物流运营发表论文外文

物流运营发表论文外文

Transport or transportation is the movement of people and goods from one location to another. Transport is performed by various modes, such as air, rail, road, water, cable, pipeline and space. The field can be divided into infrastructure, vehicles, and operations.Infrastructure consists of the fixed installations necessary for transport, and may be roads, railways, airways, waterways, canals and pipelines, and terminals such as airports, railway stations, bus stations, wharehouses, trucking terminals, refueling depots (including fueling docks and fuel stations) and seaports. Terminals may both be used for interchange of passengers and cargo, and for maintenance.Vehicles traveling on these networks include vehicles of appropriate types such as automobiles, bicycles, buses, trains, trucks people, helocopters and aircraft. Operations deal with the way the vehicles are operated, and the procedures set for this purpose including financing, legalities and policies. In the transport industry, operations and ownership of infrastructure can be either public or private, depending on the country and mode.Passenger transport may be public, where operators provide scheduled services, or private. Freight transport has become focused on containerization, although bulk transport is used for large volumes of durable items. Transport plays an important part in economic growth and globalization, but has a deteriorizing impact on the environment. While it is heavily subsidized by governments, good planning of transport is essential to make traffic flow, and restrain urban sprawl.ModeMain article: Mode of transportA mode of transport is a technological solution that used a fundamentally different vehicle, infrastructure and operations. The transport of a person or cargo may be by one or more modes, the latter called intermodal transport. Each mode has its advantages and disadvantages, and will be chosen for a trip depended on the nature of the purpose, cargo and destination. While there transport in air and on water has their own mode, land transport has several modes.Human-powered transport remains common in developing countries[edit] Human-poweredMain article: Human-powered transportHuman-powered transport is the transport of person(s) and/or goods using human muscle-power. Like animal-powered transport, human-powered transport has existed since time immemorial in the form of walking, running and swimming. Modern technology has allowed machines to enhance human-power. Many forms of human-powered transport remain popular for reasons of cost-saving, leisure, physical exercise and environmentalism. Human-powered transport is sometimes the only type available, especially in underdeveloped or inaccessible regions. It is considered an ideal form of sustainable transportation.Although humans are able to walk without infrastructure, the transport can be enhanced through the use of roads, especially when enforcing the human power with vehicles, such as bicycles and inline skates. Human-powered vehicles have also been developed for highly encumbering environments, such as snow and water, by watercraft rowings and skiing; even the air can be entered with human-powered aircraft.[edit] Animal-poweredMain article: Animal-powered transportAnimal-powered transport is the use of working animals for the movement of people and goods. Humans may ride some of the animals directly, use them as pack animals for carrying goods, or harness them, alone or in teams, to pull sleds or wheeled vehicles. Animals are superior to people in their speed, endurance and carrying capacity; prior to the Industrial Revolution they were used for all land transport impracticable for people, and they remain an important mode of transport in less developed areas of the world.[edit] AirMain article: Aviation Scandinavian Airlines System MD-80 airliner at Kiruna Airport, SwedenA fixed-wing aircraft, commonly called airplane, is a heavier-than-air craft where movement of the air in relation to the wings is used to generate lift. The term is used to distinguish from rotary-wing aircraft, where the movement of the lift surfaces relative to the air generates lift. A gyroplane is both fixed-wing and rotary-wing. Fixed-wing aircraft range from small trainers and recreational aircraft to large airliners and military cargo aircraft.Two necessities for aircraft are air flow over the wings for lift, and an area for landing. The majority of aircraft also need an airport with the infrastructure to receive maintenance, restocking, refueling and for the loading and unloading of crew, cargo and passengers. While the vast majority of aircraft land and take off on land, some are capable of take off and landing on ice, snow and calm water.The aircraft is the second fastest method of transport, after the rocket. Commercial jets can reach up to 875 kilometres per hour (544 mph), single-engine aircraft 175 kilometres per hour (109 mph). Aviation is able to quickly transport people and limited amounts of cargo over longer distances, but incur high costs and energy use; for short distances or in inaccessible places helicopters can be used.[1]InterCityExpress, a German high-speed passenger train[edit] RailMain article: Rail transportRail transport is where train runs along a two parallel steel rails, known as a railway or railroad. They rails are anchored perpendicular to ties (or sleepers) of timber, concrete or steel, to maintain a consistent distance apart, or gauge. The rails and perpendicular beams are placed on a foundation made of concrete, or compressed earth and gravel in a bed of ballast. Alternative methods include monorail and maglev.A train consists of one or more connected vehicle that run on the rails. Propulsion is commonly provided by a locomotive, that hauls a series of unpowered cars, that can carry passengers or freight. The locomotive can be powered by steam, diesel or by electricity supplied by a trackside systems. Alternatively, some or all the cars can be powered, known as a multiple unit. Also, a train can be powered by horses, cables, gravity, pneumatics and gas turbines. Railed vehicles move with much less friction than rubber tires on paved roads, making trains more energy efficient, though not as efficient as ships.Intercity trains are long-haul services connecting cities;[2] modern high-speed rail is capable of speeds up to 350 km/h (220 mph), but this requires specially-built track. Regional and commuter trains feed cities from suburbs and surrounding areas, while intra-urban transport is performed by high-capacity tramways and rapid transits, often making up the backbone of a city's public transport. Freight trains traditionally used box cars, requiring manual loading and unloading of the cargo. Since the 1960s, container trains have become the dominentsolution for general freight, while large quantities of bulk are transported by dedicated trains.[edit] RoadMain article: Road transport Interstate 80 near Berkeley, United StatesA road is an identifiable route, way or path between two or more places.[3] Roads are typically smoothed, paved, or otherwise prepared to allow easy travel;[4] though they need not be, and historically many roads were simply recognizable routes without any formal construction or maintenance.[5] In urban areas, roads may pass through a city or village and be named as streets, serving a dual function as urban space easement and route.[6]The most common road vehicle is the automobile; a wheeled passenger vehicle that carries its own motor. Other users of roads include buses, trucks, motorcycles, bicycles and pedestrians. As of 2002, there were 590 million automobiles worldwide.Automobiles offer high flexibility and with low capacity, but are deemed with high energy and area use, and the main source of noise and air pollution in cities; buses allow for more efficient travel at the cost of reduced flexibility.[7] Road transport by truck is often the initial and final stage of freight transport.[edit] WaterMain article: Ship transport Automobile ferry in CroatiaWater transport is the process of transport a watercraft, such as a barge, boat, ship or sailboat, over a body of water, such as a sea, ocean, lake, canal or river. The need for buoyancy unites watercraft, and makes the hull a dominant aspect of its construction, maintenance and appearance.In the 1800s the first steam ships were developed, using a steam engine to drive a paddle wheel or propeller to move the ship. The steam was produced using wood or coal. Now most ships have an engine using a slightly refined type of petroleum called bunker fuel. Some specialized ships, such as submarines, use nuclear power to produce the steam. Recreational or educational craft still use wind power, while some smaller craft use internal combustion engines to drive one or more propellers, or in the case of jet boats, an inboard water jet. In shallow draft areas, hovercraft are propelled by large pusher-prop fans.Although slow, modern sea transport is a highly effective method of transporting large quantities of non-perishable goods. Transport by water is significantly less costly than air transport for trans-continental shipping;[8] short sea shipping and ferries remain viable in coastal areas.[9][10]Trans-Alaska Pipeline for crude oil[edit] OtherPipeline transport sends goods through a pipe, most commonly liquid and gases are sent, but pneumatic tubes can send solid capsules using compressed air. Any chemically stable liquid or gas can be sent through a pipeline. Short-distance systems exist for sewage, slurry, water and beer, while long-distance networks are used for petroleum and natural gas.Cable transport is a broad mode where vehicles are pulled by cables instead of an internal power source. It is most commonly used at steep gradient. Typical solutions include aerial tramway, elevators, escalator and ski lifts; some of these are also categorized as conveyor transport.Spaceflight is transport out of Earth's atmosphere into outer space by means of a spacecraft. While large amounts of research have gone into technology, it is rarely used except to put satellites into orbit, and conduct scientific experiments. However, man has landed on the moon, and probes have been send to all the planets of the Solar System.[edit] Elements Bridges, such as Golden Gate Bridge, allow roads and railways to cross bodies of water[edit] InfrastructureMain article: InfrastructureInfrastructure is the fixed installations that allow a vehicle to operate. It consists of both a way, terminal and facilities for parking and maintenance. For rail, pipeline, road and cable transport, the entire way the vehicle travels must be built up. Air and water craft are able to avoid this, since the airway and seaway do not need to be built up. However, they require fixed infrastructure at terminals.Terminals such as airports, ports and stations, are locations were passengers and freight can be transferred from one vehicle or mode to another. For passenger transport, terminals are integrating different modes to allow riders to interchange to take advantage of each mode's advantages. For instance, airport rail links connect airports to the city centers and suburbs. The terminals for automobiles are parking lots, while buses and coaches can operates from simple stops.[11] For freight, terminals act as transshipment points, though some cargo is transported directly from the point of production to the point of use.The financing of infrastructure can either be public or private. Transport is often a natural monopoly and a necessity for the public; roads, and in some countries railways and airports are funded through taxation. New infrastructure projects can involve large spendings, and are often financed through debt. Many infrastructure owners therefore impose usage fees, such as landing fees at airports, or toll plazas on roads. Independent of this, authorities may impose taxes on the purchase or use of vehicles.A Peugeot 206 participating in the World Rally Championship[edit] VehiclesMain article: VehicleA vehicle is any non-living device that is used to move people and goods. Unlike the infrastructure, the vehicle moves along with the cargo and riders. Vehicles that do not operate on land, are usually called crafts. Unless being pulled by a cable or muscle-power, the vehicle must provide its own propulsion; this is most commonly done through a steam engine, combustion engine, electric motor, a jet engine or a rocket, though other means of propulsion also exist. Vehicles also need a system of converting the energy into movement; this is most commonly done through wheels, propellers and pressure.Vehicles are most commonly staffed by a driver. However, some systems, such as people movers and some rapid transits, are fully automated. For passenger transport, the vehicle must have a compartment for the passengers. Simple vehicles, such as automobiles, bicycles or simple aircraft, may have one of the passengers as a driver.[edit] Operation Incheon International Airport, South KoreaPrivate transport is only subject to the owner of the vehicle, who operates the vehicle themselves. For public transport and freight transport, operations are done through private enterprise or by governments. The infrastructure and vehicles may be owned and operated by the same company, or they may be operated by different entities. Traditionally, many countries have had a national airline and national railway. Since the 1980s, many of these have been privatized. International shipping remains a highly competitive industry with little regulation,[12] but ports can be public owned.[13][edit] FunctionRelocation of travelers and cargo are the most common uses of transport. However, other uses exist, such as the strategic and tactical relocation of armed forces during warfare, or the civilian mobility construction or emergency equipment.Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus in Mumbai, India[edit] PassengerMain article: TravelPassenger transport, or travel, is divided into public and private transport. Public is scheduled services on fixed routes, while private is vehicles that provide ad hoc services at the riders desire. The latter offers better flexibility, but has lower capacity, and a higher environmental impact. Travel may be as part of daily commuting, for business, leisure or migration.Short-haul transport is dominated by the automobile and mass transit. The latter consists of buses in rural and small cities, supplemented with commuter rail, trams and rapid transit in larger cities. Long-haul transport involves the use of the automobile, trains, coaches and aircraft, the last of which have become predominantly used for the longest, including intercontinental, travel. Intermodal passenger transport is where a journey is performed through the use of several modes of transport; since all human transport normally starts and ends with walking, all passenger transport can be considered intermodal. Public transport may also involve the intermediate change of vehicle, within or across modes, at a transport hub, such as a bus or railway station.International travel may be restricted for some individuals due to legislation and visa requirements.[edit] FreightMain article: ShippingFreight transport, or shipping, is a key in the value chain in manufacturing.[14] With increased specialization and globalization, production is being located further away from consumption, rapidly increasing the demand for transport.[15] While all modes of transport are used for cargo transport, there is high differentiation between the nature of the cargo transport, in which mode is chosen.[16] Logistics refers to the entire process of transferring products from producer to consumer, including storage, transport, transshipment, warehousing, material-handling and packaging, with associated exchange of information.[17] Incoterm deals with the handling of payment and responsibility of risk during transport.[18]Freight train with containers in the United KingdomContainerization, with the standardization of ISO containers on all vehicles and at all ports, has revolutionized international and domestic trade, offering huge reduction in transshipment costs. Traditionally, all cargo had to be manually loaded and unloaded into the haul of any ship or car; containerization allows for automated handling and transfer between modes, and the standardized sizes allow for gains in economy of scale in vehicle operation. This has been one of the key driving factors in international trade and globalization since the 1950s.[19]Bulk transport is common with cargo that can be handled roughly without deterioration; typical examples are ore, coal, cereals and petroleum. Because of the uniformity of the product, mechanical handling can allow enormous quantities to be handled quickly and efficiently. The low value of the cargo combined with high volume also means that economies of scale become essential in transport, and gigantic ships and whole trains are commonly used to transport bulk. Liquid products with sufficient volume may also be transported by pipeline.Air freight has become more common for products of high value; while less than one percent of world transport by volume is by airline, it amounts to forty percent of the value. Time has become especially important in regards to principles such as postponement and just-in-time within the value chain, resulting in a high willingness to pay for quick delivery of key components or items of high value-to-weight ratio.[20] In addition to mail, common items send by air include electronics and fashion clothing.[edit] HistoryMain article: History of transport Bullock team hauling wool in AustraliaHumans first means of transport was walking and swimming. The domestication of animals introduces a new way to lay the burden of transport on more powerful creatures, allowing heavier loads to be hauled, or humans to ride the animals for higher speed and duration. Inventions such as the wheel and sled helped make animal transport more efficient through the introduction of vehicles. Also water transport, including rowed and sailed vessels, dates back to time immemorial, and was the only efficient way to transport large quantities or over large distances prior to the Industrial Revolution.The first forms of road transport were horses, oxen or even humans carrying goods over dirt tracks that often followed game trails. Paved roads were first built by the Roman Empire, to allow armies to travel quicky; they built deep roadbeds of crushed stone as an underlying layer to ensure that they kept dry, as the water would flow out from the crushed stone, instead of becoming mud in clay soils. The first watercraft were canoes cut out from tree trunks. Early water transport was accomplished with ships that were either rowed or used the wind for propulsion, or a combination of the two. The importance of water has led to most cities, that grew up as sites for trading, being located on rivers or at sea, ofter at the intersection of two bodies of water. Until the Industrial Revolution, transport remained slow and costly, and production and consumption were located as close to each other as feasible.

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物流运营发表论文外文版

到学校外文数据库上搜索一篇就行了

到万方这类论文数据库找，那里论文多，且质量高。自己懒得去找的话，可以去淘宝的《翰林书店》店铺看看，店主应该能帮你下载到这论文的

On-Demand Transportation has become a mandatory capability for today's successful 3PL providers in offering client specific solutions to supply chain needs.

Physical distribution safeguard production, but produces the existence is the electronic commerce activity foundation, in this sense, the physical distribution is the electronic commerce indirect supporting activity. Electronic commerce's important link, is realizes “take the customer as the center” the idea basic guarantee. the electronic commerce change physical distribution, the physical distribution will also affect the electronic commerce the development, the physical distribution system's consummation will further impel the electronic commerce the development. The electronic commerce influence physical distribution idea, affects the physical distribution system structure, affects the physical distribution the customer service, affects the material purchase also to affect the goods in stock to supply on chain's distribution. the electronic commerce's development sets the new request to the enterprise new physical distribution network. This request enterprise uses the exterior service provider to undertake the enterprise partial or the complete physical distribution function. China is engaged in the third party delivery service the enterprise to aim at the present third party physical distribution the opportunity and the challenge, to meet the electronic commerce need to develop, the adaptation marketability, the network, the globalized economic trend, the positive exploration, dares to innovate, establishes adapts in the Chinese marketability condition modern physical distribution. 一个优秀的企业，应该把主要的精力放在企业的关键业务上，充分发挥其优势，同时与全球范围内的合适的企业建立战略合作关系。企业中非核心业务比如物流管理可以由合作企业来完成，企业通过物流业务外包，可以获得比单纯利用内部资源更多的利润,以及竞争优势。本课题正是在此背景下，通过借鉴国内外有关研究成果，分析国内外企业物流外包的发展现状和存在问题，主要从物流服务需求方的角度，定性分析和定量分析、理论分析和实证分析相结合，希望能对我国物流业发展过程中有关物流业务外包的理论问题与实践课题进行初步地讨论、探索。 21世纪的今天，随着专业物流经营理论的成型，企业物流外包已经成为研讨问题的热点之一。已经有越来越多的企业将自己的物流业务委托给第三方物流公司来完成。但是，我们还是应该清醒地认识到我国企业物流外包的发展与国外发达国家相去甚远，制约我国企业物流外包发展的机制因素也有其特性，因此如何正确认识我国企业物流外包现状，无论是从理论还是实际工作中都值得探讨研究。 一、我国物流费用支出状况 我国物流费用支出状况不容乐观，主要表现在费用支出庞大，具体体现在以下几方面： 1.物流费用支出高 据世界银行的推测，美国的物流成本占整个GDP的9%左右，而中国的物流成本占整个GDP的25%。此外，我国的物流成本一般占总成本的30%～40%，鲜活产品占60%左右甚至更多。而发达国家一般将物流成本控制在总成本的10%左右。 2.库存大，成本高 由于我国物流速度缓慢，长期以来大量库存成了吞噬利润的“虎口”。目前，工业企业历年累计的数万亿巨额库存不仅难以消化，而且新生的库存商品仍在增加。我国生产企业的原材料库存期、生产企业成品库存期和商业企业商品库存期分别为20天、51天、34天。而美国汽车、电子产品和零售企业商品的库存时间仅为12天。据估计，我国的库存商品与GDP的比例高达6.8%，而国际公认的库存商品与GDP的比例发达国家一般不超过1%，发展中国家不超过5%。 3.资金周转速度低 落后的物流和巨大的库存占压资金，从整体上看我国企业资金周转极其缓慢。我国的生产企业和商业企业的流动资金周转速度为1.2次/年和为2.3次/年。而相比之下，建立了现代物流体系日本的生产企业和商业企业的流动资金周转速度为8次/年和16次/年。一些知名的跨国连锁商业企业如沃尔马、家乐福、麦得龙等流动资金周转速度达到了20-30次/年。 4.效率低，物耗高 我国传统的物流状态是“大而全”、“小而全”的小作坊式经营方式，是一种分散、低效、高耗的物流组织形式，各种物流方式互不关联，物流工程中的物资消耗相当惊人。在传统的物流框架下，一件商品从生产出来到最终的消费环节，至少要被搬动、装运几十次。如果实现了社会化的多式联运、一单到底，物流过程中的物耗可以大幅降低。 二、我国物流外包市场现状 我国物流外包市场目前尚未成熟，供需关系极不稳定。以下是根据中国采购与物流联合会完成的全国第四次物流调查资料得出的一些结论。 1.我国企业物流外包市场需求现状 (1)物流外包需求市场潜力巨大，增长较快，第三方物流业有较大发展空间；大多数企业物流需求量处于增长状态，即时性的服务需求也将增多。 (2)物流业务外包需求存在着明显的地域和行业分布特点。从地域上看目前需求主要来自东部沿海经济发达地区；从行业上看，电子、烟草、医药等行业生产和流通企业的平均物流量小于机械及原材料行业企业。 (3)生产企业自营物流的比例偏高，导致物流业务外包的有效需求还不足。企业物流供应一般都由企业自身或供货方来承担，第三方物流公司承担的较少，据统计我国生产企业原材料、生产企业成品、商业企业等的物流外包所占比例分别为15%、47%、47%。 (4)物流外包需求企业对物流服务需求的层次还不高，服务需求仍集中在传统仓储、运输等基本服务上。生产企业的外包物流主要集中在干线运输，其次是市内配送；商业企业的外包物流一般依次集中在市内配送、仓储、干线运输等。 (5)物流服务企业目前的信息化程度还不够，难以满足需求企业要求下的整个系统无缝链接，从而达到物流运作的高效率的目标。 2.我国企业物流外包市场供给市场现状 我国企业物流外包市场供给市场现状可以说是物流供给能力有效利用率不高，资源浪费、物流服务水平有待进一步提升。 (1)我国物流服务企业规模普遍偏小，500人以上的企业仅占20%左右。并且拥有的物流设施设备及其能力也较弱。 (2)我国许多生产和流通企业拥有并保留着自己的运输、仓储、装卸服务物流设施，生产企业和商业企业自身拥有汽车车队、仓库、机械化装卸设备的比例分别为53%和70%、59%和80%、34%和25%，自我物流服务依然是工商企业获得物流服务的重要来源。由此造成企业的运输供给能力还没有达到运输需求规模及网络分布要求，生产企业和商业企业的车辆空驶率平均高达34.70%和38.50%；同时物流企业的仓库供给能力有余，但效率不高，生产企业和商业企业库房平均利用率为78.50%和76.40%。总之现有的功能性物流企业，运作供给能力要大于物流市场需求。 (3)从数据来看，物流服务企业的作业能力，以及作业质量能够满足市场的需求，统计显示物流企业的单据准确率为97%、配送及时率为92%、货损率为2%。 (4)物流信息系统建设情况有了较大改善，信息建设受到物流企业的重视，拥有物流信息系统的企业比例已经提高到接近60%。 三、影响物流外包的主要因素 1.出于制度和观念的阻碍,其主要表现为以下几点: (1)内部员工的抵制: 企业物流外包是对企业的内部业务流程重组，企业某些员工目前从事的工作很可能会被第三方物流所取代，这也就意味着企业将解雇大批员工,这对企业的管理者来说意味着一个不小的风险。 (2)缺乏认识:第三方物流行业相对来说还很年轻,尤其是在中国,一些领先的物流公司只有不到10年的历史。许多企业还没有认识到供应链管理在企业竞争中的巨大作用。 (3)害怕失去控制:企业担心，当企业过于依赖第三方物流服务商,却无法控制或影响他们的时候,物流活动的失控可能阻碍核心业务与物流活动之间的联系而降低用户满意度。此外,企业还需要在长期依赖某一个第三方物流服务商和依赖多个第三方物流服务商之间权衡。长期依赖某一个第三方物流服务商会对其资本投资、效率提高具有潜在的好处,但同时又会使其滋生自满情绪而让企业难以控制。为了便于控制,企业应该选择多个第三方物流服务商,但是这种短期行为又会令企业的成本提高或服务质量降低。 2.物流外包业务有其自身的复杂性 首先，供应链物流业务通常和公司其他业务,如财务、营销或制造集成在一起,物流外包业务本身就很复杂。对一些实际业务,包括运输和仓储的集成可能会带来组织上、行政上和实施上的一系列问题。其次，公司内部信息系统的集成性特点,使得把物流业务交给第三方物流公司来运作变得很困难。最后，准确地衡量物流成本对信息技术和人力资源的影响比较困难。很难确定物流外包业务到底能够给企业带来多少潜在的成本好外。 3.第三方物流市场的不成熟也使我国的物流外包举步维艰 在国内，第三方物流市场相对较新,因此行业发展中难免所存在许多不规范的地方。比如第三方物流公司的内部管理失控，在其短期利益的驱使下，尚未树立提供优质服务的经营理念。更有在具体外包细节，以及工作范围划分不明确，第三方物流公司却没能在客户要求的时间内去完成,或者只是为完成而完成,并没有认真对待。 四、对我国物流外包市场健康发展的展望 尽管物流业务外包在近阶段得到迅猛发展，但是未来我国物流外包市场的健康可持续发展必须注意解决好以下几方面的问题。 1.提高物流服务供应方服务水平 这些物流服务方企业必须通过自身成本的降低来优化客户的物流成本，提高运作管理水平，加强规范化管理，明确物流服务供应方的工作范围，要在服务质量、响应速度和费用等多方面争取满足物流需求方的要求。 2.培养专业的物流人才 美国著名物流专家Jack Roser认为：在处理外包时，专业物流顾问与技术工人一样，他的作用比企业领导更重要，合格的顾问能够给项目带来许多领导所不知的东西，他需要去管理维护公司项目设计规划的过程、提供物流需求，以及项目数据，而这些事情常常与外包的成败相关联。企业领导仅仅扮演监督员的角色，如果缺乏具有项目设计和作业操作技能的专业人才，那么，外包营销将无从谈起。 3.供需双方建立有效的协调交流机制 企业的物流外包决策是一个复杂的过程，需求企业与物流服务商的合作也是一个长期磨合的过程，需要双方经常进行信息交流，加强沟通，出现问题及时解决。 总结 在全球正在掀起外包旋风的同时，物流外包在我国却还没有能够引起足够的重视。整个社会的物流效率低下、物流费用惊人。我国已经加入世界贸易组织，外资企业蜂拥而至，如果仍旧保持现状维系大而全的局面，将很难面对来自外国竞争对手的竞争。我国生产及商业企业应该转变观念，认识到物流业务外包的迫切性，及时整合自身优秀的资源，这样才能够增强企业的核心竞争力。 参考文献： [1]孙有望:现代物流导论.同济大学出版社 [2]马士华林勇:供应链管理.机械工业出版社 [3]吕一林:美国沃尔玛一世界零售第一.中国人民大学出版社 [4]董千里:高级物流学.人民交通出版社 [5]胡左浩:现代物流与供应链管理.经济管理出版社 [6]李洁:外包的经济学分析.管理科学文摘 [7]中国物流市场第四次调查报告.物流技术与应用，2003

物流运营发表论文外文要求

[14] Frank Plastria,Emilio Carrizosa. Optimal location and design of a competitive facility[J]. Mathematical Programming, 2004,100(2):58-64[15] Weixin Yao．Logistics Network Structure and Design for a Closed—loop SupplyChain in E．Commerce．International Journal of Business Performance Management，2005(4)：370-380外文资料Chain retail enterprises logistics operation mode selection decision-making ResearchFrank Plastria,Emilio Carrizosa.Chain operator, is the world's most important retail format, but also to the main force of China's retail industry. Logistics and distribution chain management has clearly become a focus of corporate management. At present, China's logistics and distribution chain operator mode selection relatively simple, uniform distribution is low, reaching less than scale. Distribution by many scholars to be in the process of distribution center location, distribution, route planning, inventory management, picking paths and other aspects of management information systems research accordingly, but to study the distribution pattern of chain enterprises and the choice is still very less, in fact, a large degree of influence of its corporate and distribution performance. In response to these conditions on the chain of logistics and distribution business model analysis and research and made the following recommendations:(1) the use of scientific selection method, a variety of active research. Good million supermarket chains should be in the investigation of the environment, on the basis of their ability to use scientific decision-making methods, the optimal choice. In the choice of mode of qualitative plus quantitative methods can be fully considered.(2) positive change in management thinking. Good thousand supermarkets should change the traditional ideas, large and small but complete, always witnessed and was not conducive to good development of supermarket chains million. Good million of their own needs should be based on the selection and development of current distribution model for their own development, and delivery mode with time and business needs change.(3) for a wide range of cooperation, a good thousand chain operator to try to implement a common distribution with other companies, sharing of resources. The scale of the local supermarket chain is not large, the cost of self-built large distribution centers, so the small supermarket chain in the distribution should be positive with other retail chains to cooperate, the data show that the joint distribution allows the distribution 20% cost reduction. But this requires the cooperation of participating companies have a strong sense and spirit of cooperation, many enterprises in China, is not very strong sense of cooperation, which is required of chain enterprises continue to run through mutual cooperation, and ultimately achieve a win-win model.(4) adopt a distribution model-based, supplemented by a mixture of distribution model. Distribution chain outsourcing companies is considered an inevitable development, but third-party logistics development in China lags behind, it will completely outsource distribution chain for some enterprises will encounter some difficulties. China's logistics enterprises are developing, but the chain operator can not wait for third-party logistics development in China. As the international division of labor is getting smaller, distribution outsourcing business for many companies to focus on their own is a general trend. Chain operator at this stage to consider the distribution of some specialized outsourcing in order to focus on their business enterprises.from Press materials连锁零售企业物流运作模式选择决策研究弗兰克.埃米利奥连锁经营企业是目前世界零售业最重要的业态，也是我国零售业地主力军。物流配送显然已经成为连锁经营企业管理的一个重点。目前我国连锁经营企业的物流配送模式选择比较单一，统一配送率低，达不到规模效益。应经由很多学者针对配送过程中的配送中心选址、配送路径规划、库存管理、分拣路径以及管理信息系统等方面作了相应的研究，但是研究有关的连锁经营企业配送模式及选择的还是很少，而实际上其很大程度的影响了企业配送绩效。针对上述状况，作者对连锁经营企业的物流配送模式进行了分析和研究并提出以下建议：（1）运用科学的选择方法，积极进行各种调查研究。好万家连锁超市应该在调查分析周围环境，自身能力的基础上采用科学的决策方法，进行最优的选择。在选择模式时可采用定性加定量的方法，全面考虑。（2）管理层积极改变思想。好万家超市应该改变传统思想，大而全，小而全，凡事亲历而为，不利于好万家连锁超市的发展。好万家应该在分析自身的需要和发展的基础上选择当下适合自身发展的配送模式，且配送模式可随时间和业务需求而改变。（3）进行广泛的合作，好万家连锁经营企业可以尝试与其他企业实行共同配送，实现资源共享。本土超市的连锁经营规模都不是很大，自建配送中心的花费很大，故连锁规模不大的超市应该积极地在配送方面与其他连锁零售企业展开合作，有数据表明，共同配送可让配送成本减少20%左右。但是这需要参与企业有很强的合作意识与合作精神，在中国的很多企业，合作的意识不是很强，这一点我国连锁经营企业需要经过不断地磨合，互相合作，最终达到双赢的模式。（4）采用以一种配送模式为主，一种为辅的混合配送模式。连锁经营企业进行配送外包被认为是必然的一个发展，但是中国的第三方物流发展比较滞后，故将配送完全进行外包对一些连锁经营企业来说会遇到一些困难。中国的物流企业正在发展，但是连锁经营企业等不及中国的第三方物流的发展。随着国际分工越来越细，配送外包对很多专注于自身经营的企业来说是一个总的趋势。故在现阶段连锁经营企业可以考虑将部分专业化的配送进行外包，以便企业专注于自身的经营。源自物资出版社

国家重要的零售业态的连锁超市，同时也是全球零售趋势。连锁超市经历了快速的发展在20世纪80年代初在中国因为超市出生，在最近几年，中国零售百强连锁超市已经占据了半壁江山，成为最重要的格式。物流系统的神经中心，连锁超市采购及分销的这种竞争优势，实现统一采购，统一存储，统一配送，分散销售的操作，大大降低了流通成本，促进高效，平稳运行的供应链，提高企业的竞争力。 连锁超市能够实现高效率，高效率的供应链管理，各地的物流系统。商品配送系统结合先进的信息技术和物流管理的核心是分析沃尔玛，家乐福，麦德龙，以及大量的世界级零售连锁店运营商的成功，并不难找到。通过物流系统的运作，连锁超市企业集中决策的决策权，以连锁企业的总部，物流活动的商品集中在基本的物流配送体系。集资金，股票，多个存储采摘活动的集中采购，从而降低物流成本，创造价格优势，赢得了客户和市场。 超市连锁经营在中国的分销行业与发达国家相比，起步较晚，中国连锁经营协会，成立于1997年，于2001年开始编辑一本书“中国连锁经营年鉴”相对100年美国的物流及分销行业在中国的历史，在20世纪80年代开始至今，只有20岁。二十多年来，中国的分销行业已经取得了很大的成就，但是，由于基础设施差，在国内历史上长期重生产轻流通，重商主义的流量情况，轻物流的思想影响，物流配送在这个阶段仍然是不成熟的，有很多的物流配送体系是原来的批发企业，储存和运输公司转变现代化水平低，设备陈旧，连锁超市在中国的年平均增长率自1994年以来的快速发展步伐，连锁超市（约70％），物流系统的建设和发展明显落后于超市的发展链。

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资本运营论文发表流程

首先撰写文章，然后进行投稿，杂志社进行审稿，中间可能会修稿再审，审稿通过，最后见刊。文章发表完成

第一步论文查重。之所以放在第一步，是因为期刊天空一直都建议作者投稿前查重，这样既能提前发现自己论文重复率多少，又不会给杂志社编辑造成不良印象，更减少了投稿后再查重导致退修，进而论文发表时间周期增加。发表论文必经流程和步骤第二步：筛选期刊。针对自己的专业方向，论文内容领域，到相应分类的期刊当中挑选。期刊天空编辑提醒，有作者因为发表论文不符合期刊发表方向而退稿的。第三步选定期刊：需要根据自己评职称、毕业论文发表要求，期刊天空编辑指出，这些内容一般从职称文件当中可以了解到，例如：期刊级别，选定后要了解期刊发表论文要求。第四步论文发表：选定期刊之后，可以通过邮箱、在线投递、微信QQ等发送文件，期刊天空编辑介绍，之所以有这么多方式，是因为各投稿方式相应的处理效率呈提高的趋势。第五步等待审稿。期刊天空编辑温馨提示：论文审稿是整个论文发表过程当中时间周期最长的，没有退修的稿件属于正常时间周期，如果存在论文审稿有退修，那么发表周期就会相应的增加。发表论文期刊的级别越高，发表周期就越长。第六步对于顺利被期刊录用的论文来说，杂志社会发送录用通知函，缴纳版面费用之后，即可安排发表刊期。第七步发表见刊。在到了论文发表安排刊期时，论文就算是正式见刊发表，作者需等待杂志社寄送样刊就可以当做评职称材料上交。

有很多小伙伴们就会很奇怪了，当我们把毕业论文完成之后，要如何发表呢？那小编我今天就针对“发表论文流程”这一情况，为大家解答疑惑吧！

一般来说呢，发表论文流程分为以下六步：

一、投稿

投稿是指论文发表人员选择好投稿期刊之后，我们再通过邮箱、在线投稿窗口、QQ或者微信等方式将自己的论文稿件发送给编辑就好了。

二、审核（也俗称为审稿）

投稿之后，编辑会按照投稿的先后顺序对论文进行一个审稿过程，有的期刊杂志是会收取审稿费的，如果我们发表论文需要加急发表的话，是需要在投稿时标注清楚的，这个可能会产生加急费用。审稿环节是整个论文发表过程中耗时最长的，它可以说影响了论文发表周期的长短，只因为论文审稿可能会反复进行。

三、审稿结果

审稿结果主要介绍通过审稿并被录用了的论文。通过杂志社论文三审的论文，杂志社会下发录用通知书，并注明好预安排在某年某期发表此篇论文，之所以是预安排，是因为还需要交纳版面费。

四、交费

交费就主要指的是版面费了，在我们交纳费用之后，论文才会正式进入安排刊期出版的流程。

五、安排发表

费用到位之后，便可以安排刊期了，并按照日期出版见刊。而少部分论文的发表可能会被延期，这样的现象也属于正常情况，原因就比如有人安排加急类似之类的问题。

六、寄送样刊

论文见刊之后，杂志社会给作者寄送一本样刊的，是作为用途上交的材料。到此整个的论文发表流程就基本结束了。

那么以上呢就是“发表论文流程”的六大步骤啦！那最后小编要提醒大家一点，在我们进行论文写作时一定要保证是自己原创的，这样的话在进行论文查重检测的时候也不会存在那么多需要修改的地方，同时大家要记得去进行自查，保证论文更高程度的通过哦！

第一步：投稿。这是论文发表人员选择好投稿期刊之后，将自己的论文稿件通过邮箱、在线投稿窗口、QQ或者微信即时通讯软件这三大方式发送给编辑。第二步：审核即审稿。如果你需要加急提交论文，编辑可以收取加急费。同行评审是整个论文发表过程中最耗时的环节，影响论文发表周期的长短。关于论文发表时间的影响因素，应该指出的是，论文审查可能会重复。第三步：审稿结果。主要介绍通过审稿被录用的论文。通过杂志社论文三审的论文，杂志社会下发录用通知书，并注明预安排在某年某期发表，之所以是预安排，是因为还没交纳版面费。关于论文三审可以阅读《什么时候论文需要三审》，了解一些审稿知识。第四部：交费。这里的交费主要是版面费，交纳之后，论文才会正式进入安排刊期出版流程。第五步：安排发表。版面费到位之后，即可安排刊期，并按照日期出版见刊。少部分论文发表可能会延期，原因很多，例如：有人安排加急。第六步：寄送样刊。论文见刊之后，会给作者寄送一本样刊，作为用途上交的材料。到此整个的论文发表流程结束。论文发表过程中，可能会有一些特殊情况发生，出现延迟。这有时候是不可避免的，但是出现这样的几率很小。

新媒体运营论文发表流程

根据学术堂的了解,论文发表一般流程主要为六个步骤:第一步:投稿.这是论文发表人员选择好投稿期刊之后,将自己的论文稿件通过邮箱、在线投稿窗口、QQ或者微信即时通讯软件这三大方式发送给编辑.第二步:审核即审稿.投稿之后,编辑会按照投稿顺序对论文进行审稿,有的期刊杂志收取审稿费,如果您的论文需要加急发表,请在投稿时标注清楚,可能会产生加急费用.审稿环节是整个论文发表过程中耗时最长的,影响了论文发表周期的长短,关于论文发表时间影响因素可以阅读《是什么影响论文发表时间长短》了解.这里需要注意的是论文审稿可能会反复进行.第三步:审稿结果.主要介绍通过审稿被录用的论文.通过杂志社论文三审的论文,杂志社会下发录用通知书,并注明预安排在某年某期发表,之所以是预安排,是因为还没交纳版面费.关于论文三审可以阅读《什么时候论文需要三审》,了解一些审稿知识.第四部:交费.这里的交费主要是版面费,交纳之后,论文才会正式进入安排刊期出版流程.第五步:安排发表.版面费到位之后,即可安排刊期,并按照日期出版见刊.少部分论文发表可能会延期,原因很多,例如:有人安排加急.第六步:寄送样刊.论文见刊之后,会给作者寄送一本样刊,作为用途上交的材料.到此整个的论文发表流程结束.

一、个人发表论文的程序：1.有了自己的学术成果后，按其研究方向在中国知网等论文收录网站上查找和你所研究领域相关的文献。确认你的核心内容前人没有研究发表后，选择该领域的相关杂志；2.按照所选杂志的格式要求，将自己的研究内容撰写成论文，通过该杂志的制定投稿渠道进行投稿，之后进行耐心等待；3.编辑审阅后如果不感兴趣会直接退稿，如果感兴趣会给你提出修改意见，从投稿到第一次审回一般要2个月以上，按照编辑提出的修改意见逐条改正，并在给编辑回复时对其提出的每一条意见进行逐条回复，之后继续耐心等待；4.二审后，基本就离发表不远了，一般会再给你提一些格式类的细节修改问题，解决后回复，等待发表就好。望采纳

一、选择刊物

这个步骤尽量是在我们准备撰写论文时就选择好的，不同的刊物影响的范围不同，收录的论文也不同，格式也会不同，提早为此做好准备，可以节省后期的工作量。

二、投稿

在选择好刊物之后就是选择投稿方式了，我们可以选择网上在线投稿，电子邮件投稿或文件寄送投稿。这些方式可以视期刊的要求来选择，有的刊物需要打印稿件，有的刊物没有官网接受投稿等。之后就是等待期刊的审稿和答复了。

三、审稿及初审费用

期刊编辑收到稿件后就会衡量论文是否符合他们发表的要求和论文整体质量，这是初审。如果初审通过，就会通知你缴纳初审费用。

四、审稿及审稿意见

期刊收取初审费后会将论文交给专家审阅，但是一般专家的审阅周期都会很长，大多都是几个月后发送退稿函或修改意见，运气好会遇到个别非常有效率的专家。如果你收到的是修改意见，那说明有机会，只需要认真按照专家满意的方式修改，论文的第一改通过后，后期的二审、三审往往问题不大，都是由编辑与你对接，修改排版、标点符号、语句等问题。

五、缴费以及接受刊物

正常通过审核后，论文就能成果发表，在缴纳版面等费用后，就会在一定时间后收到登有你的论文的刊物了。

论文发表的流程中间需要等待的时间周期是很长的，因此许多要通过发表论文来毕业之类的同学，应该尽早筹备，免得最后阶段等的揪心。

一、选刊.选定一种期刊杂志作为自己的投稿对象.怎么选呢,先看自己学校或者单位评职称需要投什么级别的刊物.现在很多都要求必须是核心期刊,这个可以上网搜一下具体都有哪些.然后打开这个期刊的网址,看下期刊的具体分的板块,是不是跟自己文章相符,找到一个适合自己的.特别要注意,刊物本身有没有学术要求,比如:什么第一作者要求博士及以上学历,优先考虑副教授及以上职称,要求有基金项目,国家级优先考虑.二、写作.如果你的论文已经写好了,论文格式就根据投稿要求进行修改,不同的杂志社对论文的格式要求不一样.一定要严格按照这个要求操作的哦,包括查重的时候也是一样的.如果你的文章还没有写好,可以先了解下刊物的格式、要求、审稿喜好,然后再去写稿子,这样做,录用率很高的.三、投稿.最普遍的就是邮箱投稿了,但是现在假网站,假邮箱很多,一不小心就上当受.这里给大家推荐一个很靠谱的方法:在知网的版权页上列有期刊的投稿邮箱或者官网地址.点击"原版目录页浏览"还可以查看封皮、扉页以及版权页等信息.保真,是不是比买书、浏览器盲搜方便多了.四、反馈通知.投稿结束并不是什么事情都没有了,恰恰相反,这才是刚开始.作者的文章可能立意选题都比较好,结构框架也十分明了,但是出现漏洞的机率还是有的,所以一般都会需要修改.论文一般需要三审,修改意见会发送至作者邮箱或者在投稿系统中显示,作者一定要随时关注邮件/系统动态,避免出现信息不及时的情况.按照修改意见修改文章后再发给编辑,审核无误就可以等候发表了.(终于可以放下心来~)另外,修改审核都是需要一定时间的,一般来说这个周期会在2-3个月.如果作者对时间有要求,一定要提前发表,确保万无一失.五、缴纳版面费.现在的刊物一般都要收取一定的版面费,按文章的字数占几个版面还有刊物的等级来收取一定的版面费.只有少数的不收取版面费.六、签收样刊.出样刊的时候,杂志社一般会预留样刊寄给作者,以便作者需要时用.但是有一点,杂志社可能不会存多余的样刊,作者拿到样刊后一定要保存好,以免丢失.(学术堂提供更多论文知识)