王春亭发表的论文

王春亭发表的论文

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SVDFeature主页：SVDFeature-SVDFeature语言：C一个feature-based协同过滤和排序工具，由上海交大Apex实验室开发，代码质量较高

在KDDCup2012中获得第一名，KDDCup2011中获得第三名，相关论文发表在2012的JMLR中，这足以说明它的高大上

SVDFeature包含一个很灵活的Matrix推荐框架，能方便的实现SVD、SVD等方法,是单模型推荐算法中精度最高的一种

SVDFeature代码精炼，可以用相对较少的内存实现较大规模的单机版矩阵分解运算

另外含有Logisticregression的model，可以很方便的用来进行ensemble

根据论文发表网站信息，该基金难申请的。申请条件如下：1、申领该基金需要2018年1月1日以后出生。2、具有高级专业技术职务（职称）或者具有博士学位。3、具有承担国家级基础研究项目或者在国外研究机构从事基础研究的经历。4、申请人应当是申请省杰出青年基金项目的实际负责人，限为1人。5、已主持国家杰出青年科学基金项目或者省自然科学基金杰出青年团队项目（青年科技人才培养项目）的，不得申请省杰出青年基金项目。

王春值发表的论文

《吉林医学》杂志是半月刊，吉林省卫生厅是主管单位，吉林省人民医院是主办单位，吉林省医学会承办的综合性医学学术性期刊，国际16开本，其国际刊号：ISSN 1004-0412，国内刊号：CN 22-1115/R ，邮发代号：12-41。 《吉林医学》以“面向临床、面向基层、突出实用性”为宗旨；以内容翔实、丰富，栏目多样为其特点。本刊主要栏目有专题报道、实验研究、临床研究、综述、临床经验、临床用药、病例报告、误诊分析、医院管理、医学教育。 1、稿件内容必须翔实，主题明确、科学性和逻辑性严密，设计合理，能重点说明一个或几个问题，数据资料要作统计学处理。 2、文稿体裁为论著类文稿，要求论点明确而新颖，论据充分而确凿，论证层次清楚且逻辑性强，语言简炼，行文流畅，所引文献出处要准确，文章结构由导言、资料与方法、结果、讨论、参考文献等部分组成。 3、论著类文章需附200字左右的四项结构式摘要，即“目的……、方法……、结果……、结论……。”同时附写与汉文摘要内容一致的英文摘要、英文题名、作者单位、作者姓名。 4、文字表述准确、精练，条清理顺，字迹工整。稿件篇幅不宜过长，全文（包括图、表及参考文献）字数应限制在：论著类文稿一般在3000～4000字左右，综述类文稿不超过5 000字，病例报告类文稿不超过1500字。 5、题目应简明确切反映文章的本质内容，切忌冗长繁杂，以不超过20字为宜，尽量不设副题，尽量少用“的研究”或“的观察”等非特定词。 6、 关键词：一般需标引3～5个关键词。并请尽量使用最新版美国国立医学图书馆编辑的《Index Medicus》中医学主题词表(MeSH)内所列词。 7、 文献标识码根据中国学术期刊(光盘版)检索与评价数据规范标出。 8、文稿署名不宜过多，应限于参加本文工作且能解答与文章有关问题者，并要写明作者详细工作单位、地址及邮政编码。作者地址变更时，应在文章首页底加脚注说明。 9、 请提供电子稿。来稿不退回，请自留底稿。 10、请勿一稿多投。引用文献和重要资料请注明出处。文责自负。 论文编撰次序为：题名－作者姓名（单位省份城市邮编）－摘要－关键词－正文－参考文献－作者联系方式（包括手机、座机、E－mail及邮编、邮寄地址）籍贯，出生年月，职称。 写论文应该注意的地方 1．学术论文突出的是学术性，具体表现为以下三个方面：创新性；科学性；实践性。 2．学术论文按研究目的可分为三种基本类型：理论探讨性、论证性论文；综合论述性论文；预测性论文。 3．一般学术论文的框架结构 投稿论文的结构一般由题目、署名、前言、正文、结论、注释或参考文献等几部分组成。学位论文的结构稍复杂一些，一般包括：题目、署名、目录、摘要、问题提出、研究方法、研究内容、研究结果、结论与讨论、参考文献、附录、致谢等部分。 最后医院管理和护理研究的论文可以发表；

吉林医学杂志开设的栏目有： 实验研究、临床研究、临床经验、综述、调查报告、病例报告、医院管理、医学教育、护理研究、医学与法等。来稿要求和注意事项：1、文稿要求：选题应具备一定的先进性与实用性，内容能反映该学术领域的进展及水平。论点明确，论据充分，数据可靠。我也是在 创新医学网 上看到的

转摘More and more scholars are now showing an interest in adopting linguistic approaches to translation studies. Between 1949 and 1989, an incomplete survey by the author revealed that there were only about 30 textbook passages discussing the relationship between linguistics and translation, including aspects of general linguistics, pragmatics, stylistics, text linguistics, rhetoric and machine translation. From 1990 to 1994, there was an incredible increase in the number of passages looking at translation from a linguistic point of view. Almost 160 articles published over these five years concerned translation and general linguistics, stylistics, comparative linguistics, semantics, pragmatics, sociolinguistics, text linguistics, rhetoric, etc. New terms such as discourse analysis, hermeneutics, dynamic equivalence, deep structure and surface structure, context, theme and rheme, cooperative principles, to mention just a few, appeared in the field of translation studies. We can definitely identify a trend of applying linguistics theories to translation studies in these years. Today, we are at the point of questioning whether linguistics is a necessary part of translation. In recent years, some scholars who are in favour of free translation, have repeatedly raised this question to the public and appealed for an end to the linguistic approach to translation. Some firmly believe that translation is an art and that therefore linguistics is neither useful nor helpful. Such a claim is wrong if we look at translation as a whole, including scientific translation where meanings are rigid and restricted and the degree of freedom is limited. Flexibility, in this case, is neither required nor appreciated. But even in literary translation, linguistics is hardly a burden. Wang Zongyan pointed out that « If one sees linguistics as a body of rules regulating language, translators most probably will yawn with boredom. If it signifies the use of words and locutions to fit an occasion, there is nothing to stop translators from embracing linguistics » (Wang 1991: 38). The controversy over « literal » versus « free » translation has a long history, with convincing supporters on each side. For example, ancient Western scholars like Erasmus, Augustine, and others were in favour of literal translation. Among early Chinese translators, Kumarajiva is considered to be of the free school, while Xuan Zuang appears as literal and inflexible. In modern China, Yan Fu advocated hermeneutic translation, while Lu Xun preferred a clumsy version to one that was free but inexact. There is nothing wrong in any of these stances. When these translators emphasized free translation they never denied the possibility of literal translation, and vice versa. Problems only arise when the discussion turns to equivalent translations. The problem of equivalence has caused much controversy. Some people believed that there could be an equivalence of language elements independent of the setting in which they of occurred. Based on this assumption, some « literal » translators tried to decompose a text into single elements in hopes of finding equivalents in the target language. This is a naive idea. Jakobson (1971: 262) notes that « Equivalence in difference is the cardinal problem of language and the pivotal concern of linguistics. » He does not refer to « equivalence » but to « equivalence in difference » as the cardinal problem. Nida was also misunderstood by many for his notion of « equivalence, » which he took to mean that « Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style » (1969: 12). He further concluded that « Absolute equivalence in translating is never possible » (1984: 14). De Beaugrande and Dressler believed that the success or failure of either free or literal approaches was uncertain: an unduly « literal » translation might be awkward or even unintelligible, while an unduly « free » one might make the original text disintegrate and disappear altogether. To them, equivalence between a translation and an original can only be realized in the experience of the participants (cf. de Beaugrande and Dressler 1981: 216-217). Catford (1965: 27) expressed the same concern that equivalent translation is only « an empirical phenomenon, discovered by comparing SL and TL texts. » In citing the above examples, I have absolutely no intention of insisting on untranslatability. What I mean is that a translator should incorporate his or her own experience and processing activities into the text: solving the problems, reducing polyvalence, explaining away any discrepancies or discontinuities. Linguistic knowledge can help us treat different genres in different ways, always with an awareness that there are never exact equivalences but only approximations. Therefore, amplification and simplification become acceptable. If we agree that texts can be translated, then, in what way does linguistics contribute to translation? To answer this question, we must look at the acceptance of western linguistics in China and its influence on translation. Systematic and scientific study of the Chinese language came into being only at the end of the last century, when Ma Jianzhong published a grammar book Mashi Wentong «马氏文通» in 1898, which was the first in China and took the grammar of Indo-European languages as its model. The study of language was, in turn, influenced by translation studies in China. In Mashi Wenton, the main emphasis is on the use of morphology, which takes up six-sevenths of the book. Influenced by the dominant trend of morphological studies, a word was regarded as the minimum meaningful unit, and a sentence was therefore the logical combination of words of various specific types. Translation was, then, principally based on the unit of the word. In the West, Biblical translation provided a very good example, just as the translation of Buddhist scriptures did in China. Not until the end of the 19th century did some linguists come to realize that sentences were not just the summary of the sequenced words they contained. The Prague School, founded in the 1920s, made a considerable contribution to the study of syntax. According to the analytic approach of the Functional Perspective of the Prague School, a sentence can be broken down into two parts: theme and rheme. Theme is opposed to rheme in a manner similar to the distinction between topic and comment, and is defined as the part of a sentence which contributes least to advancing the process of communication. Rheme, on the other hand, is the part of a sentence which adds most to advancing the process of communication and has the highest degree of communicative dynamism. These two terms help enlighten the process of translating Chinese into English. In the mid-1950s, the study of syntax peaked with the Chomsky's establishment of transformational-generative grammar. This theory of the deep structure and surface structure of language influenced translation tremendously. Nida relied heavily on this theory in developing his « analyzing-transfering-reconstructing » pattern for translation. Some Chinese linguists, in the meantime, tried to raise language studies to a higher plane. Li Jinxi (1982) enlarged the role of sentence studies in his book A New Chinese Grammar, two thirds of which was devoted to discussing sentence formation or syntax. He writes that « No words can be identified except in the context of a sentence. » The study was then improved by other grammarians, including Lu Shuxiang, Wang Li. With the development of linguistic studies, translation based on the unit of the sentence was put forward by some scholars. It was Lin Yu-Tang who first applied the theory to translation in his article « On Translation. » He claimed that « translation should be done on the basis of the sentence [...] What a translator should be faithful to is not the individual words but the meaning conveyed by them » (Lin 1984: r 3). The importance of context in the understanding of a sentence was therefore emphasized. Chao Yuanren, a Chinese scholar and professor at Harvard University, criticized scholars and translators who tended to forget this point and take language for something independent and self-sufficient. In fact, it is obvious that when we translate a sentence, we depend on its context; when we interpret an utterance we rely on the context of the speech (cf. Chao 1967). When a sentence is removed from the text, it usually becomes ambiguous due to the lack of context. Therefore, translation becomes difficult. In the 1960s, people began to realize that the study of language based on sentences was not even sufficient. A complete study should be made of the whole text. A simple sentence like « George passed » may have different interpretations in different contexts. If the context is that of an examination, it means George did well on a test; in a card game it would indicate that George declined his chance to bid; in sports it would mean the ball reached another player. Without a context, how could we decide on a translation? Linguists therefore shifted their attention to the study of texts and to discourse analysis. Text linguistics have become increasingly popular since that time. Van Dijk was a pioneer in this field, and his four-volume edition of the Handbook of Discourse Analysis is of great value. Halliday's Cohesion in English and Introduction to Functional Grammar help us to better understand the English language on a textual level. It is worth noting that de Beaugrande and Dressler (1981) provided an overall and systematic study of text, which is useful to translation studies. De Beaugrande actually wrote a book called Factors in a Theory of Poetic Translating in 1978. The book did not become very popular as it confined the discussion to translating poetry. At the same time, books on a linguistic approach to translation were introduced into China, such as the works of Eugene Nida, Peter Newmarks, J.C. Catford, Georges Mounin, and others. These books gave a great push to the application of linguistic theories to translation studies in China. Textual or discoursive approaches to the study of translation could not keep pace with the development of text linguistics. Some studies remained on the syntactic or semantic level, though even there textual devices were employed. In talking about the translation units of word and text, Nida wrote: ... average person naively thinks that language is words, the common tacit assumption results that translation involves replacing a word in language A with a word in language B. And the more « conscientious » this sort of translation is, the more acute. In other words, the traditional focus of attention in translation was on the word. It was recognized that that was not a sufficiently large unit, and therefore the focus shifted to the sentence. But again, expert translators and linguists have been able to demonstrate that individual sentences, in turn, are not enough. The focus should be on the paragraph, and to some extent on the total discourse. (Nida and Tabber 1969: 152) From that statement we can see that Nida regards a discourse as something larger than a paragraph, as an article with a beginning and an ending. Nida himself never applied text linguistics to translation, and there might be some confusion if we use his term in our interpretation of discourse, because discourse analysis is not merely a study based on a larger language structure. Some Chinese scholars did make the effort to apply text linguistics to the theory and practice of translation. Wang Bingqin's article (1987) was the first academic paper of this sort. He stated his aim to study and discover the rules governing the internal structure of a text in light of text linguistics. He analyzed numerous examples using textual analysis, but unfortunately, all the samples he collected were descriptions of scenery or quotations from the books of great scholars--no dialogue, no illocutionary or perlocutionary forces in the language. He failed to provide a variety of examples. For this reason, his research findings are largely restricted to rhetorical texts in ancient China (cf. Wang 1981; Luo 1994). Scholars like He Ziran applied pragamatics to translation. He's article (1992) put forth two new terms, « pragmalinguistics » and « socio-pragmatics » which, in translation, refer respectively to « the study of pragmatic force or language use from the viewpoint of linguistic sources » and to « the pragmatic studies which examine the conditions on language use that derive from the social and cultural situation. » He discusses the possibility of applying the pragmatic approach to translation in order to achieve a pragmatic equivalent effect between source and target texts; that is, to reproduce the message carried by the source language itself, as well as the meaning carried by the source language within its context and culture. In this article he tries to distinguish « pragma-linguistics » from « socio-pragmatics » but finally admits that « Actually, a clear line between pragma-linguistics and socio-pragmatics may sometimes be difficult to draw. » Still he insists that the application of the pragmatic approach to translation is helpful and even necessary. Ke Wenli (1992) argued that semantics, which in a broad sense combines semantics and pragmatics, should be studied to help understand, explain and solve some of the problems encountered in translation. In this article, he examines four semantic terms--« sense and reference, » « hyponomy, » « changes of meaning » and « context »--giving many examples to illusrate the importance of having some general knowledge of semantics and of understanding the relationship between semantics and translation. This article is clearly written and readers can easily draw inspiration from it. These linguistics approaches shed new lights on the criteria of « faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance » defined by Yan Fu. Chinese scholars began to criticize the vagueness of these three criteria and endeavored to give them concrete significance through the theories of western linguistics. The result is that the content of these three traditional criteria has been greatly enriched, especially by the effect equivalence theory, which in a broad sense means that the target language should be equivalent to the source language from a semantic, pragmatic, and stylistic point of view. But we are still unable to evaluate translations in a very scientific way. Therefore, Chinese scholars like Fan Shouyi, Xu Shenghuan and Mu Lei embarked on quantitative analyses of translations and used the fuzzy set theory of mathematics in accomplishing their analysis. Fan published several articles on this field of study. His 1987 and 1990 articles evaluate translations according to a numerical quantity of faithfulness. Xu's article « A Mathematical Model for Evaluating a Translation's Quality » presents a normal mathematical model. He states that it is difficult to produce an absolutely accurate evaluation of translations with this model because of the uncertainty and randomness of man's thought process. Making such analysis more accurate and objective would require further research. The unit in translation is a hard nut to crack. Without solving this problem, no research in translation studies will ever be sufficient. To date, very few people have focused their research on this area. Nida holds that the unit should be the sentence, and in a certain sense, the discourse. Barkhudarov (1993: 40), Soviet linguist and translation theorist, suggests that: translation is the process of transforming a speech product (or text) produced in one language into a speech product (or text) in another language. [...] It follows that the most important task of the translator who carries out the process of transformation, and of the theorist who describes or creates a model for that process, is to establish the minimal unit of translation, as it is generally called, the unit of translation in the source text. Though he notes the importance of the unit of translation in a text and considers that this unit can be a unit on any level of language, he fails to point out what a text is and how it might be measured in translation. Halliday's notion of the clause might be significant in this case. To him, a clause is a basic unit. He distinguishes three functions of a clause: textual, interpersonal and ideational. According to Halliday, these functions are not possessed by word or phrase. But he is not quite successful in analyzing the relationship between clause and text (cf. Halliday 1985). In China, some people have tried to solve this problem. Wang Dechun (1987: 10) more or less shares Bakhudarov's view that the translation unit cannot be confined just to sentences. In some ways, the phoneme, word, phrase, sentence, paragraph, or even text can all serve as a unit. At this point, we cannot find anything special in treating text translation except for having text as the highest level among translation units. This is not the aim of text linguistics or discourse analysis. If we want to apply these to the theory and practice of translation, we will require a textual approach.

医学论文是对医学领地中的问题进行探讨研宄，表述研究成果的文章。它要求这样一些必备的条件：科学性、客观性、创见性、平易性。它的选题是论文写作的重要的第一步，有人说：“学术论文的题目选得恰当等于完成论文的一半工作。”虽然有些夸张，但包含一定的道理。因为作者对所要论述的对象，有了充分的考虑，有了充分的理解，才能确定如何来论述它。那么要写出高质量的文章，如何选题?1 确立研究目标由于学科门类繁多，每门学科的内容又很广泛，可选的论文题目不胜枚举。因此，只有集中于某一学科领域中的问题作为研究的目标，才能找到合适的题目。单就一个科领域来讲，要想把一个问题搞深搞透，也不是那么轻而易举的，是要付出巨大劳动的。如何选择合适的研究目标呢：①作者要对研究的课题有浓厚的兴趣。作者对某一问题已有了一定的认识基础，而且产生了强烈的研究欲望，这是选题的前提。②所选的题目最好是关系到千百万人的利益或为医学者所关注的问题，这一点可参考卫生部攻关计划。例如乙型肝炎的防治属于此范围。③考虑具有学术价值的题目;有些问题表面看起来似乎没有什么现实意义，但不知什么时候会产生出它不可估量的意义。如分子生物学方面研究。④选题要新颖。所谓新颖是要选择起点较高，具有新意的题目。而使选题新颖就必须不断学习和提高，以便用时掌握和了解国内外在本专业中的新进展，新动向，从而达到更新知识，开拓思想的目的。只有这才能达到有所发现，有所发明，有所创造，有所前进。初学写论文常犯的毛病是选题过于宽泛，大而不当，写不出独到的东西。我认为选题时只要是独到见解，那怕是一孔之见也是值得的。2 选题的方法进行医学研究，就是找问题，原则是“存同求异”。求异，就是探索现成理论没有发现，没有概括，没有解释的事物。具体方法：①是前人没有研究过的问题，这比较难，但可以从前人的理论作借鉴参考，如胎肝治疗重症肝炎就是从前人用胎肝作骨髓移植得到启发而发现的。②前人已做过的题目，有的结论不对或者还有探讨的余地。这类题目是对前人研究的发展，如大黄治疗上消化道出血早已研究，但继续寻找有效成份，提纯就是发展性的研究。③某些问题已经很多人探讨过，但说法不一，甚至争论不休。3 选题应注意事项①要根据个人业务专长确定研究题目，如果不考虑这一点，看到别人搞某个问题，自己也有一知半解，于是就去凑热闹，是搞不好的。②题目宜小不宜大。题目小容易搞深搞透，题目大费时费力，甚至中途流产。用写一本书的题目来写论文，自然不容易写好，当然，如果对问题有独到见解，也可写出论文。③选题时要查看文献资料。如果前人的结论能站得住脚，自己的设想相反，那么可能自己设想有问题。如果结论相同应检查自己的材料，如有新的论证还足可以把它写出来，但要指出前人的研究成果。④研究生应经导师指导，少走弯路。⑤同一论题可从多角度论证。

长春王富春发表论文

高中议论文写作模板(10篇)

想必很多同学已经写过议论文了，议论文具有观点明确、论据充分、语言精炼、论证合理、有严密的逻辑性的特点。以下是我整理的高中议论文写作模板，希望可以提供给大家进行参考和借鉴。

《桃花源记》：土地平旷，屋舍俨然，有良田、美池、桑竹之属。男女衣着，悉如外人，黄发垂髫，并怡然自乐。正如这名垂千古的优美古文一样，梦想与现实总是具有极大差别。在战乱纷争的年代，百姓会梦想着安乐和平，哪怕与世隔绝，也至少能安心过活。梦想有时就是一个无法实现的愿望，但它足够美好。相比梦想，现实就要残酷得多了，它毫不留情地将一切梦想击碎，以此来警告每一个沉溺在梦想中无法自拔的人与年轻百变的梦想相比，现实就像是一个守旧的老人，时刻约束着我们的心。

梦想，有何重要呢?它在我们小时似乎显得十分幼稚，我相信每个人小时都曾有过不着边际的梦想。在我们逐渐成长的过程中，渐渐地学会了很多知识，懂得了很多道理，于是就有了一些难以实现的追求，这就是已经“成熟”的梦想，它是我们内心深处最渴望得到的东西，但我们深知它也许永远也无法实现。既然梦想看起来一无是处，我们又何必浪费时间去设计、想象甚至追求它呢?不是的，梦想可是现实中我们的动力，一旦想到我们要去追求自己的梦想，困难时就不会显得那么无助，现实就显得不那么残酷无情了。

现实有何重要呢?活在当下的我们，逐渐学会了接受现实，但现实它如此冷酷无情，我们的信心被现实一次次击碎，是梦想将它又修复完好;我们的尊严被现实一次次践踏，似乎还是梦想的国度里，才能找回它吧?既然梦想这么重要，我们又何必去弄清现实呢?活在快乐里多好啊!范仲淹曾在《岳阳楼记》中豪爽写下：“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”的千古名句，这是他在庆历新政失败后被贬至邓州时所作。纵观范仲淹的一生，可谓是多灾多难，年幼丧父，他苦读及第，却因秉公直言而屡遭贬斥。假设他自从遇到痛心疾首的苦难，就缩在自己梦想中的襁褓中去，试问那还会有如此一针见血，抨击现实的词句由内而外地倾泻而出?那还会有一个伟大诗人的传奇故事呢?哪怕现实怎样折磨我们，人也只活在现实中，现实给人精神和生命上的养料，梦想只能是精神的慰藉罢了。

于是我们要有强大的梦想，一个任何人都无法强迫我们放弃的梦想，给我们提供动力，同时，还要拥有一颗敢于正视现实的坚不可摧的心。没有梦想的我们，只是一句行尸走肉，每天做着固定的动作;没有胆量面对现实的我们，只是一个“做梦者”，永远也不能使梦想变为现实。梦想只会是梦想，没有现实的努力，再出色的梦想也不会摇身一变成为现实。

小树苗有了惊雷响彻九霄，才养成了参天大树;花苞有了大雨倾洒大地，才散发出明媚花香;峭壁有了海浪激烈喷发，才铸造了光滑岩石。

在现在如此熙熙攘攘的城市，如果大家都随心所欲，没有一点压力可言，社会势必一片混乱，所以说，适度的压力对维持人类社会是十分有必要的。

压力是走向自由的阶梯。

被诱为黑奴的所罗门生活如地狱般悲惨，他的精神上几近崩溃，对明天的绝望，对自由的憧憬，这都是他内心未曾发现的压力。但他的心却是自由的，他的心驻扎在北方，“我想要的不是生存，我想要生活!”因着心，因着不放弃，所罗门才能坚强地熬过十二年奴隶生涯，战胜了自己的压力，战胜了命运之神，甚至可以说战胜了那个黑暗的奴隶社会，最终重获自由。

压力书写华章的神来之笔。

史铁生在他最狂放的年龄残了双腿，在他的世界里什么也找不到，他的路上长满了难以跨越的荆棘。他的心里无疑是充满了压力，不想让母亲的伤心欲绝，不想自己的人生从此充满灰暗。在古园里，为了属于一条自己的路，他寻找了15年，在那段时间里，他没有选择冲向荆棘，而是选择了重新思考，思考人生的方向、思考人生的意义。最终他找到了那条路——写作。将压力化为前所未有的动力，书写了人生的华章。

压力是塑造人的精神力量的良剂。

生活在近代封建社会下的鲁迅，早年他从过商、学过医。目睹了无数的麻木愚昧的国人病态的活着，他最后的选择无疑是令人费解的，但又让人觉得是情理之中。是的，他将自己投身于黑暗之中，用犀利的文笔控诉着这个吃人的社会，企图唤醒沉睡的雄狮，在这个混沌的社会下，在看到了所谓的“东亚病夫”的压力下，成就了“横眉冷对千夫指”的豪情。

压力是人类社会的必要存在，而非闲暇生活下的调剂，古往今来，莫是如此。

叔本华说：“一个人的心灵必须饱受挫折，才能有船舱般的稳重航行于 大海之中，否则将只是凤的玩具。”这里的挫折，难道比不上压力给予精神上的摧残吗?

当别人否定你的汗水时，你会躲在角落中流泪;当别人否定你的努力时，你会坐在房间里发呆;当别人否定你的成果时，你会躺在床上伤心。否定是伤害，是喜悦，更是成功的台阶。

当别人否定你的一切时，这并不代表你的一定都是错的。在此同时，你要找出问题，分析问题，再去解决问题。打破否定的眼光赢回肯定的赞赏，以此成为你成功的台阶。

否定是引领的明灯。尽管这明灯如飘渺的星光，可你却可以将它变得更加闪耀。只要你有心，愿意去放弃自己先前的成果，去专研否定先前的成果。这似迷宫般的问题。当你不断否定前进时，否定就是引领的明灯。带你走出迷宫，来到世外桃园。明灯便因此闪耀。弗兰西斯·培根对自己的实验产品不断否定，使自己的实验产品做到无可挑剔。明灯便成为你成功的台阶。

否定是成功的过程。爱因斯坦在否定中发明了适应千家万户的灯泡;居里夫人在否定中发现了存在铁块中的镭元素;毛泽东在否定中寻找到了如何击退敌人的策略。只有不断否定，不断创新，不断增加新元素，才能有稳定的地基。并在地基的基础上垒出一个城堡。如果地基不稳固，城堡随时会倒塌。否定是一个重要因素;是关键部分;是决定整体发展的趋势。过程将成为你稳固的台阶。

否定是成功的前提。把否定做为自己走向成功的铺垫，要相信前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。跌倒了要知道如何爬起来，不要成为永垂不起的废人。那只是别人的否定性，这并不意味着你没用。要相信自己一定行。让别人的否定成为自己的动力，加快自己前进的脚步。让别人的否定化为使自己更上一层楼的台阶。

否定是你人生中不可缺少的东西，它可以给你带来喜悦、荣耀，也会给你带来鄙视和不信任。尽管如此你完全可以把否定当作审判自己的镜子，严格得审视你的行为是对是错。它就是一个防止你犯错的警钟。

在否定面前我们要不惟上，不惟书，只惟实。要解放思想，与时俱进。要迎面而上，不言后退，敢干批判自己。

成功的台阶，不是普通的石阶，是经过严格、紧密、审核的台阶，是否定的结晶，是成功的步梯。

生于世界上，存于宇宙间，我没有叱咤风云的雄伟气魄，没有武帝扬鞭东指的九死不悔，更没有司马迁成一家之言的宏功伟业，但我渴望陶渊明的怡然自得，渴望能有自己的一片天。

或许，我好像那个摔了跤的小孩，此时正经历炉火的冶炼，家庭，学校，社会的期盼，让我手足失措。虽然摔了一跤，然而我能够再重新爬起，我从来没有怀疑过我的这种能力。

困难非吾畏。我愿自己走下去，摔到了又怎样，失败了又何妨。我只想有一双自由翱翔的翅膀。请让我自己爬起。因为我坚信，一花凋零荒芜不了整个春天；一星陨落，暗淡不了整个宇宙，一次失败，影响不了我对明天的渴望。

困难非吾畏。站在历史的门槛上，捡拾一枚枚成功的贝壳，上面写满了挫折，没有人的一生是一帆风顺的，本为夏阳子，少小越龙门，文采灿华星，铁笔铸英魂。腐刑焉能动，浩志岂自沦，不负男儿志，千秋太史君。成就了“史家之绝唱、无韵之离骚”的他在监狱里过着非人的生活，遭受了人甚耻之的宫刑，然而挫折压不倒他，他不是从挫折中爬起来了吗？

仲尼厄而作《春秋》，孙子膑脚《兵法》修列；不韦迁蜀世传吕览。这些伟人达士都是在历经磨难之后才获得成功的，在挫折之后，帝王将相能成盖世伟业；在困难之后，我要擎起明日之朝阳，以经为径，以陌为纬，寻找我向往的桃花源。

我并不畏惧困难，但我极易迷失方向。太多的关心，让我寝食难安，生怕再次走错的路，太多的爱也会使我娇生惯养。我不惧怕困难，我渴望战胜困难的勇气和信心。

在这竞争日益激烈，越来越纸醉金迷的世界里，没有自己爬起的能力就无法长久立足。我热切的希望获得这种能力。

不要用言语打击我的自信，我用激扬的热血再获重生，也不要用手助我一臂之力，我会勇敢的自己站起。不是全部的压力都会有好的收获，必要时，请给我自由的空间。我要感谢全部的关心和爱，但我更加地呼唤属于我的空间。给我自己爬起的机会吧！不是全部的完美都成就人，也并非全部的遗憾都一事无存。困难我不怕，请让我自己站起。

结庐在人境，而无车马喧。问君何能尔？心远地自偏。采菊东篱下，悠然见南山。山气日夕佳，飞鸟相与还。此中有真意，欲辩已忘言。好一首《归园田居》，好一个视功利为粪土的陶渊明，好一派平淡的生平。

轰轰烈烈的生活我不喜欢，惊天动地的举措我没有去做过。朋友们，在这个激越的年月里，我却钟爱一种平淡，因为那是一种享受。

品一杯香茗，翻几页书，每有会意，便欣然忘食，平淡是一种享受。

看着李清照东篱把酒黄昏后，有暗香盈袖，一种凄美的平淡，却是“帘卷西风，人比黄花瘦”的叹息，因为她有着令人羡慕的前半段生活，待到末年时，过着平淡的生活，就耐不住那寂寞了。

平淡，是一种享受。桃花源便是陶渊明平淡的畅想的境界。在那里，人们老有所养，幼有所乐，人们尽享平淡的天伦之乐。

平淡，是一种享受。刘禹锡“巴山楚水凄凉地，二十三年弃置身”。没有功名，没有皇帝的垂青，终于在平淡中明白“沉舟侧畔千帆过，病树前头万木春”。而他在享受平淡中是否悟出了那真意？

平淡，是一种享受。吴钧在与朱元思书中，早已告诉了我们。他是一个享受平淡之人，在富春江中从流飘荡、任意东西。因为他平息热衷功名利禄之心，放弃经纶事务之任，他过得平淡、潇洒，一种快乐和喜悦溢于言表。

平淡，是一种享受。欧阳修虽遭贬谪，但却在平淡的生活中与滁民同乐，没有悲叹，没有灰心丧气，而是享受一种平淡的快乐，所以他才有“醉翁之意不在酒，在乎山水之间也”。

平淡，我是宇宙中之一员，我不喜欢灯红酒绿，成名利欲。在平淡中，可以读古人之心；在平淡中，可以观自然之美；在平淡中，可以明白事物；在平淡中，可以感动彻悟；在平淡中，可以兼济天下；在平淡中，可以拥有许多。

高处不胜寒。起舞弄清影，何似在人间。古人有古人的平淡，我也有我的平淡。平淡即生活，平淡即快乐，快乐即享受。虽然现在的我尚年小，没有明白那陶渊明的“真意”，但我想让喧哗的齿轮在内心停止，让平淡带来宁静的喜悦，这是一种生活，也是一种享受。

平淡，也是一种享受，来自于心灵深处。

“理想是石，敲出星星之火；理想是火，点燃熄灭的灯；理想是灯，照亮夜行的路；理想是路，引您走到黎明……”人生如蜡，理想如芯，没有了理想，人生还有何意义？有梦想萦绕的日子是非常宝贵的，有理想相伴的感觉是充实的。理想，驱散了人生路上的每一处黑暗！

历，无数能人志士、文人墨客、能工巧匠都是因为拥有理想，才使得人生更加有意义，作出更多非凡成就。

理想是沙漠中的绿洲，给予您生存的希望。司马迁年轻时遵从父亲遗愿，立志写一部能够“藏之名山，传之后人”的史书。在他着手撰写这部史书期间，受李陵案牵连被捕入狱，受尽酷 刑，司马迁一度打算自 杀，却因撰写史书心愿未了而顽强地活下来，历时18载，终于完成《史记》这部着作，史料丰富翔实，备受后人推崇，开创我国纪传体通史的先河。

理想是大海中的灯塔，给予您前进的方向。王羲之酷爱书法，自小立志成为大书法家，每天勤学苦练，老师却将他的字称作“死字”。为此王羲之曾一蹶不振，后来受父母劝导，迷惘间入山拜师学艺，日复一日、年复一年地练习，直到他写完第十八缸水后，师傅才允许他出师。自此其书法已成气候，字体端秀清新，“飘若浮云，矫若惊龙”，被后人传赞为“书圣”。

理想是风雨中的港湾，给予您无穷的斗志。鲁班出生工匠世家，从小耳濡目染继承了精湛的技术，并立志要将它发扬光大。一次，国王下达任务，要求20天内建造一座宫殿，可完成宫殿需要300根巨木，凭当时的工具根本无法按时完成。鲁班一度意志消沉，让弟子们离开，准备一人承担罪责。但想到自己未竞的理想，又重新燃起斗志，经过反复实践研究，终于制造出“锯”，大幅提高了采伐速度，按时完成了任务。从此，鲁班信心大增，遇事不再颓丧，通过观察生活，又陆续发明了刨子、云梯等工具，其美名在民间广泛流传，对后代工匠技术的进步产生了深远影响。

没有理想，人生就如荒漠般没有生机；没有理想，人生就如黑夜般没有光明；没有理想，人生就如迷宫般没有方向。让我们用理想的明灯驱散生活的迷雾，照亮人生的路途，让我们在崇高理想的指引下，一路披荆斩棘，努力实现自己的人生价值！

微笑的责任——铸就青春

微笑是忠于青春的守护者，微笑的责任是铸就青春。那潇洒而绚烂的青春时代，雕刻着栩栩如生的魅惑，点化着翎羽泫然的骄傲，而这些，终究是微笑一手栽种的责任。

——题记

(一)碎玉轩、碎裂的镜折射出万千耀眼的太阳

毛颖，十八岁那一年挥毫了温柔如水的诗篇，名字叫微笑。

那一如笔笔勾勒中国水墨画般的仔细斟酌，又一如着名雕刻家罗丹大师琢刻雕塑一般的细致精品。这，终究是最美的。有人问为何，毛颖便绽出一抹恬静的微笑——那一如她的诗稿般的温柔。若是放在阳光下，这诗篇，是否可以温柔的滴出水来呢?笑颜，霎时将微笑一词的诠释升华到了极致!

那从容优雅，青春飞扬的自信和温柔，来源于微笑的铸就!

“塑造微笑，便是塑造青春，微笑的责任，就是温柔了青春。”

亲，你可见过这样的青春，这样的责任?

(二)篱落文静、一袭白衣的温文尔雅

他是个爱歌的人。好的DV。

罩着耳机在阳台上听音乐的时候，嘴角微微勾起，他会宁静而闲适的醉在音乐里。骨子里散发出来的那朝气蓬勃的青春气质，是无论如何都比不了的自然和儒雅。

一袭素衣，白静而简单，清清爽爽。

风度翩翩的他，一副好嗓子，赢得了不少的青睐，磁磁的男嗓音，经典的凝练。温柔的微笑，温柔的青春，温柔的成功。那嘴角浅浅的微笑，终究那青春为筹码，打造了成功的人生剪影。

如此温柔，如此经典的微笑，持续他的责任……

(三)叛逆九零后，责任——魅惑唯美的潇洒

饶芯，叛逆而魅惑的九零后。

一整天一身丁玲当啷的破破烂烂的“乞丐服”，金属物叮叮当当的碰撞，发出清脆的声音，招牌表情就是卡哇伊的天使笑容，沉鱼落雁?闭月羞花?勾魂摄魄?倾国倾城?九零后，叛逆而潇洒的年代，肆意妄为不顾一切的性格像疯草般地开始蔓延……一如千年的枯藤，固执而任性的死死钳住了我们的所谓“新潮思想”。

但是，那狡猾的坏坏的可爱的微笑，是不是青春呢?

是，那是的青春的见证!

我说过，微笑是青春的见证，青春离不开微笑的色彩。微笑的责任就是用温柔一色的经典凝成了一塌美丽的回忆……微笑的责任就是用锦绣一般的绚烂表情铸就青春。

青春是一首明媚的歌，暗藏谁的殇……青春的微笑，升华青春。

微笑的责任，铸就了一切……

一缕阳光，即使在寒冷的冬天，也能给人如春般的温暖。那火红炽热的太阳啊，便是这温暖坚实的“底气”。一棵大树，纵使季节轮回，也依然固守家园，不畏风霜雨雪，依然枝繁叶茂。那土地里粗壮的根系，便是大树硕果累累的“底气”。“底气”，是一种最基础的信心与力量，它总是在默默坚守着自己的职责，在最危险的时刻，发挥大力量，是人生最坚不可摧的精神支柱！

透过历史的风尘，“底气”中的自信与力量不断留驻在中华文化的画卷纸上。“我自横刀向天笑，去留肝胆两昆仑！”谭嗣同，这一杰出的变法人士，在维新变法失败的那一刻，当看到不断地有变法人士退缩的那一刻，当朋友劝他赶快逃跑的那一刻，他却依然坚守自己的底气：“各国变法无不流血，唯中国不是如此，今天我就要以我的鲜血警醒世人……”他那充满“底气”的鲜血，永远闪耀在中华历史的星空之上。他那最基础的信心与力量，在生命的最后时刻，发出了人生最响亮的呐喊！

那个稚气未脱的少年——刘伟，在一次触电事故中失去双臂。在他痛苦迷茫之中，是对生命渴望，是生命中最基础的信心与力量——底气，将他拉到另一个起跑线，不知疲惫地刻苦训练，付出比常人超出多少倍的努力，他终于参加了残运会游泳比赛并获得了奖牌，就在他信心十足，向残奥会冲刺时，命运又一次和他开了个致命的玩笑——他得了过敏性紫癜。从此，他与游泳比赛再也无缘，多年的努力和梦想化为泡影。面对如此沉重的打击。“底气”，让刘伟又一次站了起来——用脚趾弹琴。常人双手弹琴都得付出努力和艰辛，十指不分丫的双脚能行么？又是他骨子里那种不服输的“底气”，让他在短短的不到两年时间，就弹出七级钢琴师的水平，成为了中国第一个无臂钢琴师。也成为感动中国十大人物之一。当命运缚住了他的双臂，他却为梦想插上了翅膀，那变幻的琴声，是他努力飞翔的旋律。

是谁，弹出世间之绝唱？是那位双耳失聪的巨人！拥有底气，灵魂得以升华！

是谁，吟出千古之篇章？是那位自由潇洒的诗仙，拥有底气，心灵得以自由！

是谁，成就昌盛朝？是那位忍辱负重的小卒，拥有底气，生命得以永恒！

“底气”，这个生命中最基础的信心与力量，一旦迸发，就会像蛟龙掠过小河浅滩，到浩瀚的海洋里击水三千；就会像大鹏掠过平地低谷，在苍茫的天宇中扶摇直上！

拥有底气，创造辉煌！

生命源于运动，这是更古不变的真理我们每一个人都是需要运动的，只有运动才会使我们的生命保持活力。当今社会中，有着越来越多的人出现了精神萎靡的状态，他们逐渐变得没有丝毫精神，眼神中的神采也在逐渐消失，请问这些人究竟都怎么了?我认为这些人，他们并不是像审问你了，而是因为运动太少而导致精神力不足。精神的力量是一种很神奇的力量一趟门可以完全掌握这股精神的力量，那么我们可以无往不摧，战无不胜。

无论在什么时候无论是学习，是生活我们对车都需要这股精神的力量，精神的力量是很强大的。他可以帮助我们完成一些不可思议的事情。我们学习并不是很好，但是由于我们精神很强大。我们能吃苦能耐劳，我们最后的结果一定是好的。或许我们只是一个平凡的人，但是由于我们精神力很强大，我们可以通过自己的努力去奋斗，去努力，去努力成为一个人上人。奋斗并不指的是我们单纯的去奋斗，甚至可以设我们的心灵在奋斗，只有我们的心灵在不断的奋斗，我们的身体也就可以在不断的奋斗。这样我们便能不断的进步，不断断升华。在不断的升华中，我们的心灵会变得更加高尚。这样我们会变得更加强大。

通过运动我们的心智也在不断的成熟。我们经历的事情也越来越多，这样我们在面对挫折的时候，自控力也会越来越强大。运动的好处可不止这些。只有我们通过自己的不断运动。体会到一件又一件的好处之后，我们才能真正理解什么叫做生命在于运动。运动始于生命。记得有这么一件事儿，有一个人天生。身体有缺陷他走路比较困难但是，他不气馁，不放弃，他靠着自己顽强的意志力去运动，去不断的去行走。这样，奇迹发生了他站起来了不但站起来了而且还可以行走了，走的也非常的顺利。其实仔细想想，我们每一个人都是处在不断学习的过程中。我们在学习，这样我们的生命可以得到的升华。如果们不在学习，我们开始放弃，那样人生的意义将不会再实现。生命将不会再有它自己存在的意义。生命的意义将会被我们所毁掉。为了使生命的意义得到延续，我们必须要不断的去学习，去运动。张扬自己的风格我们应该努力的去学习一些必备的生活技能，只有这样才能在任何环境中不被生活所淘汰。现在这个社会中不劳而获的人越来越多，难道他们就真的没有生活的能力吗?我认为不是这样的，我认为这都是因为他们的懒惰而造成的。如果他们不在懒惰下去，他们靠着自己的双手也能撑起属于他们自己的一片天。

现在让我们一起好好的完成自己的使命吧。生命不息，运动不止。我们一起去奋斗，去发扬自己的风格吧。

苏霍姆林斯基曾说过：“在人类心灵的花园中，最质朴，最美丽和最平凡的花朵是人的教养。”教养就犹如人生的决定者，指引你未来的路;教养是一杯清茶，甜甜淡淡却后味无穷;教养是一阵清风，轻轻柔柔却和熙万里。因为教养，所以拥有璀璨人生。

教养是血红的河中泛出的尊严与忠诚。有些名字，也许在历史的风尘中渐渐被人们淡出记忆，但岳飞一名，永载史册，万古流芳。在战火纷乱中，一道道加急召回令从京城发出，那是屈辱与猜疑的到来。一生忠诚的岳飞毅然回程，为表忠心，跪在河，断然自刎。破烂的衣衫遮不住“精忠报国”四个大字!一河的水被染红了，一代人的心也被撼动了。岳飞到死也记得从小母亲教他的精忠报国，赤城的血顺着河流到了他的家乡，流到了他幼时母亲教养他的地方，流入了每个中华炎孙的心里……正是因为岳飞母亲从小教养，才成就了岳飞这一代英雄，才培养了岳飞这一朝忠臣!让教养从小开始，从正道大爱开始，真真切切的流进每一个人的心中。

教养是黑暗的世界跳出的乐观与坚强。当我们在奢侈的享受这阳光与大自然时，有一位女孩却生活在无尽的黑暗中，那就还海伦·凯勒。天生聋瞎的她没有办法享受世界的美好，上帝像是开了一个玩笑，忘记给她安装眼睛和耳朵，但是却给了她一颗坚强而乐观的心。即使身在黑暗，但她却不颓废、不放弃，一生与书为伴，与书为友，在书中寻找世界的光明与声音。她如此卓越其实很大一部分原因来自于她的家庭教师，她曾经说过老师是她最想看到最想感谢的人。她的老师从小与她相伴，教她学习，教她生活，更教养她，让她坚强乐观。正是这不离不弃的教养才出得这样一位伟人，用一生战胜天命。教养是让人走正道，有恒心，坚强的源泉，让教养的光芒照射没一个人吧!

教养是山水田间中留存的悠闲与淡泊。在那山水田间中有一草屋，那是谁的住处，那么随意?那是陶渊明的。他不爱朝堂，独爱田园;他不爱名利，独爱自然;他不爱束缚，愿享清贫自由。他似一匹野马脱缰飞驰却不爆裂;他似一只雄鹰展翅高飞却不凶猛;他似一朵天山兰莲洁白超脱却身处平凡。他用一生书写淡泊，一生教养衬出淡泊名利，不势利。他就是真正的悠然伟人，教养伴随了他一生，也成就了他一生。正是教养，才让他做自我。

教养是茶，苦涩却细品甘甜，让教养伴随我，让教养注进血液，陪伴一生，让人成长灿烂!

生修堂中医院名誉院长。王鹤滨 ，1924年4月5日出生在河北白洋淀安新县。我国著名医学专家。原毛泽东主席的保健医生、生活秘书(中央办公厅任命)，同时兼任刘少奇、朱德、周恩来、任弼时的保健医生及中南海门诊部主任。并获苏联医学博士，研究员，享受国务院颁发的政府特殊津贴。担任过公安部九局检验主任、核工业部安防卫生局局长、苏州医学院常务副院长等职。王老根据自己多年临床经验的分析整理，独创了许多在临床上对某些特殊病症行之有效的中西医合璧的治疗方法。在国内外发表论文30余篇，出版《受寒性肌——神经综合征的临床表现与治疗》等专著9部。此外，王鹤滨还著有《紫云轩的主人——我所接触的毛泽东》、《毛泽东的保健生活与养生之道》、《毛泽东的饮食与保健之生活饮食篇》、《毛泽东的饮食与保健之生活保健篇》等作品。 刘元禄国家级名中医、二级教授、主任医师、硕士、博士研究生导师。毕业于辽宁中医药大学，从事中医骨伤科专业四十三年，兼任世界中医药联合会骨伤科分会常务理事、国家食品药品监督管理局新药评审专家、科技成果评审专家、辽宁省中医药学会常务理事及骨伤科分会主任委员。省、市医疗职称、医疗事故评审鉴定专家。曾多次应邀去俄罗斯、马来西亚、澳大利亚、泰国、韩国、日本、新加坡等国工作、讲学、考察。擅长治疗骨科疑难杂症、颈腰椎病、骨关节病、痛风、骨与关节外伤、滑膜炎等。 曲生教授，男，吉林省名中医，长春名医，长春中医药大学客座教授，长春大学兼职教授，长春市中医院业务院长，主任医师，长春中医药大学硕士生导师，黑龙江中医药大学博士生导师，享受国务院特殊津贴。长春有突出贡献的专家，时任中国中医药学会内科委员会委员，吉林省中医学会常务理事，长春市中医学会副理事长，兼秘书长，内科专科委员会主任委员，长春市抗癌学会中医委员会主任委员，长春市人体气功研究会常务理事，长春市科协委员，国家老中医药专家学术经验继承者，二、三、四批指导老师，曾荣获长春市劳动模范，长春市卫生系统白求恩式的卫生工作者，长春市卫生局优秀共产党员，拔尖人才，并连续十一年荣获长春市科协先进工作者。现任吉林省中医学会顾问，建国六十周年前夕曾获长春市卫生功勋奖，建党九十周年前夕，曾获吉林省卫生厅长春卫生局卫生忠诚奖。曲生教授作为吉林省著名老中医，从医四十余年，在临床实践中对脾胃病、咳喘病、肺病、转氨酶升高的肝病、结节性红斑等治疗有独到之处，对急慢性肾炎、肾功能不全、冠心病、肝病、肝硬化、血小板减少性紫癜、再生障碍性贫血、各类风湿及妇女月经不调、痛经、经漏等病的治疗也都有良好的效果。 李延，1942年出生，1963年从医，现已50余年。曾任黑龙江中医药大学成人教育学院院长，黑龙江中医药大学附属医院院长，主任医师，教授，硕士生导师，博士生导师，黑龙江省名中医，全国名中医 带徒老师，并享受国务院政府津贴。先后担任中华中医药学会医院管理委员会副主任委员全国中医药学会副理事长，中华中西医结合学会肝病委员会委员，黑龙江省 中医药学会和中西医结合学会常务理事，黑龙江省中医药学会和中西医结合学会肝病委员会主任委员，黑龙江省成人教育学会理事长。曾被评为全国卫生先进工作者，全国卫生行风建设先进工作者，黑龙江省防洪建设和防非典先进工作者，以及黑龙江省教书育人先进工作者。本人擅长中医内科疾病的治疗，精研祖国医学，学 术融汇中西医，古不乖时，今不同弊。重视临床，着眼实效，其五十年的医学生涯，积累了丰富经验。特别对许多危重疑难病的中医治疗，独具匠心，功效卓著。 张金良，男，主任医师，教授，黑龙江省著名中医肝胆病专家，全国名老中医带徒专家，从事中医内科医疗工作近50年，对于中医学基础理论及各家学说造诣精深，具有临床实践与理论教学的丰富经验。专长于乙丙肝、肝硬化、肝癌等各种肝胆类疾病的中医药治疗。现任中华中医肝胆协会委员，黑龙江省中医肝胆病专业委员会委员、黑龙江中西结合肝胆病专业委员会副主任委员、黑龙江中医药肝胆病专业委员会副主任委员。并于2008年8月10日，正式成立张金良肝胆病工作室，传承传统医学，造福广大肝胆病患者。 杨守范(主任医师，教授，黑龙江中医药大学硕士生导师)，1962年毕业于哈尔 滨医科大学。医疗特色：中医医疗教学妇科科研50年，2001年荣获全国中西医结合贡献奖。曾获奖课题：省政府颁发科技进步奖三项;省中药管理局科技进步奖五项。临床特色：妇科三绝不孕症：由输卵管阻塞导致不孕症，采取输卵管“盆腔给药法”，并配合中药(口服中药和中药灌肠)。既疏通了阻塞的输卵管又使药达病所，治愈率达到83.3%。获得了省政府科技进步奖。慢性盆腔炎、盆腔炎性粘连：采用中药口服灌肠和 微波治疗，治愈率达到90%以上。外阴白斑：患者外阴瘙痒、萎缩、癌变，对患者身心健康摧残十分严重，属难治之症。采取外阴局部穴位封闭加上中药熏洗、上药，疗效显著。同时根据多年医疗经验，对子宫内膜异位症、多囊卵巢综合症、围绝经期综合征、痛经、各种生殖器炎症、月经病(功能失调子宫出血、闭经、月经过少或淋漓不断等)、妊娠恶阻、胎动不安(先兆流产)、妊娠中毒症、产后各种并发症等，均有独特的治疗方法，并获得可喜疗效。 王富春，男，教授，博士生导师。现任长春中医药大学针灸推拿学院院长，吉林省名中医、吉林省管优秀专家，全国优秀教师，国家中医药管理局重点学科针灸学科带头人，中国针灸学会针推结合专业委员会秘书长，吉林省针灸学会常务副会长，国家中医药管理局重点学科带头人，吉林省重点学科带头人，吉林省有突出贡献专家。目前主持国家973课题、国家自然资金项目、博士点基金项目、国家中医药管理局课题等20余项，发表学术论文150余篇，主编出版学术著作100余部，获得省部级奖项20项，培养国内外博士、硕士研究生100余名。王富春教授长期从事特定穴理论与临床应用研究，在全国率先提出了“合募配穴治疗六腑病”等特定穴配伍理论，总结出“镇静安神法”治疗失眠、“振阳针法”治疗阳痿、“调胱固摄法”治疗小儿遗尿、“补气化瘀法”治疗中风等独特的针灸治疗方法，独创“王氏穴贴疗法”，活络止痛贴、止咳平喘贴、导滞通便贴、暖宫贴、止泻贴等对咳嗽、哮喘、痛经、月经不调、高血脂、高血压、肥胖症、便秘、扭挫伤等症具有显著疗效。临床还擅长治疗颈肩腰腿痛、头痛、面瘫、中风后遗症及内科其他疑难杂症。

王春值发表过的论文

王春的词语解释是：《公羊传．隐公元年》:'元年春，王正月春者何?岁之始也;王者孰谓文王也。'后以'王春'指阴历新春。 王春的词语解释是：《公羊传．隐公元年》:'元年春，王正月春者何?岁之始也;王者孰谓文王也。'后以'王春'指阴历新春。 结构是：王(独体结构)春(上下结构)。 拼音是：wáng chūn。 注音是：ㄨㄤ_ㄔㄨㄣ。王春的具体解释是什么呢，我们通过以下几个方面为您介绍：一、引证解释【点此查看计划详细内容】⒈后以“王春”指阴历新春。引《公羊传·隐公元年》：“元年春，王正月春者何？岁之始也；王者孰谓？谓文王也。”唐杜甫《暮春送马大卿赴阙》诗：“卿月_金掌，王春度玉墀。”宋臧鲁子《满庭芳》词：“好是王春正月维岳降，膺此神休。”明张居正《贺元旦表》之二：“王春司令，紫宸臻首祚之祥。”清顾炎武《元旦陵下作》诗：“山川通御气，节物到王春。”二、网络解释王春（解放军艺术学院演员）王春，性别男，青年演员，毕业于解放军艺术学院，出演过电影《挺进东北》、《横空出世》；电视剧《天下粮仓》《四合院》《延安颂》《我是一个兵》《血色浪漫》等多部电视剧，话剧《一个绝望的人》并在中央电视台播出过个人作品《网络爱情》、《白色幽灵》。关于王春的诗词《和王记室从赵王春日游陀山寺》《使辽作·王春今日是》《元日自警·王春肇嘉气》关于王春的诗句好是王春正月又值王春正月投闲更欲讲王春关于王春的成语霸王别姬王尊叱驭王祥卧冰富埒王侯南面王乐当刑而王王孙贵戚公子王孙王侯将相称王称伯关于王春的词语王祥卧冰鹅王择乳南面王乐天王下界王侯将相富埒王侯公子王孙王孙贵戚当刑而王成王败寇关于王春的造句1、只见他单手操针，精准地向王春华前额的腰痛穴扎了进去，停顿一两秒后，迅速拔出。2、刘改嫁，王春娥织布，与老仆薛保含辛茹苦，抚养倚哥。3、修水县教体局高招办副主任王春生收受管理服务对象礼金问题。4、据山西晋城纪委监察局网站消息，日前，山西晋城市沁水县纪委对县综治办主任王春龙涉嫌严重违纪违法问题进行了立案调查。5、要是没有好心人王春诚的“铁肩”给跳楼女子“垫背”，也许轻生女子许冬娇就不会那么幸运地活下来。点此查看更多关于王春的详细信息

转摘More and more scholars are now showing an interest in adopting linguistic approaches to translation studies. Between 1949 and 1989, an incomplete survey by the author revealed that there were only about 30 textbook passages discussing the relationship between linguistics and translation, including aspects of general linguistics, pragmatics, stylistics, text linguistics, rhetoric and machine translation. From 1990 to 1994, there was an incredible increase in the number of passages looking at translation from a linguistic point of view. Almost 160 articles published over these five years concerned translation and general linguistics, stylistics, comparative linguistics, semantics, pragmatics, sociolinguistics, text linguistics, rhetoric, etc. New terms such as discourse analysis, hermeneutics, dynamic equivalence, deep structure and surface structure, context, theme and rheme, cooperative principles, to mention just a few, appeared in the field of translation studies. We can definitely identify a trend of applying linguistics theories to translation studies in these years. Today, we are at the point of questioning whether linguistics is a necessary part of translation. In recent years, some scholars who are in favour of free translation, have repeatedly raised this question to the public and appealed for an end to the linguistic approach to translation. Some firmly believe that translation is an art and that therefore linguistics is neither useful nor helpful. Such a claim is wrong if we look at translation as a whole, including scientific translation where meanings are rigid and restricted and the degree of freedom is limited. Flexibility, in this case, is neither required nor appreciated. But even in literary translation, linguistics is hardly a burden. Wang Zongyan pointed out that « If one sees linguistics as a body of rules regulating language, translators most probably will yawn with boredom. If it signifies the use of words and locutions to fit an occasion, there is nothing to stop translators from embracing linguistics » (Wang 1991: 38). The controversy over « literal » versus « free » translation has a long history, with convincing supporters on each side. For example, ancient Western scholars like Erasmus, Augustine, and others were in favour of literal translation. Among early Chinese translators, Kumarajiva is considered to be of the free school, while Xuan Zuang appears as literal and inflexible. In modern China, Yan Fu advocated hermeneutic translation, while Lu Xun preferred a clumsy version to one that was free but inexact. There is nothing wrong in any of these stances. When these translators emphasized free translation they never denied the possibility of literal translation, and vice versa. Problems only arise when the discussion turns to equivalent translations. The problem of equivalence has caused much controversy. Some people believed that there could be an equivalence of language elements independent of the setting in which they of occurred. Based on this assumption, some « literal » translators tried to decompose a text into single elements in hopes of finding equivalents in the target language. This is a naive idea. Jakobson (1971: 262) notes that « Equivalence in difference is the cardinal problem of language and the pivotal concern of linguistics. » He does not refer to « equivalence » but to « equivalence in difference » as the cardinal problem. Nida was also misunderstood by many for his notion of « equivalence, » which he took to mean that « Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style » (1969: 12). He further concluded that « Absolute equivalence in translating is never possible » (1984: 14). De Beaugrande and Dressler believed that the success or failure of either free or literal approaches was uncertain: an unduly « literal » translation might be awkward or even unintelligible, while an unduly « free » one might make the original text disintegrate and disappear altogether. To them, equivalence between a translation and an original can only be realized in the experience of the participants (cf. de Beaugrande and Dressler 1981: 216-217). Catford (1965: 27) expressed the same concern that equivalent translation is only « an empirical phenomenon, discovered by comparing SL and TL texts. » In citing the above examples, I have absolutely no intention of insisting on untranslatability. What I mean is that a translator should incorporate his or her own experience and processing activities into the text: solving the problems, reducing polyvalence, explaining away any discrepancies or discontinuities. Linguistic knowledge can help us treat different genres in different ways, always with an awareness that there are never exact equivalences but only approximations. Therefore, amplification and simplification become acceptable. If we agree that texts can be translated, then, in what way does linguistics contribute to translation? To answer this question, we must look at the acceptance of western linguistics in China and its influence on translation. Systematic and scientific study of the Chinese language came into being only at the end of the last century, when Ma Jianzhong published a grammar book Mashi Wentong «马氏文通» in 1898, which was the first in China and took the grammar of Indo-European languages as its model. The study of language was, in turn, influenced by translation studies in China. In Mashi Wenton, the main emphasis is on the use of morphology, which takes up six-sevenths of the book. Influenced by the dominant trend of morphological studies, a word was regarded as the minimum meaningful unit, and a sentence was therefore the logical combination of words of various specific types. Translation was, then, principally based on the unit of the word. In the West, Biblical translation provided a very good example, just as the translation of Buddhist scriptures did in China. Not until the end of the 19th century did some linguists come to realize that sentences were not just the summary of the sequenced words they contained. The Prague School, founded in the 1920s, made a considerable contribution to the study of syntax. According to the analytic approach of the Functional Perspective of the Prague School, a sentence can be broken down into two parts: theme and rheme. Theme is opposed to rheme in a manner similar to the distinction between topic and comment, and is defined as the part of a sentence which contributes least to advancing the process of communication. Rheme, on the other hand, is the part of a sentence which adds most to advancing the process of communication and has the highest degree of communicative dynamism. These two terms help enlighten the process of translating Chinese into English. In the mid-1950s, the study of syntax peaked with the Chomsky's establishment of transformational-generative grammar. This theory of the deep structure and surface structure of language influenced translation tremendously. Nida relied heavily on this theory in developing his « analyzing-transfering-reconstructing » pattern for translation. Some Chinese linguists, in the meantime, tried to raise language studies to a higher plane. Li Jinxi (1982) enlarged the role of sentence studies in his book A New Chinese Grammar, two thirds of which was devoted to discussing sentence formation or syntax. He writes that « No words can be identified except in the context of a sentence. » The study was then improved by other grammarians, including Lu Shuxiang, Wang Li. With the development of linguistic studies, translation based on the unit of the sentence was put forward by some scholars. It was Lin Yu-Tang who first applied the theory to translation in his article « On Translation. » He claimed that « translation should be done on the basis of the sentence [...] What a translator should be faithful to is not the individual words but the meaning conveyed by them » (Lin 1984: r 3). The importance of context in the understanding of a sentence was therefore emphasized. Chao Yuanren, a Chinese scholar and professor at Harvard University, criticized scholars and translators who tended to forget this point and take language for something independent and self-sufficient. In fact, it is obvious that when we translate a sentence, we depend on its context; when we interpret an utterance we rely on the context of the speech (cf. Chao 1967). When a sentence is removed from the text, it usually becomes ambiguous due to the lack of context. Therefore, translation becomes difficult. In the 1960s, people began to realize that the study of language based on sentences was not even sufficient. A complete study should be made of the whole text. A simple sentence like « George passed » may have different interpretations in different contexts. If the context is that of an examination, it means George did well on a test; in a card game it would indicate that George declined his chance to bid; in sports it would mean the ball reached another player. Without a context, how could we decide on a translation? Linguists therefore shifted their attention to the study of texts and to discourse analysis. Text linguistics have become increasingly popular since that time. Van Dijk was a pioneer in this field, and his four-volume edition of the Handbook of Discourse Analysis is of great value. Halliday's Cohesion in English and Introduction to Functional Grammar help us to better understand the English language on a textual level. It is worth noting that de Beaugrande and Dressler (1981) provided an overall and systematic study of text, which is useful to translation studies. De Beaugrande actually wrote a book called Factors in a Theory of Poetic Translating in 1978. The book did not become very popular as it confined the discussion to translating poetry. At the same time, books on a linguistic approach to translation were introduced into China, such as the works of Eugene Nida, Peter Newmarks, J.C. Catford, Georges Mounin, and others. These books gave a great push to the application of linguistic theories to translation studies in China. Textual or discoursive approaches to the study of translation could not keep pace with the development of text linguistics. Some studies remained on the syntactic or semantic level, though even there textual devices were employed. In talking about the translation units of word and text, Nida wrote: ... average person naively thinks that language is words, the common tacit assumption results that translation involves replacing a word in language A with a word in language B. And the more « conscientious » this sort of translation is, the more acute. In other words, the traditional focus of attention in translation was on the word. It was recognized that that was not a sufficiently large unit, and therefore the focus shifted to the sentence. But again, expert translators and linguists have been able to demonstrate that individual sentences, in turn, are not enough. The focus should be on the paragraph, and to some extent on the total discourse. (Nida and Tabber 1969: 152) From that statement we can see that Nida regards a discourse as something larger than a paragraph, as an article with a beginning and an ending. Nida himself never applied text linguistics to translation, and there might be some confusion if we use his term in our interpretation of discourse, because discourse analysis is not merely a study based on a larger language structure. Some Chinese scholars did make the effort to apply text linguistics to the theory and practice of translation. Wang Bingqin's article (1987) was the first academic paper of this sort. He stated his aim to study and discover the rules governing the internal structure of a text in light of text linguistics. He analyzed numerous examples using textual analysis, but unfortunately, all the samples he collected were descriptions of scenery or quotations from the books of great scholars--no dialogue, no illocutionary or perlocutionary forces in the language. He failed to provide a variety of examples. For this reason, his research findings are largely restricted to rhetorical texts in ancient China (cf. Wang 1981; Luo 1994). Scholars like He Ziran applied pragamatics to translation. He's article (1992) put forth two new terms, « pragmalinguistics » and « socio-pragmatics » which, in translation, refer respectively to « the study of pragmatic force or language use from the viewpoint of linguistic sources » and to « the pragmatic studies which examine the conditions on language use that derive from the social and cultural situation. » He discusses the possibility of applying the pragmatic approach to translation in order to achieve a pragmatic equivalent effect between source and target texts; that is, to reproduce the message carried by the source language itself, as well as the meaning carried by the source language within its context and culture. In this article he tries to distinguish « pragma-linguistics » from « socio-pragmatics » but finally admits that « Actually, a clear line between pragma-linguistics and socio-pragmatics may sometimes be difficult to draw. » Still he insists that the application of the pragmatic approach to translation is helpful and even necessary. Ke Wenli (1992) argued that semantics, which in a broad sense combines semantics and pragmatics, should be studied to help understand, explain and solve some of the problems encountered in translation. In this article, he examines four semantic terms--« sense and reference, » « hyponomy, » « changes of meaning » and « context »--giving many examples to illusrate the importance of having some general knowledge of semantics and of understanding the relationship between semantics and translation. This article is clearly written and readers can easily draw inspiration from it. These linguistics approaches shed new lights on the criteria of « faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance » defined by Yan Fu. Chinese scholars began to criticize the vagueness of these three criteria and endeavored to give them concrete significance through the theories of western linguistics. The result is that the content of these three traditional criteria has been greatly enriched, especially by the effect equivalence theory, which in a broad sense means that the target language should be equivalent to the source language from a semantic, pragmatic, and stylistic point of view. But we are still unable to evaluate translations in a very scientific way. Therefore, Chinese scholars like Fan Shouyi, Xu Shenghuan and Mu Lei embarked on quantitative analyses of translations and used the fuzzy set theory of mathematics in accomplishing their analysis. Fan published several articles on this field of study. His 1987 and 1990 articles evaluate translations according to a numerical quantity of faithfulness. Xu's article « A Mathematical Model for Evaluating a Translation's Quality » presents a normal mathematical model. He states that it is difficult to produce an absolutely accurate evaluation of translations with this model because of the uncertainty and randomness of man's thought process. Making such analysis more accurate and objective would require further research. The unit in translation is a hard nut to crack. Without solving this problem, no research in translation studies will ever be sufficient. To date, very few people have focused their research on this area. Nida holds that the unit should be the sentence, and in a certain sense, the discourse. Barkhudarov (1993: 40), Soviet linguist and translation theorist, suggests that: translation is the process of transforming a speech product (or text) produced in one language into a speech product (or text) in another language. [...] It follows that the most important task of the translator who carries out the process of transformation, and of the theorist who describes or creates a model for that process, is to establish the minimal unit of translation, as it is generally called, the unit of translation in the source text. Though he notes the importance of the unit of translation in a text and considers that this unit can be a unit on any level of language, he fails to point out what a text is and how it might be measured in translation. Halliday's notion of the clause might be significant in this case. To him, a clause is a basic unit. He distinguishes three functions of a clause: textual, interpersonal and ideational. According to Halliday, these functions are not possessed by word or phrase. But he is not quite successful in analyzing the relationship between clause and text (cf. Halliday 1985). In China, some people have tried to solve this problem. Wang Dechun (1987: 10) more or less shares Bakhudarov's view that the translation unit cannot be confined just to sentences. In some ways, the phoneme, word, phrase, sentence, paragraph, or even text can all serve as a unit. At this point, we cannot find anything special in treating text translation except for having text as the highest level among translation units. This is not the aim of text linguistics or discourse analysis. If we want to apply these to the theory and practice of translation, we will require a textual approach.

王春杰发表论文

视觉营销论文开题报告范文

下面是我整理的视觉营销方面的论文开题，希望能帮到大家。

课题的目的及意义

目的：

视觉营销的根本目的在于争取目标顾客、扩大市场影响和突出品牌形象，因此，绝不能只满足于热热闹闹的促销宣传和心血来潮的煽情手段。同企业的所有经营活动一样，视觉营销也必须坚持既定的理念和一贯的策略，并且在设计上予以充分体现。

意义：

视觉营销并不是新的“武器”,而是一门被我们遗忘了的“武器”.作为一种直观的营销手段，它其实一直默默“呆”在每个终端的幕后台角，人们对它的作用了解甚少，如同一个被“雪藏”的歌手。近几年当我们重新审视和了解它的作用后，“视觉营销”就开始从幕后走到了前台。而其更大的意义是：商家们已经开始将作为一门独立的学科，发掘它的潜在威力，同时在终端中进行系统的运用。

研究主要任务：

1.论述服装视觉营销的含义和范畴。

2.针对一个服装店而言，在色彩、造型、声音这些相关的影响视觉注意力方面进行分析

3.服装视觉营销塑造消费者心中的形象。

4.整合视觉营销，提升销售业绩。

可能遇到的问题：

1.现有资料和信息不足;

2.对现在服装卖场中的视觉营销的应用与服装本身认识不足。 3.视觉营销的应用于卖场销售是否成功。

解决方法及措施：

积极到阅览室，图书馆等有价值的位置查阅;学习研究，向指导老师请教;从自己实习单位的情况为起点，然后再到各大中小型服装卖场中更好的了解服装视觉营销对服装服装卖场的影响状态，从实际出发，慢慢学习服装视觉营销在卖场中的作用的认识和了解，逐渐完善课题。

论文大纲

摘要：众所周知，人们所感受的外部信息有83%是通过视觉传达到人们心智的'。也就是说，视觉使人们接受外部信息的最重要和最主要的通道。现代营销知识告诉我们，视觉营销是作好营销必不可少的营销手段之一。

本文旨在从服装卖场角度来阐述服装视觉营销的作用和影响。

Abstract: As we all know, people feel the 83% of external information through visual communication to the people's mind. In other words, so that visual access to information out side of the most important and the most important channel. Modern marketing knowledge tells us that the visual marketing is essential to prepare marketing of one of the means of marketing.

The purpose of this paper from the clothing store clothing visual perspective on the role and impact of marketing.

关键词： 视觉营销;视觉冲击创造价值;无声的销售员

Keywords: visual merchant design; visual impact create value; silent salesman

正文：

引言

1服装视觉营销概论

1.1服装视觉营销的概念

1.2服装视觉营销的范畴

2视觉营销在卖场中的具体应用

2.1服装店铺的整体色彩应用技巧

2.2服装卖场的陈列设计

2.3服装视觉营销塑造消费者心中的形象

3视觉营销的一些实例分析

3.1zara店铺的空间设计与陈列形态

3.2森马

3.3jackjones

4视觉营销迎来了春天

4.1视觉陈列专家韩阳与《卖场陈列设计》

5整合视觉营销，提升销售业绩

6结束语

7致谢

前期的文献资料收集、调研、实习及设计条件准备情况

搜集关于服装视觉营销和陈列设计等的相关文献资料。

参考文献：

[1]马赛。工业设计与展示设计。中国纺织出版社，1998

[2]毛春义。服装展示。湖北美术出版社，XX

[3]杜异，傅祎。汉诺威世界博览会设计，岭南美术出版社，XX

[4]王春杰。世界展览新设计。湖北美术出版社，XX

[5]赖涛。服装设计基础。高等教育出版社，XX

[6]韩阳。卖场陈列设计。中国纺织出版社，XX

[7]许亮。展示设计。湖南美术出版社，XX

[8]陆华祥等。最新展馆展台设计。上海人民美术出版社，XX

毕业设计主要工作的进度安排：

1-4周搜集，查阅与课题有关的资料，进行毕业实习。

5-6周毕业作品服装效果图的设计、毕业作品结构图

7-8周毕业作品服装制作

9-10周服装效果图、结构图及文字说明

11-14周论文大纲及论文资料的收集，论文的撰写

15周论文的目录、缩写稿、中英文摘要、致谢

16周服装动态展示设计

17周完成毕业设计的全部内容