与汽车有关的毕业论文范文大全英文版

与汽车有关的毕业论文范文大全英文版

The lighter drive 更轻便的驾驶理念Electric cars made from carbon fibre will be safer and go farther 电瓶汽车+碳纤维材料=安全，耐用They look safe in thereMARK WEBBER has a lot to thank tiny strands of carbon When his Formula 1 car cartwheeled in a spectacular 306kph (190mph) crash at the recent Valencia Grand Prix， what helped him to escape unscathed was the immensely strong carbon-fibre “tub” that racing drivers now sit Carbon fibre is an expensive alternative to making things in steel or aluminium， but besides being extremely strong it is also very It is found in high-performance parts， like aircraft wings， bits of supercars and the frames of pricey mountain But if work by Germany’s BMW proves successful， it could also become the material of choice to mass-produce electric 6月，F1瓦伦西亚大奖赛发生了惊人一幕：以每小时306公里（190英里）行驶在赛道上的马克�6�1韦伯发生了严重的翻车事故。奇迹的是，韦伯本人毫发无 伤。奥妙之处就在于当下流行于F1的——碳纤维底座。虽然与铁，铝相比，它的造价较高，但是抗压及轻便性都远远好于铁和铝。目前，炭纤维材料还大多使用在 高精度领域，如飞机机翼，F1赛车，或是私人山地车等。不过这一传统观念可能会被宝马公司打破，一旦试验成功，那么碳纤维就可以率先广泛应用在电动汽车领 域。The Bavarian carmaker plans to launch a new plug-in electric car in It will be one of the first designed from scratch to use an electric motor rather than being converted from an existing Reducing the weight of this four-seater car， known as the Megacity concept， will be crucial to improving its performance and So BMW is planning to use no steel at The Megacity will be built as two modules: an aluminium chassis will contain the electric drive-system and battery， and a body made almost entirely of carbon fibre will be fitted onto 德国汽车制造商正计划将在2013年推出一款电瓶可拆卸式环保车。这并不是从现有车型改装而来，而是设计师卧薪尝胆的一次全新尝试。更轻便的4人坐驾，完 全符合现代城市环保理念，这款“无铁”车型的设计，彰显出了它的与众不同与理念上的更新换代。但是这样一个设想目前还处在起步阶段，或许成功的那天，汽车 铝制底盘上充电驾驶装置与设备，及全身碳纤维的设计工艺，能够更好的诠释大城市的环保概念。Carbon fibre is 30% lighter than aluminium and 50% lighter than The fibres are extremely tear- When woven into a lattice structure and impregnated with resin they can produce a part that is stronger than The trouble is the process is labour-intensive and slow， not least because components may have to be cured for hours under pressure in massive ovens called For carmakers， used to stamping out steel body-parts in a few seconds， this has ruled out carbon fibre for high-volume BMW， however， aims to change 碳纤维比铝轻便30%，是铁的50%。同时，由于纤维具有极强的抗断裂性，再融入树脂形成晶体结构后，那么它的强度就要超过铁。但是这道工序属于劳动密集 型，效率相对较低，以前车用铁制品的切割仅需要几秒钟时间就能完成，而现在则需要在高压炉内高温锻造几个小时，因此，大量生产碳纤维的可能性不高。不过， 宝马公司目前也正在试图改变这一情况。Its production line starts with a so-called precursor: a fibre spun from a This is carbonised by heating it in multiple stages to leave individual carbon fibres just seven microns (007 millimetres) Around 50，000 of these fibres are bundled together into a yarn which is then made into a This can be cut and handled like a Strips of fabric are then overlaid to align their fibres in such a way to maximise their load-bearing characteristics as required—in effect tailoring components like a bespoke 现在，宝马生产线守开先河，将聚合体加工成纤维状，这个碳化过程需要在高温下进行几道工序，最后产生的碳纤维厚度只有7微米（007毫米）。然后，大 概将5000根这样的纤维拧成一股就成了纤维织物，再将这样的纤维根据它的陌生能力将它切割成最合适的尺寸，实际上，这个步骤与量体裁衣有异曲同工之妙。Along come the robots 自动机将助一臂之力BMW uses molds， heat and pressure to produce contours in the Resin is then injected into the molds to bond the fibres How the resin flows through the fibres is crucial; it has to be done quickly and leave no area untreated before it starts to A release agent in the resin migrates to the surface to prevent the component sticking in the The whole process， which can be handled by robots， is completed in 然后，再利用模具与高温将纤维织物打造成型。首先，将树脂注入模具粘合纤维，这里有两个细节非常关键，一是动作要快不能拖泥带水，二是在没有粘合之前确保 模具内的树脂流向均匀。树脂中混有的隔离剂此时发挥功效，避免了纤维与模具发生粘连。整道工序，在自动仪器的协助下，仅需几分钟便可完成。The resulting carbon-fibre parts are bonded together to construct the body of the Besides their lightness， BMW’s experimental vehicles have exceeded expectations in crash tests， says the During front- and rear-impact-tests the aluminium chassis crumples to absorb energy， but leaves the rigid carbon-fibre passenger compartment Even extreme side-impacts protected the crash dummies and the battery (automatically switched off when the airbags trigger) In many cases crash damage is reparable by cutting out broken sections of carbon fibre and bonding in new 此时的碳纤维就可以应用于汽车制造。宝马公司声称：除了超轻便的特性之外，碳纤维的抗挤压能力也令人惊叹。在对车头车尾抗冲击测试中发现，一方面是铝制底 盘受到挤压而变形，缓冲了部分能量，而坚硬的碳纤维能够保证车身安然无恙。即使是侧面来的强力冲击，也能够有效保护车厢内假人模型及电瓶毫发无伤（当然， 气囊装置启动电瓶能够自动断电）。即便是车身有所受损，也不用担心，切割掉受损部分再粘合上新部件，完全可以让车体恢复原状。At some point， however， carbon-fibre cars will be Steel and aluminium is easy to recycle， but carbon fibre is Carmakers are working with aerospace firms on ways to do BMW has pioneered a process to reuse offcuts by breaking them up with heat to turn them back into raw This can be used to make composites with about half the strength of new carbon 铝的回收再利用技术已经非常成熟，但是从某角度来说，碳纤维这方面的技术还有待研究。目前，制造商正和宇宙空间机构合作，试图填补这一空白。眼下，处理碳 纤维“边脚料”最先进的方法还是来自宝马公司，他们通过高温分解，能够使之退回成未加工状态。通过此种方法生产出的复合材料也具有碳纤维一半的硬度。Another advantage of a carbon-fibre body is that it will not So， apart from the battery wearing out in ten years or so， electric cars could last for decades (electric motors need little servicing) This will make it even harder for car designers to persuade those driving electrically to trade in their rustless， tough-as-old-boots vehicles for a new 碳纤维的另一优势在于不易腐蚀，如果不考虑电瓶10年左右的使用寿命，这种碳纤维电瓶汽车可以使用长达几十年（当然马达还是需要检修的）。与结实耐穿的靴 子让人不忍丢弃一样，当设计理念再有突飞猛进的发展时，如何让使用者放弃碳纤维电瓶汽车，设计者可要好好动一番脑筋喽。英文附带汉语拼音，希望对你有所帮助。

Guide the future development of the concept of automotive vehicles Summary of high-tech popularization and application makes the pace of replacement automotive products faster and faster， also makes the Chinese automotive industry independent research and development level and technical level with the international on the growing gap in the development of the concept car is even more the difference between the very WTO accession for China car alarm sounded， but also tremendous opportunity， our government， as well as automotive companies must increase their research and automotive design input， to establish a positive right car design concept， the concept of extensive vehicle design Keywords concept car designed to develop science， technology and culture Technology start-ups PIONEERINGWITHSCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYMONTHLY The 21st century， in order to lead and performance of the new century， the development of future automotive trends， a number of international auto companies， one after another at the major auto show in the world to launch its own concept car and new There is， however， must be caused by a phenomenon we are concerned about: As a car big country， but few Chinese car makers to launch its own development and design concept Are one of the main reasons for China's automotive design concepts and methods， as well as the lack of research and development of concept cars do not pay enough It can be said that a self-designed and self-development capacity of the automobile industry， it is difficult to say that is a complete auto Thus we must intensify the study of automotive design and input， to establish a positive right car design concept， the concept of extensive vehicle 1 "concept car" is defined The so-called "concept cars" that have not yet begun to enter the market with a design unique and must advance the awareness of the new Its main characteristics are: it must give people are to consider that can guide the new concept It has just the design in general at the time， people's aesthetic ideas， the purchasing power and even the level of motor vehicle manufacturing industry is also Generally it will be it avant-garde design， innovative materials， bold use of a more perfect performance， the new car interior design indicates that the direction of development of the automobile Some of the world's largest car company every year to spend many human and material resources to design their own concept car， and in some large auto exposition on It can be said that with the continuous introduction of concept cars， the near future may occur on some concept cars have today， some features or functions of the But not necessarily a concept car will each eventually evolve into mass production cars to enter the market， the majority of concept cars are finally only a "concept" for people to discuss the 2 concept car， in reality the meaning of 1 concept car design and development of automotive products reflected the development trend of 1 the performance of the highest scientific level and the most sophisticated technology in concept car At the International Motor Show the previous， and the major automotive companies and the introduction of the concept of lot of cars， concept cars to remove these sleek， but also more integrated into a large number of high-tech and modern means of the introduction of the concept car to become Motor Company takes pride in the idea of the concept of automotive research and development are often accompanied by new technologies and the use of new materials with certain forward-looking， herald a new stage of development and the beginning for this reason that car companies the development of the concept car has invested great human and material resources， with its show car the company's strong momentum of Various high-tech applications， making car slowly evolved into information， communications， entertainment centers and the exchange of information with the outside world， the computer functions and Internet all-round involvement， in-car information and entertainment equipment， advanced navigation equipment， real-time traffic information function of the growing popularity of the inevitable demand of these high-tech automotive designers transcend time and space to establish a new value system， the emergence of various new technologies for the automotive design freely given to a wider Function of motor vehicles for further expansion and development of the concept car， the car gradually from the cold machinery into human information exchange platform， if the concept car has its own way of expressing their emotions with pregnant， anger， sadness and joy， such as facial expression make the concept car than in high volume production cars， become a new symbol of Concept Car Design of automotive products have greater and greater impact， it represents the development direction of the automobile industry and the basic idea of the automobile company design standards and a symbol of scientific and technological 2 human physiological needs and psychological needs of the largest Satisfied --- Automotive Engineering in the Ergonomics Ergonomics are 50 in the early 20th century with the rapid development of a new subject with the aim of research， design and engineering technology to solve the relationship between the human Car body design in ergonomics， it is to people (drivers and passengers) as the center， from the body's physiology， psychology， and exercise the human body， the research body design， layout and equipment in terms of how to adapt to people need to create a manipulation convenient， safe， reliable， beautiful and comfortable driving environment and take the environment， that is the best person to design a - vehicle - environment Automotive Design Human-Computer analysis of the first ministries to human size required for measurement， statistics and analysis， conducting interior layout design as a basis to determine the effective space vehicle， as well as parts， assemblies (seats， dashboard ， steering wheel， ) position and dimensions of the relationship between Through the study of human physiological structure， so that the seat design in full compliance with the requirements of human Based on the manipulation of human manipulation of the scope and power to determine the layout of the manipulator position and force size， so that when the human body to manipulate natural， rapid， accurate and lightweight， so as to reduce the degree of manipulation of Through the visual characteristics of the human eye， the effect of vision research， testing， checking driver information system， to ensure that drivers have access to proper driving Exercise in accordance with the characteristics of the human body to study the automobile collision on the human body， a reasonable protection， the right to determine the hinged point seat belts and binding on the human body to study the vibration of the impact on ride comfort， research on and get off at the convenience of passengers， and door openings in order to determine location and According to the body's physiological requirements， reasonable certainty that the air-conditioning system and Research on the psychological characteristics and requirements， to design a comfortable， beautiful， relaxed by the 3 virtual product development technology At present， a growing number of automotive design companies and manufacturing companies to start using virtual product development technology， using three-dimensional virtual reality 3D technology development concept Opel car using 3D virtual reality technology concept car design and Designers can experience floating in the air of a virtual image of car design and manufacturing， saving considerable development costs， and plans to be extended to its North American assembly plant to Britain's Rolls-Royce， Renault， France， Germany Audi， as well as Italy， Sweden and other auto plants are actively engaged in this virtual design and Over the past automotive research and development centers to develop new or modified are first shaped body sludge physical model， is extremely time-consuming Now automotive R & D， in particular the development of concept cars are increasingly seeking the shortest development If the introduction of virtual product development technologies， as long as the computer input data to construct a model figure model， in the laboratory can show an ideal vehicle images， as long as the engineers wear eyepiece， you can see clearly， there is such as a car in front of us true， after all the discussion of design engineers modifications， you can quickly design an ideal new Stereotypes， the computer can use the data， outsourcing trial and trial fitted the new parts and components， assembly achieve zero error， and the development of aging more rapidly than in the 4 the concept of green environment-friendly vehicles to the development trend of Since entering the 21st century， countries around the world have been produced about 5 billion vehicles， according to expert estimates that in 2010 global vehicle production will reach 75 People sigh at the rapid development of automobile industry， but also an increasing awareness of pollution from motor vehicles to harm human beings， so many countries of the vehicle to develop environmental protection measures and regulations to protect the environment for human survival， so automotive environmental protection the design of this new concept car design to be placed in a prominent position on the Improve energy efficiency， improved engine configurations， including electronically controlled fuel injection system， secondary air injection， thermal reactor， exhaust gas recirculation system， catalytic purification device， crankcase ventilation systems， fuel evaporation control The development of alternative fuels， research and development of new environmentally-friendly energy， including natural gas， liquefied petroleum gas， fast charging batteries， hybrid power， hydrogen In the automotive manufacturing process， use of green materials， green packaging， green manufacturing processes and equipment and equipment Green car recycling 2 Concept car indicates road traffic in the evolution of human behavior 1 Concept foretells the future of the way road traffic trends Along with the development of automobile， the vehicle status is also slowly change， now car in people's minds as a symbol， a symbol of wealth and the embodiment of a status， but the car as a way of the nature of road traffic has Concept car design is based on the nature of a car's innovative design Concept car at the design of the way through the daily life of mankind， human beings in road traffic in the use of methods such as behavior and ways of life all aspects of prediction and analysis， it is envisaged to solve the future in the way road traffic between the object harmonious Strong and high-speed in today's technology enables the development of means of transport have a much broader space for development， more and more high-tech continuously applied at a new At present many of the world's major auto companies have realized that the development of the next car is no longer the biggest obstacles are technical limitations， but limits the designers Now appearing in major auto show concept cars are generally two types: one is based on the latest available technology can achieve another kind of concept cars are those who put forward some innovative technology options but is still in the research phase of the concept Able to express their feelings such as car， truck can random shell replacement car， be able to easily change the driving mode of motor vehicles， be able to swim in the water of the amphibious vehicle， able to fly in space vehicles， be able to change Like from Toyota and Sony jointly developed by "POD" cars， will be able to through the car before the lights， mirrors， antenna， as well as the rear seat to the car owners to express their "" Like Volkswagen's Seat International Auto Show in the United States on the introduction of multi-functional concept car "Sal? Juancheng sa"， there are sports， comfort and three kinds of urban-type driving mode selection for 2 Concept of culture differences in performance The United States as a world leader in the auto industry， concept cars at the manufacturing are on the forefront in the At the United States because of cultural blending， collision， so the concept car embodies the greater the diversity of cultures; are also caused by a highly developed country commercial， commercial design and pragmatism prevailed， so the design is set up at a deep aesthetic Ethics on the real and solve practical With the American cars are in sharp contrast to the Japanese concept Japan as the world's output of the second car big country， its concept car many practical and imagination， technology is better than art， more concerned about solving technical problems， it can be said in Japan This is the premise of the concept of car design， each model is to solve one kinds of technical problems The Japanese car model to maintain a small， simple， style characteristics of the economy and harmonious relations between man-machine deal with the Japanese are reflected as a delicate oriental thinking and compromise approach to solve the The United States put the design of commercial operation as an important aspect， Japan put out of Products Designed to accelerate as a tool， Germany put Designed as a social and cultural foundation， while the French took the design as a designer of stage From various countries so the concept of car design in different styles， we can see different countries， different concepts， as well as their different cultural backgrounds 3 Concluding remarks The future of automotive design as the development of the inevitable progress of Automotive Technology with each passing day， many of the artistic style of the designer will make it even more widely and more strongly reflected in the car design， and give people a wider Under high-tech， and personality of the car more humane 21st century will be the necessity of the development of the automobile industry， because it is consistent with human culture， the pursuit of individuality and Therefore， the increase in automobile design concept of the attention and input， will be the development of China's automobile industry has played a great role in pushing References 1尹定邦 Introduction to Study Design [M] Hunan: Hunan Science and Technology Press， 1999 2张洪欣 Auto Design [M] Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press， 1997 3 Tang Jia-Ti， Han Xiao Jian had --- Product conceptual design theory， methods and techniques [M] Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press， 2002 Tang Shu-Min Concept cars and car design development and innovation [J] Shenyang Institute of Aeronautical Engineering Journal， 2002 (6)

就这个题目可以写关于文化方面的内容

Cars in America(美国的汽车)Cars in AmericaCars are an important part of lifein the United S The car made the UnitedStatesanationon Andit helped to make the United States what it is There are three main reasons why the car became so popular in the United S First of all the country is a huge one and Americans like to move around in The cars provide the most comfortable and cheapest form of The second reason that cars are popular is the fact that the United States never really developed an efficient and inexpensive form of public Long-distance trains have never been as common in the United States as they are in other parts of the Nowadays there is a good system of air service provided by But it is too expensive to be used The third reason is the most important one， The American spirit of independence is what really made cars Americans don't like to wait for a bus， or a train or even a They don't like to have to follow an exact And the freedom a car gives them is what Americans want most to The decrease of gas supplies has caused a big problem for A But the answer will not be a bigger system of public The real solution will have to be a new kind of car， one that does not use so much

与汽车有关的毕业论文范文英语版

Guide the future development of the concept of automotive vehicles Summary of high-tech popularization and application makes the pace of replacement automotive products faster and faster， also makes the Chinese automotive industry independent research and development level and technical level with the international on the growing gap in the development of the concept car is even more the difference between the very WTO accession for China car alarm sounded， but also tremendous opportunity， our government， as well as automotive companies must increase their research and automotive design input， to establish a positive right car design concept， the concept of extensive vehicle design Keywords concept car designed to develop science， technology and culture Technology start-ups PIONEERINGWITHSCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYMONTHLY The 21st century， in order to lead and performance of the new century， the development of future automotive trends， a number of international auto companies， one after another at the major auto show in the world to launch its own concept car and new There is， however， must be caused by a phenomenon we are concerned about: As a car big country， but few Chinese car makers to launch its own development and design concept Are one of the main reasons for China's automotive design concepts and methods， as well as the lack of research and development of concept cars do not pay enough It can be said that a self-designed and self-development capacity of the automobile industry， it is difficult to say that is a complete auto Thus we must intensify the study of automotive design and input， to establish a positive right car design concept， the concept of extensive vehicle 1 "concept car" is defined The so-called "concept cars" that have not yet begun to enter the market with a design unique and must advance the awareness of the new Its main characteristics are: it must give people are to consider that can guide the new concept It has just the design in general at the time， people's aesthetic ideas， the purchasing power and even the level of motor vehicle manufacturing industry is also Generally it will be it avant-garde design， innovative materials， bold use of a more perfect performance， the new car interior design indicates that the direction of development of the automobile Some of the world's largest car company every year to spend many human and material resources to design their own concept car， and in some large auto exposition on It can be said that with the continuous introduction of concept cars， the near future may occur on some concept cars have today， some features or functions of the But not necessarily a concept car will each eventually evolve into mass production cars to enter the market， the majority of concept cars are finally only a "concept" for people to discuss the 2 concept car， in reality the meaning of 1 concept car design and development of automotive products reflected the development trend of 1 the performance of the highest scientific level and the most sophisticated technology in concept car At the International Motor Show the previous， and the major automotive companies and the introduction of the concept of lot of cars， concept cars to remove these sleek， but also more integrated into a large number of high-tech and modern means of the introduction of the concept car to become Motor Company takes pride in the idea of the concept of automotive research and development are often accompanied by new technologies and the use of new materials with certain forward-looking， herald a new stage of development and the beginning for this reason that car companies the development of the concept car has invested great human and material resources， with its show car the company's strong momentum of Various high-tech applications， making car slowly evolved into information， communications， entertainment centers and the exchange of information with the outside world， the computer functions and Internet all-round involvement， in-car information and entertainment equipment， advanced navigation equipment， real-time traffic information function of the growing popularity of the inevitable demand of these high-tech automotive designers transcend time and space to establish a new value system， the emergence of various new technologies for the automotive design freely given to a wider Function of motor vehicles for further expansion and development of the concept car， the car gradually from the cold machinery into human information exchange platform， if the concept car has its own way of expressing their emotions with pregnant， anger， sadness and joy， such as facial expression make the concept car than in high volume production cars， become a new symbol of Concept Car Design of automotive products have greater and greater impact， it represents the development direction of the automobile industry and the basic idea of the automobile company design standards and a symbol of scientific and technological 2 human physiological needs and psychological needs of the largest Satisfied --- Automotive Engineering in the Ergonomics Ergonomics are 50 in the early 20th century with the rapid development of a new subject with the aim of research， design and engineering technology to solve the relationship between the human Car body design in ergonomics， it is to people (drivers and passengers) as the center， from the body's physiology， psychology， and exercise the human body， the research body design， layout and equipment in terms of how to adapt to people need to create a manipulation convenient， safe， reliable， beautiful and comfortable driving environment and take the environment， that is the best person to design a - vehicle - environment Automotive Design Human-Computer analysis of the first ministries to human size required for measurement， statistics and analysis， conducting interior layout design as a basis to determine the effective space vehicle， as well as parts， assemblies (seats， dashboard ， steering wheel， ) position and dimensions of the relationship between Through the study of human physiological structure， so that the seat design in full compliance with the requirements of human Based on the manipulation of human manipulation of the scope and power to determine the layout of the manipulator position and force size， so that when the human body to manipulate natural， rapid， accurate and lightweight， so as to reduce the degree of manipulation of Through the visual characteristics of the human eye， the effect of vision research， testing， checking driver information system， to ensure that drivers have access to proper driving Exercise in accordance with the characteristics of the human body to study the automobile collision on the human body， a reasonable protection， the right to determine the hinged point seat belts and binding on the human body to study the vibration of the impact on ride comfort， research on and get off at the convenience of passengers， and door openings in order to determine location and According to the body's physiological requirements， reasonable certainty that the air-conditioning system and Research on the psychological characteristics and requirements， to design a comfortable， beautiful， relaxed by the 3 virtual product development technology At present， a growing number of automotive design companies and manufacturing companies to start using virtual product development technology， using three-dimensional virtual reality 3D technology development concept Opel car using 3D virtual reality technology concept car design and Designers can experience floating in the air of a virtual image of car design and manufacturing， saving considerable development costs， and plans to be extended to its North American assembly plant to Britain's Rolls-Royce， Renault， France， Germany Audi， as well as Italy， Sweden and other auto plants are actively engaged in this virtual design and Over the past automotive research and development centers to develop new or modified are first shaped body sludge physical model， is extremely time-consuming Now automotive R & D， in particular the development of concept cars are increasingly seeking the shortest development If the introduction of virtual product development technologies， as long as the computer input data to construct a model figure model， in the laboratory can show an ideal vehicle images， as long as the engineers wear eyepiece， you can see clearly， there is such as a car in front of us true， after all the discussion of design engineers modifications， you can quickly design an ideal new Stereotypes， the computer can use the data， outsourcing trial and trial fitted the new parts and components， assembly achieve zero error， and the development of aging more rapidly than in the 4 the concept of green environment-friendly vehicles to the development trend of Since entering the 21st century， countries around the world have been produced about 5 billion vehicles， according to expert estimates that in 2010 global vehicle production will reach 75 People sigh at the rapid development of automobile industry， but also an increasing awareness of pollution from motor vehicles to harm human beings， so many countries of the vehicle to develop environmental protection measures and regulations to protect the environment for human survival， so automotive environmental protection the design of this new concept car design to be placed in a prominent position on the Improve energy efficiency， improved engine configurations， including electronically controlled fuel injection system， secondary air injection， thermal reactor， exhaust gas recirculation system， catalytic purification device， crankcase ventilation systems， fuel evaporation control The development of alternative fuels， research and development of new environmentally-friendly energy， including natural gas， liquefied petroleum gas， fast charging batteries， hybrid power， hydrogen In the automotive manufacturing process， use of green materials， green packaging， green manufacturing processes and equipment and equipment Green car recycling 2 Concept car indicates road traffic in the evolution of human behavior 1 Concept foretells the future of the way road traffic trends Along with the development of automobile， the vehicle status is also slowly change， now car in people's minds as a symbol， a symbol of wealth and the embodiment of a status， but the car as a way of the nature of road traffic has Concept car design is based on the nature of a car's innovative design Concept car at the design of the way through the daily life of mankind， human beings in road traffic in the use of methods such as behavior and ways of life all aspects of prediction and analysis， it is envisaged to solve the future in the way road traffic between the object harmonious Strong and high-speed in today's technology enables the development of means of transport have a much broader space for development， more and more high-tech continuously applied at a new At present many of the world's major auto companies have realized that the development of the next car is no longer the biggest obstacles are technical limitations， but limits the designers Now appearing in major auto show concept cars are generally two types: one is based on the latest available technology can achieve another kind of concept cars are those who put forward some innovative technology options but is still in the research phase of the concept Able to express their feelings such as car， truck can random shell replacement car， be able to easily change the driving mode of motor vehicles， be able to swim in the water of the amphibious vehicle， able to fly in space vehicles， be able to change Like from Toyota and Sony jointly developed by "POD" cars， will be able to through the car before the lights， mirrors， antenna， as well as the rear seat to the car owners to express their "" Like Volkswagen's Seat International Auto Show in the United States on the introduction of multi-functional concept car "Sal? Juancheng sa"， there are sports， comfort and three kinds of urban-type driving mode selection for 2 Concept of culture differences in performance The United States as a world leader in the auto industry， concept cars at the manufacturing are on the forefront in the At the United States because of cultural blending， collision， so the concept car embodies the greater the diversity of cultures; are also caused by a highly developed country commercial， commercial design and pragmatism prevailed， so the design is set up at a deep aesthetic Ethics on the real and solve practical With the American cars are in sharp contrast to the Japanese concept Japan as the world's output of the second car big country， its concept car many practical and imagination， technology is better than art， more concerned about solving technical problems， it can be said in Japan This is the premise of the concept of car design， each model is to solve one kinds of technical problems The Japanese car model to maintain a small， simple， style characteristics of the economy and harmonious relations between man-machine deal with the Japanese are reflected as a delicate oriental thinking and compromise approach to solve the The United States put the design of commercial operation as an important aspect， Japan put out of Products Designed to accelerate as a tool， Germany put Designed as a social and cultural foundation， while the French took the design as a designer of stage From various countries so the concept of car design in different styles， we can see different countries， different concepts， as well as their different cultural backgrounds 3 Concluding remarks The future of automotive design as the development of the inevitable progress of Automotive Technology with each passing day， many of the artistic style of the designer will make it even more widely and more strongly reflected in the car design， and give people a wider Under high-tech， and personality of the car more humane 21st century will be the necessity of the development of the automobile industry， because it is consistent with human culture， the pursuit of individuality and Therefore， the increase in automobile design concept of the attention and input， will be the development of China's automobile industry has played a great role in pushing References 1尹定邦 Introduction to Study Design [M] Hunan: Hunan Science and Technology Press， 1999 2张洪欣 Auto Design [M] Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press， 1997 3 Tang Jia-Ti， Han Xiao Jian had --- Product conceptual design theory， methods and techniques [M] Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press， 2002 Tang Shu-Min Concept cars and car design development and innovation [J] Shenyang Institute of Aeronautical Engineering Journal， 2002 (6)

学术堂整理了一份汽车系毕业论文范文，供大家进行参考：　　范文题目《浅谈混合动力汽车的检测与维修》　　摘要：目前已研制成功并投入使用的混合动力电动汽车主要是内燃机与蓄电池混合的混合动力电动汽车，它被称为油电混合动力汽车。首先，随着汽车电控化程度的提高，特别是未来混合动力汽车、纯电动汽车以及燃料电池汽车的发展，汽车的主要故障将出现在电路方面，面对复杂、纷乱的汽车电路时，只有具备了过硬的理论知识后才有可能将它们理清楚、弄明白，才有可能进一步的形成正确的诊断思路，找到正确的维修方法。我们知道不同的混合动力系统其结构和工作原理各不相同，这就使得不同的混合动力汽车其检测与维修的方法也会有很大的差异。　　关键词：混合动力汽车，检测，维修　　混合动力电动汽车的英文是“Hybrid Electric Vehicle”，简称“HEV”。根据国际机电委员会下属的电力机动车技术委员会的建议，混合动力电动汽车是指有两种或两种以上的储能器、能源或转换器作驱动能源，至少有一种能提供电能的车辆称为混合动力电动汽车。目前已研制成功并投入使用的混合动力电动汽车主要是内燃机与蓄电池混合的混合动力电动汽车，它被称为油电混合动力汽车。本论文所述的混合动力汽车也只局限于这类油电混合动力汽车。　　所谓油电混合动力电动汽车(以下简称混合动力汽车)，是指采用传统的内燃机和电动机(电池) 做为动力源，通过使用热能和电力两套系统驱动汽车。混合动力汽车采用的内燃机既可是汽油机也可以是柴油机，而使用的电动系统包括高效强化的电动机、发电机和蓄电池。两套系统的联合使用使得内燃机、电动机都可在高效区经济内运行，输出功率相对稳定。燃油提供了车辆运行所需的大部分能量来源，而辅助动力单元即动力电池通过电机使车辆具有更好的动力性和经济性。　　一、混合动力汽车的检测与维修概述　　汽车维修工作主要分为保养、机械维修、电器及电控系统维修、钣金和喷漆这几个部分。对于混合动力汽车来说，它与传统的内燃机汽车的主要差别在于增加了一套电驱动系统，这套系统的增加使得原本就复杂的电控系统变得更加复杂，电器及电控系统的维修难度之大不言而喻。由于增加了一套电驱动系统并对原有内燃机汽车的结构作了相应的改造，这决定了混合动力汽车必将产生出新的特有的故障类型，原本适用于传统内燃机汽车的一些维修经验、诊断思路和检测方法在混合动力汽车上可能将不再适用，所以，作为一名维修人员如果墨守成规、依赖经验，不注重理论知识的学习和诊断思维的培养，将很快被淘汰。那么我们应该如何来面对接下来的挑战呢?　　首先，随着汽车电控化程度的提高，特别是未来混合动力汽车、纯电动汽车以及燃料电池汽车的发展，汽车的主要故障将出现在电路方面，面对复杂、纷乱的汽车电路时，只有具备了过硬的理论知识后才有可能将它们理清楚、弄明白，才有可能进一步的形成正确的诊断思路，找到正确的维修方法。　　其次，多观察、多比较。在掌握相关理论知识的基础上要回到实践当中来，多观察、多比较。仔细观察汽车的结构，认真的比较它与传统的内燃机汽车的异同点，将理论与实践紧密的连接起来。　　再次，勤总结。混合动力汽车必然会出现不同于现有传统内燃机汽车的特有的故障类型，应该在维修实践中将其详细的记录下来并认真的分析和总结，日积月累便能形成一套适合于混合动力汽车的行之有效的维修方法。　　二、混合动力汽车的检测与维修　　我们知道不同的混合动力系统其结构和工作原理各不相同，这就使得不同的混合动力汽车其检测与维修的方法也会有很大的差异。本文以丰田普锐斯混合动力汽车为例简单的介绍一下与混合动力汽车的检测与维修相关的问题。　　1、普锐斯混合动力汽车检测与维修注意事项　　普锐斯采用的是高压电路，动力电池组的额定电压为6V，发电机和电动机发出(或使用)的电压为500V。在普锐斯的电路系统中，高压电路的线束和连接器都为橙色，而且蓄电池等高压零件都贴有“高压”的警示标志，注意!不要触碰这些配线。论文格式。在检修过程中一定要严格按照正确的操作步骤操作。在检修过程中(如安装或拆卸零部件、对车辆进行检查等)必须注意以下几点：　　(1)对高压系统进行操作时首先应将车辆电源开关关闭;　　(2)穿好绝缘手套(戴绝缘手套前一定要先检查手套，不能有破损，哪怕针眼大的也不行，不能有裂纹，不能有老化的迹象，也不能是湿的);　　(3)将辅助蓄电池的负极电缆断开(在此之前应先查看故障码，有必要的化将故障码保存或记录下来，因为与传统内燃机汽车一样，断开蓄电池负极电缆故障码将被清除);　　(4)拆下检修塞，并将检修塞放在衣袋里妥善保管，这样可以避免其他人员误将检修塞装回原处，造成意外;　　(5)拆下检修塞后不要操作电源开关，否则可能损坏混合动力ECU;　　(6)拆下检修塞后至少将车辆放置5分钟后再进行其他操作，因为至少需要5分钟的时间对变频器内的高压电容器进行放电;　　(7)在进行高压系统的作业时，应在醒目的地方摆放警告标志，以提醒他人注意安全;　　(8)不要随身携带任何金属物体或其他导电体，以免不小心掉落引起线路短路;　　(9)拆下任何高压配线后应立刻用绝缘交代将其包好，保证其完全绝缘;　　(10)一定要按规定扭矩将高压螺钉端子拧紧。扭矩过大或过小都有可能导致故障;　　(11)完成对高压系统的操作后，在重新安装检修赛前，应再次确认在工作平台周围没有遗留任何零件或工具，并确认高压端子已拧紧，连接器已插好。论文格式。　　2、普锐斯的基本检修程序　　(1)车辆进入车间。　　(2)分析各户所述的故障。　　(3)将智能诊断仪II连接到车辆的诊断插座上。　　(4)读取故障码和定格数据，并将其记录下来。如果出现与CAN通信系统有关的故障码则应首先检查并修复CAN通信。　　(5)清除故障码。　　(6)故障症状确认。若故障未出现则进行故障症状模拟;若故障出现则查看故障码及相关数据流以获取相关信息。　　(7)进行基本检查，查阅相关资料。　　(8)根据故障现象、故障码、相关数据流并结合其他的检测手段进行故障诊断，找出故障原因。　　(9)排除故障。　　(10)确认故障排除。　　3、普锐斯混合动力汽车混合动力控制系统的检测与维修　　(1)对混合动力汽车控制系统进行操作前必须弄清楚混合动力汽车控制系统的组成和工作原理并结合电路图和相关的维修资料严格按规范的操作步骤进行。　　(2)普锐斯混合动力系统的相关检查　　①检查变频器　　查看故障码;清除故障码;戴上绝缘手套;关闭电源开关;拆下检修塞;拆下变频器盖，断开端子A和B。　　将电源开关拨到IG位置，此时会产生互锁开关系统的故障码;在线束侧用电压表测电压，同时用欧姆表测电阻。　　②检查转换器(戴上绝缘手套操作)　　若混合动力系统警告灯、主警告灯和充电警告灯同时点亮，则检查故障码并进行相应的故障排除。　　③检查速度传感器　　用欧姆表测量端子间的电阻，其值应符合标准值，否则更换变速驱动桥总成。　　④检查温度传感器　　用欧姆表测量端子间的电阻，应符合标准值，否则更换变速驱动桥总成。　　⑤检查加速踏板位置信号　　将电源开关拨到IG位置;用电压表测量混合动力车辆控制ECU连接器B中相应端子的电压，应符合标准值，否则更换加速踏板连杆总成。　　4、普锐斯混合动力汽车电池系统的检测与维修　　普锐斯混合动力汽车电池系统主要由以下几部分组成：动力电池组、12V辅助电池、电池ECU、冷却系统、电流传感器、检修塞系统主继电器等组成。　　动力电池组：普锐斯采用的是镍-氢动力电池组，它具有高功率密度和常使用寿命的特点。该电池组由28个电池模块串联而成，每个模块由6个1V或2V的单节电池串联而成。所以整个电池组共168个单节电池，可以得到6V的高电压。论文格式。　　电池ECU：电池ECU的功能是用来检测电池组的充电状态(SOC)、温度、电压、电流以及是否漏电，并将这些信息发送到HV ECU(混合动力ECU)。电池ECU还负责控制冷却风扇的工作，确保电池组处于正常的温度范围内。　　电池组冷却系统：电池组冷却系统由冷却风扇，一个进气温度传感器和3个位于电池内的温度传感器以及通风管路组成。3个温度传感器和一个进气温度传感器随时检测蓄电池及进气口的进气温度，若温度升高到一定值，电池ECU将启动冷却风扇，直到温度下降到规定值，从而使电池组的温度始终保持在正常的范围内。　　检修塞：检修塞位于电池组第19模块和第20模块中间，在检查或维修前拆下检修塞便可以切断电池组中部的高压电路，可以保证维修期间的人员安全。　　系统主继电器(SMR)：系统主继电器的作用是按照HV ECU的指令连接和断开到高压电路的动力。系统主继电器共由3个继电器组成，两个位于正极分别为SMR1、SMR2，一个位于负极SMR3。电路接通时，SMR1和SMR3工作，而后SMR2工作而SMR1关闭。　　辅助蓄电池：普锐斯采用的是12V的免维护电池，它与传统的汽车用蓄电池类似，负极也是通过车身接地的。该电池对高压很敏感，对其充电时应将它从车上拆下，用丰田专用的充电机充电，普通充电器没有专用的电压控制功能，有可能毁坏电池。　　参考文献　　[1] 陈清泉，孙逢春 编译 混合电动车辆基础[M] 北京：北京理工大学出版社，　　[2] 张金柱 混合动力汽车结构、原理与维修[M] 北京：化学工业出版社，　　[3] 耿新 混合动力技术的原理和应用[J] 汽车维修与保养，　　[4] Jon M 用于混合动力/电动汽车的可靠锂离子电池监视系统[J] CompoTechChina，2008(10)　　[5] 陈宗璋，吴振军 电动汽车动力源类型[J] 大众英雄，2008，(3)

让你同学帮你在一些高校的图书馆里找，那里都有电子档的

How Manual Transmissions Work by Marshall Brain ­If you drive a stick-shift car， then you may have several questions floating in your ­How does the funny "H" pattern that I am moving this shift knob through have any relation to the gears inside the transmission? What is moving inside the transmission when I move the shifter? When I mess up and hear that horrible grinding sound， what is actually grinding? What would happen if I were to accidentally shift into reverse while I am speeding down the freeway? Would the entire transmission explode? In this article， we'll answer all of these questions and more as we explore the interior of a manual Cars need transmissions because of the physics of the gasoline First， any engine has a redline -- a maximum rpm value above which the engine cannot go without Second， if you have read How Horsepower Works， then you know that engines have narrow rpm ranges where horsepower and torque are at their For example， an engine might produce its maximum horsepower at 5，500 The transmission allows the gear ratio between the engine and the drive wheels to change as the car speeds up and slows You shift gears so the engine can stay below the redline and near the rpm band of its best Photo courtesy DaimlerChrysler Mercedes-Benz Actros， manual See more transmission Ideally， the transmission would be so flexible in its ratios that the engine could always run at its single， best-performance rpm That is the idea behind the continuously variable transmission (CVT) A CVT has a nearly infinite range of gear In the past， CVTs could not compete with four-speed and five-speed transmissions in terms of cost， size and reliability， so you didn't see them in production These days， improvements in design have made CVTs more The Toyota Prius is a hybrid car that uses a CVT The transmission is connected to the engine through the The input shaft of the transmission therefore turns at the same rpm as the engine

与汽车有关的毕业论文范文大全

学术堂整理了一份汽车系毕业论文范文，供大家进行参考：　　范文题目《浅谈混合动力汽车的检测与维修》　　摘要：目前已研制成功并投入使用的混合动力电动汽车主要是内燃机与蓄电池混合的混合动力电动汽车，它被称为油电混合动力汽车。首先，随着汽车电控化程度的提高，特别是未来混合动力汽车、纯电动汽车以及燃料电池汽车的发展，汽车的主要故障将出现在电路方面，面对复杂、纷乱的汽车电路时，只有具备了过硬的理论知识后才有可能将它们理清楚、弄明白，才有可能进一步的形成正确的诊断思路，找到正确的维修方法。我们知道不同的混合动力系统其结构和工作原理各不相同，这就使得不同的混合动力汽车其检测与维修的方法也会有很大的差异。　　关键词：混合动力汽车，检测，维修　　混合动力电动汽车的英文是“Hybrid Electric Vehicle”，简称“HEV”。根据国际机电委员会下属的电力机动车技术委员会的建议，混合动力电动汽车是指有两种或两种以上的储能器、能源或转换器作驱动能源，至少有一种能提供电能的车辆称为混合动力电动汽车。目前已研制成功并投入使用的混合动力电动汽车主要是内燃机与蓄电池混合的混合动力电动汽车，它被称为油电混合动力汽车。本论文所述的混合动力汽车也只局限于这类油电混合动力汽车。　　所谓油电混合动力电动汽车(以下简称混合动力汽车)，是指采用传统的内燃机和电动机(电池) 做为动力源，通过使用热能和电力两套系统驱动汽车。混合动力汽车采用的内燃机既可是汽油机也可以是柴油机，而使用的电动系统包括高效强化的电动机、发电机和蓄电池。两套系统的联合使用使得内燃机、电动机都可在高效区经济内运行，输出功率相对稳定。燃油提供了车辆运行所需的大部分能量来源，而辅助动力单元即动力电池通过电机使车辆具有更好的动力性和经济性。　　一、混合动力汽车的检测与维修概述　　汽车维修工作主要分为保养、机械维修、电器及电控系统维修、钣金和喷漆这几个部分。对于混合动力汽车来说，它与传统的内燃机汽车的主要差别在于增加了一套电驱动系统，这套系统的增加使得原本就复杂的电控系统变得更加复杂，电器及电控系统的维修难度之大不言而喻。由于增加了一套电驱动系统并对原有内燃机汽车的结构作了相应的改造，这决定了混合动力汽车必将产生出新的特有的故障类型，原本适用于传统内燃机汽车的一些维修经验、诊断思路和检测方法在混合动力汽车上可能将不再适用，所以，作为一名维修人员如果墨守成规、依赖经验，不注重理论知识的学习和诊断思维的培养，将很快被淘汰。那么我们应该如何来面对接下来的挑战呢?　　首先，随着汽车电控化程度的提高，特别是未来混合动力汽车、纯电动汽车以及燃料电池汽车的发展，汽车的主要故障将出现在电路方面，面对复杂、纷乱的汽车电路时，只有具备了过硬的理论知识后才有可能将它们理清楚、弄明白，才有可能进一步的形成正确的诊断思路，找到正确的维修方法。　　其次，多观察、多比较。在掌握相关理论知识的基础上要回到实践当中来，多观察、多比较。仔细观察汽车的结构，认真的比较它与传统的内燃机汽车的异同点，将理论与实践紧密的连接起来。　　再次，勤总结。混合动力汽车必然会出现不同于现有传统内燃机汽车的特有的故障类型，应该在维修实践中将其详细的记录下来并认真的分析和总结，日积月累便能形成一套适合于混合动力汽车的行之有效的维修方法。　　二、混合动力汽车的检测与维修　　我们知道不同的混合动力系统其结构和工作原理各不相同，这就使得不同的混合动力汽车其检测与维修的方法也会有很大的差异。本文以丰田普锐斯混合动力汽车为例简单的介绍一下与混合动力汽车的检测与维修相关的问题。　　1、普锐斯混合动力汽车检测与维修注意事项　　普锐斯采用的是高压电路，动力电池组的额定电压为6V，发电机和电动机发出(或使用)的电压为500V。在普锐斯的电路系统中，高压电路的线束和连接器都为橙色，而且蓄电池等高压零件都贴有“高压”的警示标志，注意!不要触碰这些配线。论文格式。在检修过程中一定要严格按照正确的操作步骤操作。在检修过程中(如安装或拆卸零部件、对车辆进行检查等)必须注意以下几点：　　(1)对高压系统进行操作时首先应将车辆电源开关关闭;　　(2)穿好绝缘手套(戴绝缘手套前一定要先检查手套，不能有破损，哪怕针眼大的也不行，不能有裂纹，不能有老化的迹象，也不能是湿的);　　(3)将辅助蓄电池的负极电缆断开(在此之前应先查看故障码，有必要的化将故障码保存或记录下来，因为与传统内燃机汽车一样，断开蓄电池负极电缆故障码将被清除);　　(4)拆下检修塞，并将检修塞放在衣袋里妥善保管，这样可以避免其他人员误将检修塞装回原处，造成意外;　　(5)拆下检修塞后不要操作电源开关，否则可能损坏混合动力ECU;　　(6)拆下检修塞后至少将车辆放置5分钟后再进行其他操作，因为至少需要5分钟的时间对变频器内的高压电容器进行放电;　　(7)在进行高压系统的作业时，应在醒目的地方摆放警告标志，以提醒他人注意安全;　　(8)不要随身携带任何金属物体或其他导电体，以免不小心掉落引起线路短路;　　(9)拆下任何高压配线后应立刻用绝缘交代将其包好，保证其完全绝缘;　　(10)一定要按规定扭矩将高压螺钉端子拧紧。扭矩过大或过小都有可能导致故障;　　(11)完成对高压系统的操作后，在重新安装检修赛前，应再次确认在工作平台周围没有遗留任何零件或工具，并确认高压端子已拧紧，连接器已插好。论文格式。　　2、普锐斯的基本检修程序　　(1)车辆进入车间。　　(2)分析各户所述的故障。　　(3)将智能诊断仪II连接到车辆的诊断插座上。　　(4)读取故障码和定格数据，并将其记录下来。如果出现与CAN通信系统有关的故障码则应首先检查并修复CAN通信。　　(5)清除故障码。　　(6)故障症状确认。若故障未出现则进行故障症状模拟;若故障出现则查看故障码及相关数据流以获取相关信息。　　(7)进行基本检查，查阅相关资料。　　(8)根据故障现象、故障码、相关数据流并结合其他的检测手段进行故障诊断，找出故障原因。　　(9)排除故障。　　(10)确认故障排除。　　3、普锐斯混合动力汽车混合动力控制系统的检测与维修　　(1)对混合动力汽车控制系统进行操作前必须弄清楚混合动力汽车控制系统的组成和工作原理并结合电路图和相关的维修资料严格按规范的操作步骤进行。　　(2)普锐斯混合动力系统的相关检查　　①检查变频器　　查看故障码;清除故障码;戴上绝缘手套;关闭电源开关;拆下检修塞;拆下变频器盖，断开端子A和B。　　将电源开关拨到IG位置，此时会产生互锁开关系统的故障码;在线束侧用电压表测电压，同时用欧姆表测电阻。　　②检查转换器(戴上绝缘手套操作)　　若混合动力系统警告灯、主警告灯和充电警告灯同时点亮，则检查故障码并进行相应的故障排除。　　③检查速度传感器　　用欧姆表测量端子间的电阻，其值应符合标准值，否则更换变速驱动桥总成。　　④检查温度传感器　　用欧姆表测量端子间的电阻，应符合标准值，否则更换变速驱动桥总成。　　⑤检查加速踏板位置信号　　将电源开关拨到IG位置;用电压表测量混合动力车辆控制ECU连接器B中相应端子的电压，应符合标准值，否则更换加速踏板连杆总成。　　4、普锐斯混合动力汽车电池系统的检测与维修　　普锐斯混合动力汽车电池系统主要由以下几部分组成：动力电池组、12V辅助电池、电池ECU、冷却系统、电流传感器、检修塞系统主继电器等组成。　　动力电池组：普锐斯采用的是镍-氢动力电池组，它具有高功率密度和常使用寿命的特点。该电池组由28个电池模块串联而成，每个模块由6个1V或2V的单节电池串联而成。所以整个电池组共168个单节电池，可以得到6V的高电压。论文格式。　　电池ECU：电池ECU的功能是用来检测电池组的充电状态(SOC)、温度、电压、电流以及是否漏电，并将这些信息发送到HV ECU(混合动力ECU)。电池ECU还负责控制冷却风扇的工作，确保电池组处于正常的温度范围内。　　电池组冷却系统：电池组冷却系统由冷却风扇，一个进气温度传感器和3个位于电池内的温度传感器以及通风管路组成。3个温度传感器和一个进气温度传感器随时检测蓄电池及进气口的进气温度，若温度升高到一定值，电池ECU将启动冷却风扇，直到温度下降到规定值，从而使电池组的温度始终保持在正常的范围内。　　检修塞：检修塞位于电池组第19模块和第20模块中间，在检查或维修前拆下检修塞便可以切断电池组中部的高压电路，可以保证维修期间的人员安全。　　系统主继电器(SMR)：系统主继电器的作用是按照HV ECU的指令连接和断开到高压电路的动力。系统主继电器共由3个继电器组成，两个位于正极分别为SMR1、SMR2，一个位于负极SMR3。电路接通时，SMR1和SMR3工作，而后SMR2工作而SMR1关闭。　　辅助蓄电池：普锐斯采用的是12V的免维护电池，它与传统的汽车用蓄电池类似，负极也是通过车身接地的。该电池对高压很敏感，对其充电时应将它从车上拆下，用丰田专用的充电机充电，普通充电器没有专用的电压控制功能，有可能毁坏电池。　　参考文献　　[1] 陈清泉，孙逢春 编译 混合电动车辆基础[M] 北京：北京理工大学出版社，　　[2] 张金柱 混合动力汽车结构、原理与维修[M] 北京：化学工业出版社，　　[3] 耿新 混合动力技术的原理和应用[J] 汽车维修与保养，　　[4] Jon M 用于混合动力/电动汽车的可靠锂离子电池监视系统[J] CompoTechChina，2008(10)　　[5] 陈宗璋，吴振军 电动汽车动力源类型[J] 大众英雄，2008，(3)

厢式汽车底盘改装设计【摘要】根据用户需求，使厢式汽车具有各种功能，必须对其底盘进行改造。文章在分析底盘改装设计内容和要求的基础上，对车架后悬的改装，千斤顶的安装，油箱的移位等提出改造设计方案，并提出了操作注意事项。【关键词】底盘;改装设计;注意事项0引言厢式汽车是具有独立的封闭结构车厢或与驾驶室联成一体的整体式封闭结构车厢，装备有专用设施，用于载运人员、货物或承担专门作业的专用汽车厢式汽车主要由二类汽车底盘、车厢，连接装置等组成。多数情况下，生产厢式汽车的专用汽车改装厂自己不生产底盘，而是从生产汽车的主机厂购买二类汽车底盘，回厂后根据需要对底盘进行改装设计。为了满足用户提出的要求，保证厢式车具有各种各样的功能，需要对底盘进行这样那样的改装设计总结笔者多年来的工作经验，底盘改装项目主要有车架后悬的改变、加装千斤顶、油箱移位、移动横梁、移动汽液管等。改装时，总的原则是不影响、不降低原二类底盘的性能，不允许随意改变底盘轴距、轮距，保证改装后底盘的强度性能。改装设计应使原来底盘的保养部位、润滑点、注油口、蓄电池和驾驶室翻转操纵机构易于接近，便于操作，不能损坏原底盘上为用户正确使用而设置的各种标识，不应使底盘的维修及保养变得困难[1]。1车架后悬的改造1后悬改装设计车架后悬的改造有两种情况，1)后悬缩短。2)后悬加长。按照GB7258《机动车运行安全技术条件》[2]要求，客车及封闭式车厢的车辆后悬不得超过轴距的65%，最大不得超过5m。对于特殊改装汽车，除了满足上述条件外，为了保证车辆越野性，还要满足离去角要求，GJB219B《军用通信车通用规范》[3]中规定，底盘改装后离去角不得小于26°。一般情况下，车架后端至上装车厢后端的距离不得超过400 mm。当缩短车架后悬时，要保留后横梁或直接利用后横梁附近之前的横梁，同时注意不能损坏板簧后吊耳的连接。当加长车架后悬时，后横梁至前一横梁的距离不应大于1 200mm～1 400 mm，必要时在延长的空间内纵向增加辅助横梁。不论缩短还是加长车架后悬，改制后的后横梁在车架大梁前大约50mm左右(见图1)。后悬加长设计时，为了保证车架的强度，要采用与原车架纵横梁同型号、规格的材料，材料的性能、质量应符合相应标准的规定，一般车架都选用16MnL专用材料。2后悬改装操作注意事项后悬改装时要移动后横梁或增加辅助横梁，横梁与纵梁上下翼联接最好采用铆接方式。铆接具有工艺简单、抗震、耐冲击和牢固可靠等优点。如果采用螺栓联接，要注意螺栓应采用强度等级不低于8级的螺栓，螺母应采用自锁螺母，整体上要保证强度和防松要求。纵梁加长一般采用焊接方式，为了确保车架加长不出现质量问题，一般企业都制定了《车辆改装车架接长专用工艺规程》，其中规定了焊接人员、设备、材料、操作方法等，每批产品改装前都要做焊缝强度试验，试验合格后，才允许按照工艺要求进行施工。试样材料与被接长的纵梁一致，一般都是16MnL，按照下图制作两件(见图2)。两件对接立焊，采用J507或J502焊条，分两次焊完，底层采用!(2 mm焊条，顶层采用(!4 mm焊条，电流I=110～170A。焊缝要求如下(图3)。

随着国民经济的迅猛发展，汽车产量逐年增加，2006年已达720万辆。我国汽车保有量越来越多，车型也越来越复杂。尤其是高科技的飞速发展，一些新技术、新材料在汽车上的广泛应用后，给汽车故障诊断与排除增加了一定难度。本篇论文重点讨论轿车离合器的故障分析及维修方法。离合器是手动变速汽车必备的一个重要总成。没有离合器手动挡汽车将无法起步，并且难以实现挡位变换。在汽车使用中，离合器难免出现这样、那样的故障，直接影响汽车的正常运行。现在汽车迅速进入家庭，汽车私有化程度提高，所以汽车故障将会影响到我们每一个人。分析研究离合器故障现象、原因、探索离合器故障的排除方法和离合器的维修工艺，具有重大而现实的意义。本文重点通过北京现代轿车离合器故障的探讨，正确认识离合器故障，更好的使用和维护离合器。2 离合器概述在汽车上，离合器是手动汽车和电控换档机械式自动变速器汽车传动系中的一个重要总成，是保证这样汽车能够起步和换档的一个必备的独立部件。1 离合器的功用及发展概况1 离合器的功用离合器安装在发动机与变速器之间，用来分离或接合前后两者之间动力联系。其功用是：1）使汽车平稳起步;2）中断给传动系的动力，配合换挡3）防止传动系过载2 离合器的发展概况现今所用的盘片式离合器的先驱的多片盘式离合器，它是直到1925年以后才出现的。多片离合器最主要的优点是，在汽车起步时离合器的接合比较平顺，无冲击。20世纪20年代末，直到进入30年代时，只有工程车辆、赛车和大功率的轿车上使用多片离合器。多年的实践经验和技术上的改进使人们逐渐趋向与首选单片干式摩擦离合器，因为它具有从动部件转动惯量小、散热性好、结构简单、调整方便、尺寸紧凑、分离彻底等优点，而且在结构上采取一定措施，已能做到接合平顺，因此现在广泛用于大、中、小各类车型中。如今单片干式摩擦离合器在结构设计方面相当完善。采用具有轴向弹性的从动盘，提高了离合器接合时的平顺性。离合器从动盘总成中装有扭转减振器，防止了传动系统的扭转共振，减小了传动系噪声和动载荷，随着人们对汽车舒适性要求的提高，离合器已在原有基础上得到不断改进，乘用车上愈来愈多地采用具有双质量飞轮的扭转减振器，能更有效地降低传动系的噪声。2 离合器工作原理种类以及要求1 离合器的种类汽车离合器有摩擦式离合器、液力偶合器、电磁离合器等几种。液力偶合器靠工作液(油液)传递转矩，外壳与泵轮连为一体，是主动件；涡轮与泵轮相对，是从动件。当泵轮转速较低时，涡轮不能被带动，主动件与从动件之间处于分离状态；随着泵轮转速的提高，涡轮被带动，主动件与从动件之间处于接合状态。　电磁离合器靠线圈的通断电来控制离合器的接合与分离。如在主动与从动件之间放置磁粉，则可以加强两者之间的接合力，这样的离合器称为磁粉式电磁离合器。　目前，与手动变速器相配合的绝大多数离合器为干式摩擦式离合器，按其从动盘的数目，又分为单盘式、双盘式和多盘式等几种。摩擦式离合器又分为湿式和干式两种。离合器的工作原理2 离合器工作原理离合器的工作原理：离合器的主动部分和从动部分借接触面间的摩擦作用，或是用液体作为传动介质(液力偶合器)，或是用磁力传动(电磁离合器)来传递转矩，使两者之间可以暂时分离，又可逐渐接合，在传动过程中又允许两部分相互转动。　　目前在汽车上广泛采用的是用弹簧压紧的摩擦离合器(简称为摩擦离合器)。　　1 摩擦式离合器工作原理：发动机飞轮是离合器的主动件。带有摩擦片的从动盘和从动盘毂借滑动花键与从动轴（变速器主动轴）相连。压紧弹簧将从动盘压紧在飞轮端面上。发动机转矩即靠飞轮与从动盘接触面之间的摩擦作用而传到从动盘，再由此经过从动轴和传动系统中一系列部件驱动车轮。弹簧的压紧力越大，则离合器所能传递的转矩也越大。3 摩擦离合器应满足的基本要求(1)保证能传递发动机发出的最大转矩，并且还有一定的传递转矩余力。(2)能作到分离时，彻底分离，接合时柔和，并具有良好的散热能力。　(3)从动部分的转动惯量尽量小一些。这样，在分离离合器换档时，与变速器输入轴相连　部分的转速就比较容易变化，从而减轻齿轮间冲击。　(4)具有缓和转动方向冲击，衰减该方向振动的能力，且噪音小。　　(5)压盘压力和摩擦片的摩擦系数变化小，工作稳定。 　(6)操纵省力，维修保养方便。3 汽车常用典型离合器的结构与特点1 膜片弹资料来源：

与汽车有关的毕业论文题目大全英语

新能源汽车是指采用非常规的车用燃料作为动力来源（或使用常规的车用燃料、采用新型车载动力装置），综合车辆的动力操控和驱动方面的先进技术，形成的技术原理先进、具有新技术、新结构的汽车。主要区别于现在我们常见的汽油和柴油为燃料的内燃机汽车。新能源汽车包括纯电动汽车、增程式电动汽车、混合动力汽车、燃料电池电动汽车、氢动力汽车、其他新能源汽车等。下面介绍几个市场主流的新能源汽车类型：1、新能源包括混合动力汽车：采用燃油和电作为驱动原料的混合动力。目前各大品牌基本都有此类车型，比如：奔驰S400、宝马5系等，这些混动车辆都会标有Hybrid字样。2、纯电动汽车：此款车完全脱离了燃油，完全靠电作为驱动原料的混合动力。3、燃料电池汽车：这款车也是电池车，是一种氢氧混合燃料电池，您可以快速将电池燃料灌满，无需充电等待。4、氢能源动力汽车：此款车也完全脱离了燃油，利用氢能源替代了燃料。5、太阳能汽车：这款车大家比较容易理解，通过太阳能电池板，转化成电能来驱动车辆。还有其他新能源汽车，如：双燃料汽车、天然气汽车等

有招编辑部这边做过类似的文章通过的哦，小编全程 免费 提供专业写作思路和构建框架， 在线构题辅导，这样能更准确的解决同学的问题哦，望采纳哦，，麻烦同学了。

你的论文准备往什么方向写，选题老师审核通过了没，有没有列个大纲让老师看一下写作方向？　　老师有没有和你说论文往哪个方向写比较好？写论文之前，一定要写个大纲，这样老师，好确定了框架，避免以后论文修改过程中出现大改的情况！！　　学校的格式要求、写作规范要注意，否则很可能发回来重新改，你要还有什么不明白或不懂可以问我，希望你能够顺利毕业，迈向新的人生。　　　　（一）选题　　毕业论文（设计）题目应符合本专业的培养目标和教学要求，具有综合性和创新性。本科生要根据自己的实际情况和专业特长，选择适当的论文题目，但所写论文要与本专业所学课程有关。　　（二）查阅资料、列出论文提纲　　题目选定后，要在指导教师指导下开展调研和进行实验，搜集、查阅有关资料，进行加工、提炼，然后列出详细的写作提纲。　　（三）完成初稿　　根据所列提纲，按指导教师的意见认真完成初稿。　　（四）定稿　　初稿须经指导教师审阅，并按其意见和要求进行修改，然后定稿。　　一般毕业论文题目的选择最好不要太泛，越具体越好，而且老师希望学生能结合自己学过的知识对问题进行分析和解决。　　不知道你是否确定了选题，　　确定选题了接下来你需要根据选题去查阅前辈们的相关论文，　　看看人家是怎么规划论文整体框架的；　　其次就是需要自己动手收集资料了，　　进而整理和分析资料得出自己的论文框架；　　最后就是按照框架去组织论文了。　　你如果需要什么参考资料和范文我可以提供给你。　　还有什么不了解的可以直接问我，希望可以帮到你，祝写作过程顺利　　　　　　毕业论文选题的方法:　　一、尽快确定毕业论文的选题方向 在毕业论文工作布置后，每个人都应遵循选题的基本原则，在较短的时间内把选题的方向确定下来。从毕业论文题目的性质来看，基本上可以分为两大类:一类是社会主义现代化建设实践中提出的理论和实际问题;另一类是专业学科本身发展中存在的基本范畴和基本理论问题。大学生应根据自己的志趣和爱好，尽快从上述两大类中确定一个方向。　　　　　　二、在初步调查研究的基础上选定毕业论文的具体题目在选题的方向确定以后，还要经过一定的调查和研究，来进一步确定选题的范围，以至最后选定具体题目。下面介绍两种常见的选题方法。 浏览捕捉法 :这种方法就是通过对占有的文献资料快速地、大量地阅读，在比较中来确定论文题目地方法。浏览，一般是在资料占有达到一定数量时集中一段时间进行，这样便于对资料作集中的比较和鉴别。浏览的目的是在咀嚼消化已有资料的过程中，提出问题，寻找自己的研究课题。这就需要对收集到的材料作一全面的阅读研究，主要的、次要的、不同角度的、不同观点的都应了解，不能看了一些资料，有了一点看法，就到此为止，急于动笔。也不能“先入为主”，以自己头脑中原有的观点或看了第一篇资料后得到的看法去决定取舍。而应冷静地、客观地对所有资料作认真的分析思考。在浩如烟海，内容丰富的资料中吸取营养，反复思考琢磨许多时候之后，必然会有所发现，这是搞科学研究的人时常会碰到的情形。 浏览捕捉法一般可按以下步骤进行: 第一步，广泛地浏览资料。在浏览中要注意勤作笔录，随时记下资料的纲目，记下资料中对自己影响最深刻的观点、论据、论证方法等，记下脑海中涌现的点滴体会。当然，手抄笔录并不等于有言必录，有文必录，而是要做细心的选择，有目的、有重点地摘录，当详则详，当略则略，一些相同的或类似的观点和材料则不必重复摘录，只需记下资料来源及页码就行，以避免浪费时间和精力。 第二步，是将阅读所得到的方方面面的内容，进行分类、排列、组合，从中寻找问题、发现问题，材料可按纲目分类，如分成: 系统介绍有关问题研究发展概况的资料; 对某一个问题研究情况的资料; 对同一问题几种不同观点的资料; 对某一问题研究最新的资料和成果等等。 第三步，将自己在研究中的体会与资料分别加以比较，找出哪些体会在资料中没有或部分没有;哪些体会虽然资料已有，但自己对此有不同看法;哪些体会和资料是基本一致的;哪些体会是在资料基础上的深化和发挥等等。经过几番深思熟虑的思考过程，就容易萌生自己的想法。把这种想法及时捕捉住，再作进一步的思考，选题的目标也就会渐渐明确起来。

Cars in America(美国的汽车)Cars in AmericaCars are an important part of lifein the United S The car made the UnitedStatesanationon Andit helped to make the United States what it is There are three main reasons why the car became so popular in the United S First of all the country is a huge one and Americans like to move around in The cars provide the most comfortable and cheapest form of The second reason that cars are popular is the fact that the United States never really developed an efficient and inexpensive form of public Long-distance trains have never been as common in the United States as they are in other parts of the Nowadays there is a good system of air service provided by But it is too expensive to be used The third reason is the most important one， The American spirit of independence is what really made cars Americans don't like to wait for a bus， or a train or even a They don't like to have to follow an exact And the freedom a car gives them is what Americans want most to The decrease of gas supplies has caused a big problem for A But the answer will not be a bigger system of public The real solution will have to be a new kind of car， one that does not use so much 美国的汽车汽车是美国生活的重要组成部分。汽车使得美国成为轮子上的国家，它也帮助美国成为现在的样子。汽车在美国如此盛行有三个主要原因。首先这个国家地域辽阔，而美国人喜欢在其间来回走动。汽车提供了最舒适最便宜的交通方式。汽车如此盛行的第二个原因是美国从未真正发展过有效廉价的公共交通这一事实。美国的长途火车从未像世界上其它地方那么普及。如今飞机提供了空中服务的良好体系。但是飞机太贵了，不能频繁使用。而第三个原因是最为重要的。美国人的独立精神是使得汽车盛行的真正原因。美国人不喜欢等公共汽车、火车甚至飞机。他们不喜欢必须遵循精确的时间表。汽车给予他们的自由正是美国人最想得到的。汽油供给的减少已经给美国人带来了巨大的问题。但答案不是发展更大型的公交体系。真正的解决方式必须是一种新型的汽车，那种不需要使用很多燃料的汽车。Car PollutionEach year there is an increasing number of cars on the roads as millions of new cars are One out of six Americans works at making cars， driving trucks， building roads or filling up Americans couldn't live without cars!Most Americans would find it hard to imagine life without a However， some have realized the serious problem of air pollution caused by The polluted air becomes poisonous and dangerous to One way to get rid of the polluted air is to make a car without But to build a clean car is easier said than Progress in this field is Another way is to replace car engines with something Inventors are now working on steam cars as well as electric Many makers believe that it will take years to develop a practical model for To prevent the world from being polluted by cars， we have to make some changes in our Americans， for example， have to cut down on the number of their total They are encouraged to use bicycles， which are thought to help keep the air But this change does not come A large number of workers may find themselves without jobs if a car factory cioses Thus the problem of air pollution would become less important than that of Although cars have led us to a better life， they have also brought us new 汽车污染上路的汽车数量逐年增长，同时，每年都会生产出几百万辆新车。在美国，每六个人中就有一个从事与汽车相关的工作：造车、开车、修路、加油等等。离开汽车，美国人无法生活!大部分美国人简直无法想象没有车的生活会是什么样子。但是一些人也已经意识到汽车造成的空气污染已成为严重的问题。被污染的空气具有毒性，并且危害健康。解决空气污染的方法之一就是制造无污染汽车。但是生产清洁汽车说来容易做来难。目前，这一领域的进展十分缓慢。另一个方法就是使用其他东西替代汽车发动机。发明家正在研制蒸汽汽车和电车。但是许多厂家认为我们可以使用的实用型汽车的诞生可能还需要几年时间。要想阻止全球化的汽车污染，我们需要对自己的生活方式做出适当的改变。例如，在美国，需要缩减汽车总量。鼓励人们使用有助空气清洁的自行车。但这种改变不能一蹴而就。一旦汽车工厂关闭，就会有大量工人失去工作。与失业相比，空气污染似乎就不再那么重要了。尽管汽车为我们带来了更加舒适的生活，同时，它也带来了新的问题。

与汽车有关的毕业论文范文大全初中

厢式汽车底盘改装设计【摘要】根据用户需求，使厢式汽车具有各种功能，必须对其底盘进行改造。文章在分析底盘改装设计内容和要求的基础上，对车架后悬的改装，千斤顶的安装，油箱的移位等提出改造设计方案，并提出了操作注意事项。【关键词】底盘;改装设计;注意事项0引言厢式汽车是具有独立的封闭结构车厢或与驾驶室联成一体的整体式封闭结构车厢，装备有专用设施，用于载运人员、货物或承担专门作业的专用汽车厢式汽车主要由二类汽车底盘、车厢，连接装置等组成。多数情况下，生产厢式汽车的专用汽车改装厂自己不生产底盘，而是从生产汽车的主机厂购买二类汽车底盘，回厂后根据需要对底盘进行改装设计。为了满足用户提出的要求，保证厢式车具有各种各样的功能，需要对底盘进行这样那样的改装设计总结笔者多年来的工作经验，底盘改装项目主要有车架后悬的改变、加装千斤顶、油箱移位、移动横梁、移动汽液管等。改装时，总的原则是不影响、不降低原二类底盘的性能，不允许随意改变底盘轴距、轮距，保证改装后底盘的强度性能。改装设计应使原来底盘的保养部位、润滑点、注油口、蓄电池和驾驶室翻转操纵机构易于接近，便于操作，不能损坏原底盘上为用户正确使用而设置的各种标识，不应使底盘的维修及保养变得困难[1]。1车架后悬的改造1后悬改装设计车架后悬的改造有两种情况，1)后悬缩短。2)后悬加长。按照GB7258《机动车运行安全技术条件》[2]要求，客车及封闭式车厢的车辆后悬不得超过轴距的65%，最大不得超过5m。对于特殊改装汽车，除了满足上述条件外，为了保证车辆越野性，还要满足离去角要求，GJB219B《军用通信车通用规范》[3]中规定，底盘改装后离去角不得小于26°。一般情况下，车架后端至上装车厢后端的距离不得超过400 mm。当缩短车架后悬时，要保留后横梁或直接利用后横梁附近之前的横梁，同时注意不能损坏板簧后吊耳的连接。当加长车架后悬时，后横梁至前一横梁的距离不应大于1 200mm～1 400 mm，必要时在延长的空间内纵向增加辅助横梁。不论缩短还是加长车架后悬，改制后的后横梁在车架大梁前大约50mm左右(见图1)。后悬加长设计时，为了保证车架的强度，要采用与原车架纵横梁同型号、规格的材料，材料的性能、质量应符合相应标准的规定，一般车架都选用16MnL专用材料。2后悬改装操作注意事项后悬改装时要移动后横梁或增加辅助横梁，横梁与纵梁上下翼联接最好采用铆接方式。铆接具有工艺简单、抗震、耐冲击和牢固可靠等优点。如果采用螺栓联接，要注意螺栓应采用强度等级不低于8级的螺栓，螺母应采用自锁螺母，整体上要保证强度和防松要求。纵梁加长一般采用焊接方式，为了确保车架加长不出现质量问题，一般企业都制定了《车辆改装车架接长专用工艺规程》，其中规定了焊接人员、设备、材料、操作方法等，每批产品改装前都要做焊缝强度试验，试验合格后，才允许按照工艺要求进行施工。试样材料与被接长的纵梁一致，一般都是16MnL，按照下图制作两件(见图2)。两件对接立焊，采用J507或J502焊条，分两次焊完，底层采用!(2 mm焊条，顶层采用(!4 mm焊条，电流I=110～170A。焊缝要求如下(图3)。

汽车ABS技术的发展趋势研究 在汽车防抱死制动系统出现之前，汽车所用的都是开环制动系统。其特点是制动器制动力矩的大小仅与驾驶员的操纵力、制动力的分配调节以及制动器的尺寸和型式有关。由于没有车轮运动状态的反馈信号，无法测知制动过程中车轮的速度和抱死情况，汽车就不可能据此调节轮缸或气室制动压力的大小。因此在紧急制动时，不可避免地出现车轮在地面上抱死拖滑的现象。当车轮抱死时，地面的侧向附着性能很差，所能提供的侧向附着力很小，汽车在受到任何微小外力的作用下就会出现方向失稳问题，极易发生交通事故。在潮湿路面或冰雪路面上制动时，这种方向失稳的现象会更加严重。汽车防抱死制动系统（Anti-lock Braking System简称ABS）的出现从根本上解决了汽车在制动过程中的车轮抱死问题。它的基本功能就是通过传感器感知车轮每一瞬时的运动状态，并根据其运动状态相应地调节制动器制动力矩的大小以避免出现车轮的抱死现象，因而是一个闭环制动系统。 它是电子控制技术在汽车上最有成就的应用项目之一，汽车制动防抱死系统可使汽车在制动时维持方向稳定性和缩短制动距离，有效提高行车的安全性。 一、ABS的工作原理 汽车制动时由于车轮速度与汽车速度之间存在着差异，因而会导致车轮与路面之间产生滑移，当车轮以纯滚动方式与路面接触时，其滑移率为零；当车轮抱死时其滑移率为100％。当滑移率在8％～35％之间时，能传递最大的制动力。制动防抱死的基本原理就是依据上述的研究成果，通过控制调节制动力，使制动过程中车轮滑移率控制在合适的范围内，以取得最佳的制动效果。ABS系统硬件构成主要由传感器（包括轮速传感器、减速度传感器和车速传感器）、电子控制装置、制动压力调节器三大部分组成，形成一个以滑移率为目标的自动控制系统。传感器测量车轮转速并将这一数据传送至电子控制装置上，控制装置是一个微处理器，它根据车轮转速传感器信号来计算车速。在制动过程中，车轮转速可与控制装置中预先编制的理想减速度的特性曲线相比较。如果控制装置判断出车轮减速度太快和车轮即将抱死时，它就发出信号给液压调节器，液压调节器可根据来自控制装置的信号对制动器的卡钳或轮泵的油压进行控制（作用、保持、释放、重新作用）。这一动作，每秒钟能出现10次以上。 二、ABS技术的发展及应用现状 基于制动防抱理论的制动系统首先是应用于火车和飞机上。1936年，德国博世公司（BOSCH）申请一项电液控制的ABS装置专利，促进了ABS技术在汽车上的应用。汽车上开始使用ABS始于1950年代中期福特汽车公司，1954年福特汽车公司在林肯车上装用法国航空公司的ABS装置，这种ABS装置控制部分采用机械式，结构复杂，功能相对单一，只有在特定车辆和工况下防抱死才有效，因此制动效果并不理想。机械结构复杂使ABS装置的可靠性差、控制精度低、价格偏高。ABS技术在汽车上的推广应用举步艰难。直到70年代后期，由于电子技术迅猛发展，为ABS技术在汽车上应用提供了可靠的技术支持。ABS控制部分采用了电子控制，其反应速度、控制精度和可靠性都显著提高，制动效果也明显改善，同时其体积逐步变小，质量逐步减轻，控制与诊断功能不断增强，价格也逐渐降低。这段时期许多家公司都相继研制了形式多样的ABS装置。 进入90年代后，ABS技术不断发展成熟，控制精度、控制功能不断完善。现在发达国家已广泛采用ABS技术，ABS装置已成为汽车的必要装备。北美和西欧的各类客车和轻型货车ABS的装备率已达90％以上，轿车ABS的装备率在60％左右，运送危险品的货车ABS的装备率为100％。ABS装置制造商主要有：德国博世公司（BOSCH），欧、美、日、韩国车采用最多；美国德科公司（DELCO），美国通用及韩国大宇汽车采用；美国本迪克斯公司（BENDIX），美国克莱斯勒汽车采用；还有德国戴维斯公司（TEVES）、德国瓦布科（WABCO）、美国凯尔西海斯公（KELSEYHAYES）等，这些公司的ABS产品都在广泛地应用，而且还在不断发展、更新和换代。 近年来，ABS技术在我国也正在推广和应用，1999年我国制定的国家强制性标准GB12676-1999《汽车制动系统结构、性能和试验方法》中已把装用ABS作为强制性法规。此后一汽大众、二汽富康、上海大众、重庆长安、上海通用等均开始采用ABS技术，但这些ABS装置我国均没有自主的知识产权。 国内研究ABS主要有东风汽车公司、交通部重庆公路研究所、济南捷特汽车电子研究所、清华大学、西安交通大学、吉林大学、华南理工大学、合肥工业大学等单位，虽然起步较晚，也取得了一些成果。在气压ABS方面，国内企业包括东风电子科技股份有限公司、重庆聚能、广东科密等都已形成了一定的生产规模。液压ABS由于技术难度大，国外技术封锁严密，国内企业暂时不能独立生产，但在液压ABS方面也在做自主研发，力图突破国外跨国公司的技术壁垒，已经取得了一些新的进展和突破。如清华大学和浙江亚太等承担的汽车液压防抱死制动系统（ABS）“九五”国家科技攻关课题，在ABS控制理论与方法、电子控制单元、液压控制单元、开发装置和匹配方法等关键技术方面均取得了重大成果。采用的耗散功率理论，避免了传统的逻辑门限值研究方法的局限性，取得了理论上的突破，研发ABS成功且进入产业化、批量生产阶段。其试样在南京IVECO轻型客车上匹配使用全面达到了国家标准GB12676-1999和欧洲法规EECR13的要求。这对振兴我国汽车工业与汽车零部件业具有划时代意义，标志着我国汽车液压ABS国产化已迈出坚实的一步。同时合肥工业大学也研制出国内具有自主知识产权的液压制动电子防抱系统，率先在HF6700轻型汽车上匹配使用获得成功。国内液压ABS技术含量与国外虽有一定的差距，但在政府的大力支持和国内丰富的人力资源配合下，相信国内可以在较短的时间内在ABS技术某些领域赶超国际水平