曲。关键词：查尔斯�6�1狄更斯、奥利佛尔�6�1特维斯特、善良、本性、罪恶、凶残希望你满意！

《雾都孤儿》是一部非常成功的作品，是狄更斯这位享誉盛名的代表作之一，它揭露了隐藏在伦敦狭小、肮脏的偏僻街道里的恐怖和暴力，也展示出了18世纪伦敦罪犯的真实面目；同时，狄更斯还试图说明：善良最终能够克服一切艰难险阻。《雾都孤儿》不仅吸引了评论家和公众的注意，同时它背后潜藏着的那一种强烈的情感不仅打动了与他同时代的读者，也深深地打动了我。《雾都孤儿》中主人公的英文名字为Oliver Twist，而Twist其英文意思是“扭曲，曲折，使苦恼”，这暗示着主人公Oliver的一生很坎坷，要经历很多的痛苦。在这个对社会进行抗议的情节剧式的小说中，奥利弗被当作一个主人公，其目的不是要触动我们的文学敏感性，而是要打动我们的情感。奥立弗·退斯特出生于19世纪30年代英国的一所济贫院，他妈妈用冰冷而毫无血色的嘴唇怜爱地在孩子的额头亲了一下后倒过去，咽了气。没父没母的奥立弗的童年过得极其凄惨，最初的9年是生活在一个管理不善的孤儿院，之后被转到收容成年人的济贫院。济贫院是维多利亚时期中产阶级建立的用来收养穷孩子的机构，因为人们认为穷人的身上有固有的恶习，穷人的家庭造就了这样的恶习，为了阻止这样的恶习产生，所以穷人夫妻就要分开，以阻止他们生孩子，从而减少下层社会的人。但可以这样形容当时的济贫院：济贫院给穷人提供的是慢性挨饿的机会，而在街头则是快速饿死。奥利弗和他的小伙伴们忍受着“慢性饥饿的折磨”。曾给我留下一个特别深刻印象的镜头是：一天晚上吃饭时，一个小孩子跟其他小孩子说，如果不给他多吃一碗粥，说不定会吃了谁。孩子们都很害怕，于是抓阄决定谁输了就要为那个孩子多要点吃的来。奥立弗输了，于是午饭后，其他孩子坚持奥立弗在晚饭时多要点食物。他的请求震惊了当局，结果使他们出5英镑作为酬金，要人把他从他们手上带走。因而可见，《雾都孤儿》是对维多利亚时期穷人的社会境遇的严厉批判。《雾都孤儿》的起势情节是：绝望之中的奥立弗在黎明中出逃，奔向伦敦，在伦敦城外，又饿又累的他遇到了一个与他相仿年纪的男孩—杰克，杰克让他住在自己的恩人费金的住处——实际上是一个窃贼之家，费金这个“枯瘦如柴的犹太老头”兼职为犯罪头头专门训练孤儿为他偷东西。经过几天的训练，奥立弗和其他两个小孩被派去偷东西。当奥立弗看到他们偷了一个老绅士的手绢的时候，吓得拔腿就逃，他被抓住了，但勉强地躲过了指控，没有因偷盗被定罪。布朗罗先生，就是手绢的被偷者，把发烧的奥立弗带回家中护理，让他恢复健康，原本以为黑暗的生活会远离他而去，但是费金贼帮里的两个大人赛克斯和他的情人南希把奥立弗抓住，并送回费金那里。在《雾都孤儿》中，颇具争议性问题的人物是南希。南希在道德上的复杂性在几位主要人物中是很独特的。南希自幼便是一个小偷，饮酒无度，而且是一个妓女，她所陷入的罪恶为她的社会所不齿，但当她牺牲自己的生命去保护奥立弗这个她并不是很熟悉的小孩时，她的行为又是最为高尚的。正因为南希，奥立弗被狄更斯掩藏下的真实身份才有了渐渐浮出水面的一刻。随后，费金派奥立弗去帮助赛克斯抢劫。奥立弗被那家的仆人用枪击中，赛克斯弃下受伤的奥立弗逃跑了。上天可怜善良的奥立弗，他被住在那里的梅莱太太和她漂亮的养女露西收留了。奥立弗开始了一种新生活。他常常与露西和梅莱太太外出散步，有时露西读书给他听，他也努力地学习功课。他觉得自己好像永远把罪恶，艰辛和贫困的世界抛在背后了。小说中，梅莱太太和露西所担任的母性角色使奥立弗第一次生活在正常的家庭当中，在她们母亲般的关爱下，奥立弗在乡下度过了美好的夏天。并且在梅莱一家的帮助下，布朗罗先生和奥立弗又团聚了，并消除了彼此间的误会。随后，布朗罗先生找到孟可思，追问奥立弗的真实身世，真相终于大白。原来孟可思是奥立弗同母异父的，和费金一起密谋陷害奥立弗，使之声名狼藉，并且是病态的，品行不端的坏兄弟，而且还查明了露西是奥立弗的亲生阿姨。小说的最后总结了狄更斯的道德和宗教观念：如果没有强烈的爱，没有博爱之心，如果对以慈悲为准则，以博爱一切生灵为最高标志的上帝不知感恩，那是绝对得不到幸福的，因而，有罪恶的得到了严厉的惩罚，穷凶恶及的人物到最后仍承担着罪恶，相应的，好人终究有好报，布朗罗先生收养了品性善良，道德高尚，宽容仁慈的奥立弗，他们和梅莱一家一起回乡下，从此过着幸福的生活。

Oliver Twist Oliver Twist, one of the most famous works of Charles Dickens’, is a novel reflecting the tragic fact of the life in Britain in 18th century. The author who himself was born in a poor family wrote this novel in his twenties with a view to reveal the ugly masks of those cruel criminals and to expose the horror and violence hidden underneath the narrow and dirty streets in London. The hero of this novel was Oliver Twist, an orphan, who was thrown into a world full of poverty and crime. He suffered enormous pain, such as hunger, thirst, beating and abuse. While reading the tragic experiences of the little Oliver, I was shocked by his sufferings. I felt for the poor boy, but at the same time I detested the evil Fagin and the brutal Bill. To my relief, as was written in all the best stories, the goodness eventually conquered devil and Oliver lived a happy life in the end. One of the plots that attracted me most is that after the theft, little Oliver was allowed to recover in the kind care of Mrs. Maylie and Rose and began a new life. He went for walks with them, or Rose read to him, and he worked hard at his lessons. He felt as if he had left behind forever the world of crime and hardship and poverty. How can such a little boy who had already suffered oppressive affliction remain pure in body and mind? The reason is the nature of goodness. I think it is the most important information implied in the novel by Dickens-he believed that goodness could conquer every difficulty. Although I don’t think goodness is omnipotent, yet I do believe that those who are kind-hearted live more happily than those who are evil-minded. For me, the nature of goodness is one of the most necessary character for a person. Goodness is to humans what water is to fish. He who is without goodness is an utterly worthless person. On the contrary, as the famous saying goes, ‘The fragrance always stays in the hand that gives the rose’, he who is with goodness undoubtedly is a happy and useful person. People receiving his help are grateful to him and he also gets gratified from what he has done, and thus he can do good to both the people he has helped and himself. To my disappointment, nowadays some people seem to doubt the existence of the goodness in humanity. They look down on people’s honesty and kindness, thinking it foolish of people to be warm-hearted. As a result, they show no sympathy to those who are in trouble and seldom offer to help others. On the other hand, they attach importance to money and benefit. In their opinion, money is the only real object while emotions and morality are nihility. If they cannot get profit from showing their ‘kindness’, they draw back when others are faced with trouble and even hit a man when he is down. They are one of the sorts that I really detest. Francis Bacon said in his essay, ‘Goodness, of all virtues and dignities of the mind, is the greatest, being the character of the Deity, and without it, man is a busy, mischievous, wretched thing, no better than a kind of vermin.’ That is to say a person without goodness is destined to lose everything. Therefore, I, a kind person, want to tell those ‘vermin-to-be’ to learn from the kind Oliver and regain the nature of goodness. 雾都孤儿 雾都孤儿》,其中最著名的作品的查尔斯•狄更斯的《反映,是一种新型的悲惨的现实,在18世纪的英国的生活。 作者自己出生在一个贫穷的家庭写这本书在他二十几岁时为了揭示丑陋的面具的残酷的罪犯,让恐怖和暴力隐藏在狭窄的,肮脏的街道在伦敦。 这本小说是的英雄,《雾都孤儿孤儿,谁被投进了的世界充满着贫穷和犯罪。他遭受巨大的痛苦,如饥饿、干渴、殴打和虐待。在阅读《悲惨的经历的小奥利弗,我感到震惊的是他的痛苦经历。我觉得为了可怜的男孩子,但同时我厌恶邪恶和残酷Fagin帐单。使我松了口气,写在所有最好的故事,最终征服了魔鬼,奥利佛善过上了幸福美满的生活结束。一个最吸引我的计谋是盗窃,小奥利弗被允许这种康复照顾夫人Maylie和玫瑰开始了一种新的生活。他去散步,与他们,或玫瑰念给他听,他努力学习功课。他感到他先前留下的世界永远犯罪和困难和贫穷。 怎能一个小男孩已经遭受苦难保持纯洁的压迫身体和心灵吗?原因是处于善性品德之中。我认为这是最重要的信息的小说中隐含Dickens-he相信善良能战胜一切困难。虽然我并不认为善良是无所不能的,我却相信,那些都是善良的过的更幸福的人比那些是愚昧无知。 对我来说,处于善性的品德是其中一个最必要的个性的一个人。善良是给人类就像鱼儿离不开水一样。谁是没有良善是一个完全无用的人。相反,正如著名的老话所说:“香味的手总是待在给玫瑰”一样。给你推荐一个网站，超棒！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！

雾都孤儿毕业论文研究目的

实再现经典名著 在原创能力普遍衰竭的今天，无数电影人将目光投向经典名著，拙劣的改编者往往对原著伤筋动骨，既伤害了先人又贻误了后代，更有不少投机取巧者只把名著的架子拿来，装的是自己的货色，这样的改编实际上是移植和借用。在过去20多个《雾都孤儿》电影版本中，童党头目“费金”均被描绘成一个十恶不赦的大 ... 据悉，为还原19世纪30年代英国伦敦的风貌，主创人员研究了大量当时伦敦的地图和 ...雾都孤儿》. 以电影绘制动态油画 由大师解读名著经典.

作者想把当时社会上的一些情况反映出来，而且通过小说来寄托自己的愿望，把自己的希望放进小说里，写出一个具有现实性的童话故事

毕业设计，各个专业，帮您毕业，北京硕士团队

你怎么研究电影而不是小说啊？强烈建议你把电影去掉，（也许就思想主题而言，电影和小说是一回事）开题报告如何写？①：在百度搜索：开题报告 范文②：去学校图书馆的期刊论文数据库搜索：雾都孤儿英文的搜索：Oliver Twist

关于雾都孤儿论文文献

The work of the protagonist Oliver is an orphan, and grew up in the courtyard of the poor relief, others have been subject to discrimination. Because the extremely ill-treatment and fled to London, into Zeiwo, called by the beating, growing up, I do not know how much to eat suffered. While growing up in such an environment, but there is a Buddha Orie good heart, no matter by how much pain he did not want to do bad things is the greatest determination. He was Shouen people will never forget can not thank the benefactor. Although he is subject to a number of well-intentioned people and the sympathy of the adoption, such as Bulang Lu President, Lennart Meri wife, but the thieves, the group still did not miss him, and his half-brother also wish to kill him. Oliver's fate is tragic, but he's also been well-intentioned people to help identify his life, and the heritage. He has been the fate of the final change is expected to become a useful person to society. This works in Orie wrote at the beginning of the Buddha in relief of the poor house, in Charles Dickens described the living conditions of the poor house when a very ironic way: "Every child has a bowl of thin gruel, and that can not be increased only once To important public holiday, with the exception of a bowl of porridge outside in order to increase two and a quarter ounces of bread. They do not need to eat the Zhou Wan never wash, the children always scraping bowl of the spoon sauce residue has been driven Zeng Ming-Liang Shuo bowl. Scraping bowl of the matter is completed, they sit there and stare at large Tongguo helplessly, as if they are able to block a piece of brick stoves have to swallow it. This is a heinous and Tian Zhao They also own and finger , Ba Wangzhe a splash a few drops from child star to porridge. "Can be seen from the lives of those orphans how poverty, hunger throughout the day in the state, and no hope of Tianzhao his little finger, Bawang Zhao splash over the Congee child stars. One can imagine the children's life is very tragic, and Orie on the Buddha in such an environment. It is in the form of novels by Dickens to reflect the dark reality of the society and capitalist society under the lives of people of how poverty, poor life as works written by the same. Charles, known as the Victorian age eyes, because the novel in the form of the observed things with the novel in the form of re-emerged. That is why this works is the content of the true reflection of society at that time, and I think that the author describes the relief of the poor orphans living with a very vivid image of the language, a sharp way to expose the community The dark. Dickens wrote in the book a few years ago, the British Parliament adopted a new method of relief, cancellation of poor relief, but the poor directly to the port to house the poor relief. Dickens described the relief of the poor house at the time of poor relief is a true portrayal of the hospital. Poor relief in the hospital in no democracy, no freedom, only to be abused, hungry cold, a Mianhuangjishou months, fell to the ground at all times as likely to die, and the Diocese of those officers, those who Explorer, but eat a fat Head of the brain fertilizer, the full spirit. Dickens works in the hospital for the poor relief vivid description is a reflection of social problems. Some people think Charles Dickens's works this is a serious literary works, it works because it made a deep social problems, social development and progress is of great historical significance. In this work successfully in Dickens depicts a series of characters, such as the Diocese of General bampur, thieves old man and head of the Jewish charity school students Noah, the bandit Powu Monks, and so on. Did not have to portray a lifelike, life-like image. However, the most successful works portray the character or the protagonist Oliver and the woman stole Nancy. Oliver was born with a moral people, know how to map Temple has been reported. He ate a lot a lot of suffering, but in the end, finally met a good man. Whether Bulang Lu President, Lennart Meri, or his wife or Miss Meri, Orie Fodu treated as ordinary family, even though he is a "thief" who are sympathetic to him, his adoption, and that he receive a good education, and finally get Qing his life, his legacy fight back. Oliver described the events of all, I admire the most is the sixth chapter say when he was struggling to resist mocking the incident, as the authors put it, "On the surface I have described is not so small Important, but in fact he was Oliver's future development and are indirectly affected, and has had a major change. "Oliver in the poor house while growing up, there will be no freedom itself, to be disposal, but he A very strong self-esteem, Noah in the face of personal attacks, he was extremely excited. Noah and because of Oliver's mother died of a vicious insult to his indignation, blood boiling. "He immediately jumped up, an overturned the tables and chairs, and then Noah caught the pipe, to exhaust the body's effort to shake in fury of Noah, Noah has been a bit of teeth chattered issue of noise, and then He gathered together a whole body of Noah's efforts to blow hard, straight knocked him to the ground. "Oliver reaction puzzled me, common sense, he has been a quiet, modest, though by non - Who has abused a dejected from the juvenile Gan unlucky, but at the moment cohesion of the whole body strength Noah beat. What is the strength of his courage to make such a decision, perhaps it should not be "decided" it, a strong sense of anger so that he has lost his reason, he does not allow other people to his mother in the slightest insulting. While Oliver's mother, his memory, the memory never know his mother look like. However, the mother has been accompanied by a sense of respect for him. So, when Noah insult his mother, Oliver showed no emotion before. The incident was the result of Oliver was beaten up and detained. Charles Dickens wrote in the details below, not only for paving the way, but also a deeper portrait of the heroine works Oliver's image, in order to safeguard the dignity of the mother, just go ahead Many scholars think that works in a portrait of the most successful characters is Nancy, while Oliver to work for the main character, but from the social psychology and psychoanalysis point of view, the role of Nancy greater practical significance. Nancy is a psychological complex young women, from childhood growing up in the Group of thieves, no one knew her life, she entered the post-Zeiwo did not have any good people, of course, the final Bulang Lu also met with President Lennart Meri and Miss But then it was too late. Finally, her tragic death at the hands of the bandits Sykes, her fate is tragic, as in the real world into a triad of orphans after the end of the same. Nancy seen through the group of thieves all the ugly things, that her aversion treacherous, vicious, ruthless cruelty, inhuman things, but she is also the Group of thieves have a certain feeling, and want to leave. She has sympathy for Oliver, as for their treatment as his younger brother, in times of crisis to disregard their own safety to come forward and saved him, but he will have to personally Oliver thieves onto the road. She envied culture and education, the warmth of the family women, but because of her own humble status Yingshang Qu dare not, dare not wish for such a happy life. She is the heart of the conflict, when Bulang Lu and President Lennart Meri Miss advised her to leave the Group of thieves over a new leaf, she refused their offers of help, although she had a yearning for this kind of life. Nancy contradictions from her in to see if the original: "I do not want to do it! I do not want to do it! Though he is the devil, and he even told me yet more vicious than the devil, but I do not want to do ... then another ... One reason is that his life of crime is life, I am also live in sin, we are together for many years to live such a life, so I can not betray them, not to mention some of them may have betrayed me, but They did not sell out, even though they are bad people. "Her inner conflict is real, in line with the general psychological normal. There are a lot of female juvenile offenders, once on the wrong may be similar to that of Nancy ideological contradictions: both want to leave the crime associates also want to leave. Although Nancy Sykes hated doing, but he can not do without, it was of the view that Nancy is not reasonable, but in any case, her actions are all true. Psychological and ideological problems is in itself a complex issue as it is not possible to use simple methods can be resolved. Nancy Oliver, and this is the work of the two most representative figure, which is undeniable. Dickens portrayed in these two figures also spent a wonderful way. However, I would like to talk about is the image of another person Monks. Monks is Oliver's half-brother, who was extremely cruel, to be his brother's property destroyed at the expense of their own younger brother. I think Charles Monks at the describing the act when a clever arrangement. Monks and the role is a reflection of society at that time some of the children of the nobility EXILE. Monks is a smart, he knows how to ease access to his brother's property. Monks at the Dickens portrayed the characters can be on step-by-step. First of all, Monks is to look at the class when Mr. Bull appeared, the first author of the text did not mention him, so I read in class, Mr. Bull to meet the guests unfamiliar with the plot, on intuition told me that this works The plot will reach another climax. The mysterious people coming out, is scheduled to have a good, but I did not expect this so-called mystery is who would be Oliver's brother, but did not expect the paper after he had played such an important role. Charles gave the Monks "smart" in mind, set up a seamless clothing plans, and the Monks in the implementation of this plan are not thieves with Lin Yu co-leader of the Jewish old man, can be called up for the purpose of the unscrupulous. Finally, the plan is brought to light, Monks also ended in defeat. I think the Charles Oliver's brother wrote a greedy, ruthless, shameless, on the one hand, the work can culminate in the story, on the other hand, fully demonstrated the reality of society in order to achieve the purpose of the fire regardless of the tragic family Phenomenon. The author of this sharp touch of irony at the time the fire agency, while at the same time want to wake up those sad people, they wake up the conscience and consciousness, to awaken the consciousness of all the people. After reading the novel, I was not quiet for a long time. Oliver is a strong, kind-hearted, intelligent and brave and innocent boy, but experienced a difficult life, the ultimate storm, ushered in a happy life. And we are now living in the honey tank in Waterloo-fu, has often complained that always satisfied. But we have thought about, there are many poor children, are faced with the loss of loved ones, vagrancy of life, perhaps in the face of dropping out of school and the plight of the hungry. They are filled with love of life, looking forward to a bright classrooms, a yearning for delicious food or warm clothing. In the face of these eager children live in poverty, we can turn a blind eye to it? Can not stand idly by? When I read Dickens to write about the lives of the poor orphan house, my mind flashed always saw on television pictures of refugees in Africa. The old social life of the poor are poor, hungry cold it is not unusual things, and in the 21st century, in this era of civilization, hunger, fear, the cold remains. In that Oliver had been abused, beaten by the circumstances, and when I do not think of the often seen in the streets and show those begging children. These shabby heard that the children into a gang is organized, whether it be money or show has been begging for money, hard or stolen money, but also turned over to their "head." This is the civilized society? The fate of the children, their lives, and works of Charles Dickens orphan Oliver's life, what difference does? Oliver is lucky, good people can encounter. But in reality those organizations into the unknown children, their fate will be how well-intentioned people can encounter it? I do not think so, they may be ending as it works in Nancy, or died of starvation and disease. This is the so-called civilized society, the inevitable result. The more social progress, the more human civilization, and those bad elements are, the more furious, and unfortunately into the hands of their children, the more tragic fate. Therefore, we need love to help those in the midst of the people to help them out, ushering in a happy life. The works I think of many real-life scenarios, I touch on a lot. Now, I'd like to go back to Dickens's art and writing in order to charm. Dickens is the Victorian representative of the critical realism, written in the book when he was a youth, when he hopes to use his novel of social reform, but his community is not enough understanding of the profound, at the time of the ruling class also With the hope of a better place. In this work also reflects his idea. Under normal circumstances, the best realism in the novel, the story is often in a specific environment under the action of the history of the development of character, that is, Gorky said "some kind of character typical of the history and composition of growth." However, Charles Dickens, his informal set of any cell, the number of coincidence want to arrange the number of coincidence. If Oliver for the first time with the thieves took to the streets to be out of pocket, he is a friend of his late father before his death, Mr. Bulang Lu; thieves in his second head hostage Sikes under the burglary of the stolen happens to be his pro-aunt Ruth Merritt family; Also, due to his messenger haste to go and hit those who have the means哥哥蒙克斯him, and the Monks are let in the collision, he is looking for his brother. This is a series of coincidence in the sense just can not be justified in any case, however, Dickens's own rich imagination and clever idea, in the specific circumstances described in the breath of life and full of passion, so that readers can not breathe when reading a tension , That would have been far-fetched, unnatural circumstances has no choice but to believe, and have a great interest in this, can not wait to read down. This is the art of Dickens World charm. In addition, from a political perspective, this work made orphans of the social status of this very real problem, and, as well as the issue directly related to the issue of the quality of officials, community organizations, as well as a number of law in all sectors of the people's psychological tendencies And a long mental illness issues. Dickens has pointed out that one of these problems, but he thought of a way to solve these problems is not realistic. This is because the youth of his community not to understand the profound. With his wealth of experience of society, the society is also a deeper understanding of his ideas are slowly maturing, which, in his later works will be able to be reflected. Charles to use his vast and profound language to give the reader sometimes laughing, sometimes knowing smile, they are sometimes shed tears of laughter or pain and numbness of helpless laughter. However, no matter what kind of laughter, given all the capitalist society of endless irony.

文学研究论文参考文献

论文写作中我们需要大量阅读参考文献来丰富我们的知识面，拓展我们的知识深度。下面是我和大家分享的文学研究论文参考文献，更多内容请关注毕业论文网。

篇一：参考文献

[1] 姜晓丽. 女权主义对翻译的影响探析[D]. 西安电子科技大学 2013

[2] 王君. 英语经济类语篇汉译实践报告[D]. 辽宁师范大学 2014

[3] 赵菁婕. 论文学翻译中的创造性叛逆[D]. 青岛大学 2014

[4] 李夏. 女性哥特视角下《简爱》与《呼啸山庄》的对比分析[D]. 中国海洋大学 2013

[5] 阳英. 关联理论视角下《雾都孤儿》荣译本与何译本比较研究[D]. 湖南工业大学 2014

[6] 沈蔼亲. 操纵学派“忠实观”与传统“忠实观”的对比研究[D]. 湖南工业大学 2014

[7] 郭慧. 操纵论视角下理雅各与许渊冲《诗经》英译本的对比研究[D]. 湖南工业大学 2013

[8] 王番. 概念隐喻理论视角下的情感隐喻翻译[D]. 南京工业大学 2013

[9] 姜姗. 语境视域下的英语经济新闻文本汉译实践报告[D]. 辽宁师范大学 2014

[10] 蔡莹莹. 风景抒情唐诗英译的象似性研究[D]. 辽宁师范大学 2014

[11] 王凯华. 帕尔默文化语言学视角下的宋词英译意象传递研究[D]. 辽宁师范大学 2014

[12] 滕娇月. 概念整合理论视阙下唐诗颜色词的英译研究[D]. 辽宁师范大学 2014

[13] 王筱. 默认值图式视域下的《聊斋志异》英译研究[D]. 辽宁师范大学 2014

[14] 支翠霞. 新闻翻译的后殖民视角[D]. 湖南工业大学 2012

[15] 薛颖然. 目的论视野下的英汉字幕翻译[D]. 湖南工业大学 2012

[16] 贺倩. 女性主义翻译理论与小说Jane Eyre的翻译[D]. 新疆师范大学 2012

[17] 何婧舒. 操纵理论视角下《简·爱》两个中译本的文化再现比较研究[D]. 四川师范大学 2012

[18] 吴云云. 《简爱》的女权话语研究[D]. 华北电力大学(北京) 2010

[19] 纪娜. 成长路上的逃离与皈依[D]. 湖南师范大学 2008

[20] 胡娟娟. 《简·爱》在20世纪中国的经典化建构及其女主人公的形象变迁[D]. 上海外国语大学 2012

篇二：参考文献

[1] 刘禾着，宋伟杰等译.跨语际实践[M]. 三联书店， 2002

[2] 胡安江. 文本旅行与翻译研究[J]. 四川外语学院学报. 2007(05)

[3] 郭延礼着.中国近代翻译文学概论[M]. 湖北教育出版社， 1998

[4] 孟昭毅，李载道主编.中国翻译文学史[M]. 北京大学出版社， 2005

[5] 张南峰着.中西译学批评[M]. 清华大学出版社， 2004

[6] 谢天振着.译介学[M]. 上海外语教育出版社， 1999

[7] (美)爱德华·W.赛义德()着，谢少波，韩刚等译.赛义德自选集[M]. 中国社会科学出版社， 1999

[8] 冯庆华，主编.文体翻译论[M]. 上海外语教育出版社， 2002

[9] 陈福康着.中国译学理论史稿[M]. 上海外语教育出版社， 2000

[10] 刘宓庆着.当代翻译理论[M]. 中国对外翻译出版公司， 1999

[11] 冯庆华编着.实用翻译教程[M]. 上海外语教育出版社， 1997

[12] 唐玉娟，谭少青. 译者措辞中的意识形态因素--《简·爱》两个中译本的比较[J]. 成都教育学院学报. 2006(11)

[13] 符白羽. 从旅行理论看文学作品在翻译中的旅行[J]. 长沙大学学报. 2006(04)

[14] 赵俊姝. 文学多元系统理论视角解读胡适翻译思想[J]. 昆明师范高等专科学校学报. 2005(02)

[15] 李坤，贾德江. 《简爱》两个中译本的历时比较[J]. 河北理工学院学报(社会科学版). 2007(01)

[16] 苏留华. 小说对话的翻译--从符号学角度分析《简·爱》[J]. 广州大学学报(社会科学版). 2004(11)

[17] Clifford,: Travel and Translation in the Late Twentieth Century. . 1997

[18] Andre Source Book. . 2004

[19] Lefevere , Rewriting and the Manipulation of Literary Fame. . 2004

[20] 于德英. 用另一只眼睛看多元系统论--多元系统论的形式主义分析[J]. 中国翻译. 2004(05)

篇三：参考文献

[1] 刘美玲. 操控理论视角下《世界是平的》两中译本的研究[D]. 华中师范大学 2013

[2] 杨晓琳. 从翻译共性的角度探析英译汉中的“翻译文体”[D]. 浙江大学 2013

[3] 伊塔马·埃文-佐哈尔，张南峰. 多元系统论[J]. 中国翻译. 2002(04)

[4] 张书玲. 英国博物馆资料翻译实践报告[D]. 中南大学 2013

[5] 笪鸿安，陈莉. 从《简·爱》两汉译本谈直译与意译的运用[J]. 河海大学学报(社会科学版). 1999(03)

[6] 叶荷. 翻译与改写[D]. 华侨大学 2009

[7] 王晓元. 意识形态与文学翻译的互动关系[J]. 中国翻译. 1999(02)

[8] 廖秋忠. 篇章与语用和句法研究[J]. 语言教学与研究. 1991(04)

[9] 周忠良. 重思抵抗式翻译[D]. 广东外语外贸大学 2009

[10] 张焰明. 剩余信息在翻译中的应用--兼评祝庆英和黄源深的《简·爱》译本[J]. 韩山师范学院学报(社会科学版). 2004(01)

[11] 葛中俊. 翻译文学：目的'语文学的次范畴[J]. 中国比较文学. 1997(03)

[12] 蒋骁华. 意识形态对翻译的影响：阐发与新思考[J]. 中国翻译. 2003(05)

[13] 杨自俭. 语篇和语境--《衔接与连贯理论的发展及应用》序[J]. 解放军外国语学院学报. 2003(02)

[14] 谢世坚. 从中国近代翻译文学看多元系统理论的局限性[J]. 四川外语学院学报. 2002(04)

[15] 郑雪青. 《简·爱》两个译本翻译比较[J]. 齐齐哈尔大学学报(哲学社会科学版). 2001(01)

[16] 潘红. 夹缝里的风景--谈黄源深先生《简爱》译本的审美特点[J]. 福州大学学报(哲学社会科学版). 2002(02)

[17] 颜凡博. 从文化差异角度谈中式菜名的英译[D]. 中北大学 2011

[18] 赵伟. 鲁迅小说两个英译本的对比研究[D]. 上海海运学院 2000

[19] Zhang Haifeng. A Principle with the English Translation of Chinese Classical Poetry[D]. 广东外语外贸大学 2001

[20] 陈王青. 虚构专名英译中的行为常式[D]. 广东外语外贸大学 2007

[21] 杜洪洁. 政治与翻译：西方(后)现代主义小说在中国的译介(1979-1988)[D]. 天津理工大学 2008

我也是写这个 正找材料呢 交流交流哦

买本雾都孤儿的蓝星导读，就是那种双语的小蓝本，虽然写得很浅显，但故事和人物分析挺全面的，就算你以前没读过这部小说，用它就行，省时间最大的问题就是定题，要看你的指导老师严不严了，一定把论点范围缩小再缩小，具体再具体在学校提供给你们的文献库多多下载文献资料，雾都孤儿的的文献很多，能下载到你想吐，但这样不愁没得写 还有问题可以联系我

雾都孤儿课程论文题目

中英文化差距论文题目不是想一个就能写一个的，也不是别人给你一个就能写一个的，想当初我写毕业论文的时候，题目想了至少五六次，才算让指导老师通过。 选定论文题目应该是这样的，先定大的类别，就像楼上两位讲的，文学，翻译，语言学等。然后再往下分，比如文学，你写一个时期还是写一位作家，语言学，写哪个方面。 这样算起来的话，能写出来的题目成百上千，但最重要的一点就是，题目一定要细，不能泛泛而谈，比如，你不能写“论合作原则”，那样的题目导师肯定不通过的。 楼主可以先想想自己想写哪方面的，不用急着想好题目，可以先去图书馆里找找资料，看看别人都写哪方面的，都怎么写的。这个学期才刚开始，时间是一定够的啦。不用着急。

Character Profiles Agnes- Oliver’s mother who died giving birth. The only thing she left was a locket with her name inscribed. Nurse- Woman who delivered Oliver, and later died in the workhouse revealing the story of the locket and the night Oliver was born. Oliver Twist- The main character of the story, Oliver is an affection-starved little boy who will not commit crimes. He was abused as a young child, and only wants to be loved. His adventures make him the best of friends and the worst of enemies. Mrs. Mann - The woman who raised Oliver for the first nine years. She treated him and her other orphans very poorly by beating and starving them. Mr. Bumble- The town beadle who thinks very lowly of Oliver. He eventually marries Mrs. Corney and makes Oliver’s life more difficult. Mr. Gamfield- A chimneysweeper who wanted Oliver as an apprentice. Mr. Sowerberry- A coffin maker that Oliver was apprenticed to. He generally treated the boy well, but chose his wife’s lies over Oliver’s truths. Mrs. Sowerberry- Wife of the coffin maker who disliked young Oliver. Charlotte- Maid to the Sowerberry’s that ends up running away with Noah and beginning a life of crime. Noah Claypole - Another worker for the Sowerberry’s, Noah antagonizes Oliver when he was there, and when he begins to work for Fagin, his actions lead to the death of Nancy. Young Dick- A friend of Oliver’s at Mrs. Mann’s who loves him. Jack Dawkins- “Artful Dodger” is a young accomplished thief who finds Oliver on the road to London and introduces him to Fagin. Fagin- The main antagonist in the story, “The Jew” takes Oliver under his wing and tries to make a pickpocket out of him. He is a powerful crime leader who has an affection for only money and will kill anyone who stands in his way. Charley Bates- Another one of Fagin’s thieves who tends to laugh at everything in life. Betsy- A woman who works for Fagin. Nancy- A woman who works for Fagin and tries to help Oliver which eventually leads to her death. She is passionate, caring, and loves Sikes, who eventually kills her. Mr. Brownlow- A man who Oliver’s thief friends rob on the street. He takes Oliver in, and discovers his true parentage. Mrs. Bedwin- Mr. Brownlow’s housekeeper who nurses Oliver back to health. Mr. Grimwig- A friend of Mr. Brownlow who is very cynical of the boy but eventually helps to keep him safe. Mr. Sikes - Another evil character who is a member of Fagin’s gang. He has a little white dog that follows him everywhere. He threatens Oliver and reluctantly leaves him to die in a field after the boy was shot. He kills Nancy in a rage, and eventually kills himself. Tom Chitling- Another petty thief of Fagin’s Toby Crackit- A “flash” man who helps Sikes attempt to commit the robbery. Barney- A thief who helps Sikes. Mrs. Corney/ Mrs. Bumble- The matron of the workhouse Oliver was born in who eventually marries Mr. Brumble and here’s the confession of the nurse on her deathbed. She finds the evidence of Oliver’s parentage, and sells it to Monks. Giles- The butler of the Maylie household, he is the man who shot Oliver. Brittles- The “boy” of the Maylie household who was also there the night Oliver was shot. Rose Maylie- The adopted niece of Mrs. Maylie who turns out to be Oliver’s Aunt. She is kind, loving, and a great joy in Oliver’s life. Mrs. Maylie- An old woman who accepts Oliver into her home and finally gives him a loving atmosphere to live in. Mr. Losberne - The doctor and friend of Mrs. Maylie who helps Oliver in his adventures. He is impatient and earnest, but also happy and kindhearted. Blathers Duff- The two Bow Street Runners who come to investigate the attempted robbery. They are filled with stories to tell, and are suspicious of Oliver. Harry Maylie- The son of Mrs. Maylie, Harry is deeply in love with Rose and would do anything to marry her. He befriends Oliver and adds to the boy’s loving atmosphere. Monks/ Edward Leeford- Oliver’s older half brother who does not want to split his inheritance with the bastard child. He destroys the evidence of Oliver’s mother, and is a cohort of Fagin and his gang 可惜是英文的…… 参考资料：

环境对人是有影响的，但人也可以随着年龄的增长，思想意识的深入，主动的选择对自己有利的环境。社会对一个思想处于萌芽，空白得孩子来说，坏的环境会毁灭。孩子在社会的负面环境中是弱者，但更需要有心人来帮助他们

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