环境与可持续发展课程论文范文大全初中英语
环境与可持续发展课程论文范文大全初中英语
在人类以往的历史中,由于人口的稀少以及人们所掌握的控制与破坏自然的力量非常有限,因而他们对自然的开发离自然的承载极限还非常遥远。相对于稀少的人口及有限的开发力量而言,自然的财富可以说是无穷无尽的。人们无须担心自己的行为会毁灭后代的生存家园;即使一个地方的局部生态环境被破坏了,人们还可迁徙到别的地方去生存。加之人们的知识非常有限,无法准确地预见其行为的遥远后果,所以,对遥远的后代的伦理关怀基本上没有进入古人的思维视野。然而,工业革命以来的历史完全改变了人类的代际图景。到了20世纪后半叶,一方面,由于人口的爆增,人均资源消耗量与废物排放量的剧增,人类对地球的开发正在接近地球的承载极限;另一方面,由于知识的增加,我们已经能够准确地预见我们的行为对于后代的生存环境的影响,因而,如何在当代人与后代人之间公平地分配地球上的有限资源的问题,便跃入了当代人的思维视野。
中国的环境保护问题(英汉对照) 一、实施可持续发展战略的选择 中国现代化建设是在人口基数大,人均资源少,经济发展和科学技术水平都比较落后的条件下进行的。70年代以来,随着中国人口的增长、经济的发展和人民消费水平的不断提高,使本来就已经短缺的资源和脆弱的环境面临着越来越大的压力。选择一条什么样的发展道路,历史地成为与当代中国人民及其子孙后代生存息息相关的重大问题。 China's modernization drive has been launched in the following conditions: The country has a large population base, its per-capita average of natural resources is low, and its economic development as well as scientific and technological level remain quite Along with the growth of China's population, the development of the economy and the continuous improvement of the people's consumption level since the 1970s, the pressure on resources, which were already in rather short supply, and on the fragile environment has become greater and Which road of development to choose has turned out, historically, to be an issue of paramount importance to the survival of the Chinese people as well as their 中国政府十分重视因人口增长和经济发展而出现的环境问题,把保护环境作为提高人民生活水平和生活质量的一个重要方面。为了促进经济、社会与环境的协调发展,中国在80年代制定并实施了一系列保护环境的方针、政策、法律和措施。The Chinese government has paid great attention to the environmental issues arising from the country's population growth and economic development, and has made protecting the environment an important aspect of the improvement of the people's living standards and quality of In order to promote coordinated development between the economy, the society and the environment, China enacted and implemented a series of principles, policies, laws and measures for environmental protection in the ——确立环境保护为中国的一项基本国策。防治环境污染和生态破坏以及合理开发利用自然资源关系到国家的全局利益和长远发展,中国政府坚定不移地贯彻执行环境保护这项基本国策。-- Making environmental protection one of China's basic national The prevention and control of environmental pollution and ecological destruction and the rational exploitation and utilization of natural resources are of vital importance to the country's overall interests and long-term The Chinese government is unswervingly carrying out the basic national policy of environmental ——制定经济建设、城乡建设和环境建设同步规划、同步实施、同步发展,实现经济效益、社会效益、环境效益相统一的指导方针,实行“预防为主,防治结合”、“谁污染,谁治理”和“强化环境管理”三大政策。-- Formulating the guiding principles of simultaneous planning, simultaneous implementation and simultaneous development for economic construction, urban and rural construction and environmental construction, and combining the economic returns with social effects and environmental benefits; and carrying out the three major policies of ``prevention first and combining prevention with control,'' ``making the causer of pollution responsible for treating it'' and ``intensifying environmental '' ——颁布实施环境保护的法律法规,把环境保护建立在法制的基础上,不断完善环境法律体系,严格执法程序,加大执法力度,保证环境法律法规的有效实施。-- Promulgating and putting into effect laws and regulations regarding environmental protection and placing environmental protection on a legal footing, continuously improving the statutes concerning the environment, formulating strict law-enforcement procedures and increasing the intensity of law enforcement so as to ensure the effective implementation of the environmental laws and ——坚持环境保护纳入国民经济和社会发展计划,实施国家指导下的宏观调控与管理,逐步增加对环境保护的投入,使环境保护与各项建设事业统筹兼顾,协调发展。-- Persisting in incorporating environmental protection into the plans for national economic and social development, introducing to it macro regulation and management under state guidance, and gradually increasing environmental protection input so as to give simultaneous consideration to environmental protection and other undertakings and ensure their coordinated ——建立健全各级政府的环境保护机构,形成比较完善的环境管理体制,充分发挥环境监督管理的作用。-- Establishing and improving environmental protection organizations under governments at all levels, forming a rather complete environmental control system, and bringing into full play the governments' role in environmental supervision and ——加速环境科学技术的进步。加强基础理论研究,组织科技攻关,开发和推广防治环境污染的实用技术,扶植环境保护产业的发展,初步形成了环境保护科研体系。-- Accelerating progress in environmental science and Strengthening research into basic theories, organizing the tackling of key scientific and technological problems, developing and popularizing prac"itical technology for environmental pollution prevention and control, fostering the growth of environmental protection industries, and giving initial shape to an environmental protection scientific research ——开展环境宣传教育,提高全民族的环境意识。广泛进行环境宣传,逐步普及中小学环境教育,发展环境保护在职教育和专业教育,培养环境科学技术和管理方面的专门人才。-- Carrying out environmental publicity and education to enhance the whole nation's awareness of the Widely conducting environmental publicity work, gradually popularizing environmental education in secondary and primary schools, developing on-the-job education in environ"imen tal protection and vocational education, and training specialized personnel in environmental science and technology as well as environmental ——推进环境保护领域的国际合作。积极发展同世界各国和国际组织在环境与发展方面的交流与合作,认真履行国际环境公约,努力发挥中国在国际环境事务中的作用。-- Promoting international cooperation in the field of environmental Actively expanding exchanges and cooperation concerning the environment and development with other countries and international organizations, earnestly implementing international environmental conventions, and seeking scope for China's role in global environmental 进入90年代,国际社会与世界各国在探索解决环境与发展问题的道路上迈出了重要一步。1992年6月,联合国环境与发展大会把可持续发展作为未来共同的发展战略,得到了与会各国政府的普遍赞同。Since the beginning of the 1990s the international community and various countries have made an important step forward in exploring solutions to problems of the environment and The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, held in June 1992, made sustainable development the strategy for common development in the future, and this won wide acclaim from the governments of all countries represented at the 1992年8月,联合国环境与发展大会之后,中国政府提出了中国环境与发展应采取的十大对策,明确指出走可持续发展道路是当代中国以及未来的必然选择。In August 1992, shortly after that conference, the Chinese government put forward ten major measures China was to adopt to enhance its environment and development, clearly pointing out that the road of sustainable development was a logical choice for China now and in the 1994年3月,中国政府批准发布了《中国21世纪议程 ——�中国21世纪人口、环境与发展白皮书》,从人口、环境与发展的具体国情出发,提出了中国可持续发展的总体战略、对策以及行动方案。有关部门和地方也分别制定了实施可持续发展战略的行动计划。In March 1994 the Chinese government approved and promulgated China's Agenda 21 -- White Paper on China's Population, Environment, and Development in the 21st C This document, proceeding from the country's specific national conditions in these three respects, put forward China's overall strategy, measures and program of action for sustainable The various departments and localities also worked out their respective plans of action to implement the strategy for sustainable 1996年3月,第八届全国人民代表大会第四次会议审议通过的《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展“九五”计划和2010年远景目标纲要》,把实施可持续发展作为现代化建设的一项重大战略,使可持续发展战略在中国经济建设和社会发展过程中得以实施。 At its Fourth Session in March 1996 China's Eighth National People's Congress examined and adopted the Ninth Five-Year Plan of the People's Republic of China for National Economic and Social Development and the Outline of the Long-Term Target for the Year Both the Plan and Outline take sustainable development as an important strategy for modernization, thus making it possible for the implementation of the strategy of sustainable development in the course of China's economic construction and social
中国的环境保护问题(英汉对照)中国政府十分重视因人口增长和经济发展而出现的环境问题,把保护环境作为提高人民生活水平和生活质量的一个重要方面。为了促进经济、社会与环境的协调发展,中国在80年代制定并实施了一系列保护环境的方针、政策、法律和措施。The Chinese government has paid great attention to the environmental issues arising from the country's population growth and economic development, and has made protecting the environment an important aspect of the improvement of the people's living standards and quality of In order to promote coordinated development between the economy, the society and the environment, China enacted and implemented a series of principles, policies, laws and measures for environmental protection in the ——确立环境保护为中国的一项基本国策。防治环境污染和生态破坏以及合理开发利用自然资源关系到国家的全局利益和长远发展,中国政府坚定不移地贯彻执行环境保护这项基本国策。-- Making environmental protection one of China's basic national The prevention and control of environmental pollution and ecological destruction and the rational exploitation and utilization of natural resources are of vital importance to the country's overall interests and long-term The Chinese government is unswervingly carrying out the basic national policy of environmental ——制定经济建设、城乡建设和环境建设同步规划、同步实施、同步发展,实现经济效益、社会效益、环境效益相统一的指导方针,实行“预防为主,防治结合”、“谁污染,谁治理”和“强化环境管理”三大政策。-- Formulating the guiding principles of simultaneous planning, simultaneous implementation and simultaneous development for economic construction, urban and rural construction and environmental construction, and combining the economic returns with social effects and environmental benefits; and carrying out the three major policies of ``prevention first and combining prevention with control,'' ``making the causer of pollution responsible for treating it'' and ``intensifying environmental '' ——颁布实施环境保护的法律法规,把环境保护建立在法制的基础上,不断完善环境法律体系,严格执法程序,加大执法力度,保证环境法律法规的有效实施。-- Promulgating and putting into effect laws and regulations regarding environmental protection and placing environmental protection on a legal footing, continuously improving the statutes concerning the environment, formulating strict law-enforcement procedures and increasing the intensity of law enforcement so as to ensure the effective implementation of the environmental laws and ——坚持环境保护纳入国民经济和社会发展计划,实施国家指导下的宏观调控与管理,逐步增加对环境保护的投入,使环境保护与各项建设事业统筹兼顾,协调发展。-- Persisting in incorporating environmental protection into the plans for national economic and social development, introducing to it macro regulation and management under state guidance, and gradually increasing environmental protection input so as to give simultaneous consideration to environmental protection and other undertakings and ensure their coordinated ——建立健全各级政府的环境保护机构,形成比较完善的环境管理体制,充分发挥环境监督管理的作用。-- Establishing and improving environmental protection organizations under governments at all levels, forming a rather complete environmental control system, and bringing into full play the governments' role in environmental supervision and ——加速环境科学技术的进步。加强基础理论研究,组织科技攻关,开发和推广防治环境污染的实用技术,扶植环境保护产业的发展,初步形成了环境保护科研体系。-- Accelerating progress in environmental science and Strengthening research into basic theories, organizing the tackling of key scientific and technological problems, developing and popularizing prac"itical technology for environmental pollution prevention and control, fostering the growth of environmental protection industries, and giving initial shape to an environmental protection scientific research ——开展环境宣传教育,提高全民族的环境意识。广泛进行环境宣传,逐步普及中小学环境教育,发展环境保护在职教育和专业教育,培养环境科学技术和管理方面的专门人才。-- Carrying out environmental publicity and education to enhance the whole nation's awareness of the Widely conducting environmental publicity work, gradually popularizing environmental education in secondary and primary schools, developing on-the-job education in environ"imen tal protection and vocational education, and training specialized personnel in environmental science and technology as well as environmental ——推进环境保护领域的国际合作。积极发展同世界各国和国际组织在环境与发展方面的交流与合作,认真履行国际环境公约,努力发挥中国在国际环境事务中的作用。-- Promoting international cooperation in the field of environmental Actively expanding exchanges and cooperation concerning the environment and development with other countries and international organizations, earnestly implementing international environmental conventions, and seeking scope for China's role in global environmental 进入90年代,国际社会与世界各国在探索解决环境与发展问题的道路上迈出了重要一步。1992年6月,联合国环境与发展大会把可持续发展作为未来共同的发展战略,得到了与会各国政府的普遍赞同。Since the beginning of the 1990s the international community and various countries have made an important step forward in exploring solutions to problems of the environment and The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, held in June 1992, made sustainable development the strategy for common development in the future, and this won wide acclaim from the governments of all countries represented at the 1992年8月,联合国环境与发展大会之后,中国政府提出了中国环境与发展应采取的十大对策,明确指出走可持续发展道路是当代中国以及未来的必然选择。In August 1992, shortly after that conference, the Chinese government put forward ten major measures China was to adopt to enhance its environment and development, clearly pointing out that the road of sustainable development was a logical choice for China now and in the 1994年3月,中国政府批准发布了《中国21世纪议程 ——�中国21世纪人口、环境与发展白皮书》,从人口、环境与发展的具体国情出发,提出了中国可持续发展的总体战略、对策以及行动方案。有关部门和地方也分别制定了实施可持续发展战略的行动计划。In March 1994 the Chinese government approved and promulgated China's Agenda 21 -- White Paper on China's Population, Environment, and Development in the 21st C This document, proceeding from the country's specific national conditions in these three respects, put forward China's overall strategy, measures and program of action for sustainable The various departments and localities also worked out their respective plans of action to implement the strategy for sustainable 1996年3月,第八届全国人民代表大会第四次会议审议通过的《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展“九五”计划和2010年远景目标纲要》,把实施可持续发展作为现代化建设的一项重大战略,使可持续发展战略在中国经济建设和社会发展过程中得以实施。 At its Fourth Session in March 1996 China's Eighth National People's Congress examined and adopted the Ninth Five-Year Plan of the People's Republic of China for National Economic and Social Development and the Outline of the Long-Term Target for the Year Both the Plan and Outline take sustainable development as an important strategy for modernization, thus making it possible for the implementation of the strategy of sustainable development in the course of China's economic construction and social 二、逐步完善的法律体系与管理体制 中国重视环境法制建设,目前已经形成了以《中华人民共和国宪法》为基础,以《中华人民共和国环境保护法》为主体的环境法律体系。 《中华人民共和国宪法》规定:“国家保护和改善生活环境和生态环境,防治污染和其他公害。”“国家保障自然资源的合理利用,保护珍贵的动物和植物。禁止任何组织或者个人用任何手段侵占或者破坏自然资源。” 《中华人民共和国环境保护法》是中国环境保护的基本法。该法确立了经济建设、社会发展与环境保护协调发展的基本方针,规定了各级政府、一切单位和个人保护环境的权利和义务。 中国针对特定的环境保护对象制定颁布了多项环境保护专门法以及与环境保护相关的资源法,包括:《水污染防治法》、《大气污染防治法》、《固体废物污染环境防治法》、《海洋环境保护法》、《森林法》、《草原法》、《渔业法》、《矿产资源法》、《土地管理法》、《水法》、《野生动物保护法》、《水土保持法》、《农业法》等。 中国政府还制定了《噪声污染防治条例》、《自然保护区条例》、《放射性同位素与射线装置放射防护条例》、《化学危险品安全管理条例》、《淮河流域水污染防治暂行条例》、《海洋石油勘探开发环境保护管理条例》、《海洋倾废管理条例》、《陆生野生动物保护实施条例》、《风景名胜区管理暂行条例》、《基本农田保护条例》、《城市绿化条例》等30多件环境保护行政法规。此外,各有关部门还发布了大量的环境保护行政规章。 中国地方人民代表大会和地方人民政府为实施国家环境保护法律,结合本地区的具体情况,制定和颁布了600多项环境保护地方性法规。 环境标准是中国环境法律体系的一个重要组成部分,包括环境质量标准、污染物排放标准、环境基础标准、样品标准和方法标准。环境质量标准、污染物排放标准分为国家标准和地方标准。到1995年底,中国颁布了364项各类国家环境标准。中国法律规定,环境质量标准和污染物排放标准属于强制性标准,违反强制性环境标准,必须承担相应的法律责任。 在建立健全环境法律体系的过程中,中国把环境执法放在与环境立法同等重要的位置,连续4年开展了全国环境执法检查,对污染和破坏环境的行为进行严肃查处,对环境违法犯罪行为进行严厉打击。中国十分重视人民群众和新闻舆论对环境违法行为的监督,开辟了人民群众反映环境问题的渠道,加强了新闻媒介对环境违法行为的揭露和曝光。 应该指出的是,中国的环境法制建设还需要进一步完善,如某些方面存在着立法空白、有些法律的内容需要补充和修改、有法不依、执法不严的现象等。因此,继续加强环境法制建设仍是一项重要的战略任务。 中国同样重视环境管理体制建设,现在已经建立起由全国人民代表大会立法监督,各级政府负责实施,环境保护行政主管部门统一监督管理,各有关部门依照法律规定实施监督管理的体制。 全国人民代表大会设有环境与资源保护委员会,负责组织起草和审议环境与资源保护方面的法律草案并提出报告,监督环境与资源保护方面法律的执行,提出同环境与资源保护问题有关的议案,开展与各国议会之间在环境与资源保护领域的交往。一些省、市人民代表大会也相应设立了环境与资源保护机构。 国务院环境保护委员会由国务院有关部门的领导成员组成,是国务院环境保护工作的议事和协调机构。其主要任务是:研究和审议国家环境保护与经济协调发展的方针、政策和措施,指导并协调解决有关的重大环境问题,监督检查各地区、各部门贯彻执行环境保护法律法规的情况,推动和促进全国环境保护事业的发展。省、市、县人民政府也相应设立了环境保护委员会。 国家环境保护局是国务院环境保护行政主管部门,对全国环境保护工作实施统一监督管理。省、市、县人民政府也相继设立了环境保护行政主管部门,对本辖区的环境保护工作实施统一监督管理。目前,中国县级以上环境保护行政主管部门有2500多个,从事环境行政管理、监测、监理、统计、科学研究、宣传教育等的总人数达8万人。 中国各级政府的综合部门、资源管理部门和工业部门也设立了环境保护机构,负责相应的环境与资源保护工作。中国多数大中型企业也设有环境保护机构,负责本企业的污染防治以及推行清洁生产。目前,各部门和企业的各类环境保护人员已达20多万人。 China pays great attention to environmental legislative work and has now established an environmental statutory framework that takes the Constitution of the People's Republic of China as the foundation and the Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China as the main The Constitution of the People's Republic of China stipulates, ``The state protects and improves the living environment and the ecological environment, and prevents and remedies pollution and other public hazards,'' and ``The state ensures the rational use of natural resources and protects rare animals and The appropriation or damage of natural resources by any organization or individual by whatever means is prohib"'' The Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China is the cardinal law for environmental protection in C The law has established the basic principle for coordinated development between economic construction, social progress and environmental protection, and defined the rights and duties of governments at all levels, all units and individuals as regards environmental China has enacted and promulgated many special laws on environmental protection as well as laws on natural resources related to environmental They include the Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution, Law on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution, Law on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Wastes, Marine Environment Protection Law, Forestry Law, Grassland Law, Fisheries Law, Mineral Resources Law, Land Administration Law, Water Resources Law, Law on the Protection of Wild Animals, Law on Water and Soil Conservation, and Agriculture L The Chinese government has also enacted more than 30 administrative decrees regarding environmental protection, including the Regulations for the Prevention and Control of Noise Pollution, Regulations on Nature Reserves, Regulations on the Prevention of and Protection Against Radiation from Radio Isotopes and Radioactive Device, Regulations on the Safe Administration of Chemicals and Other Dangerous Materials, Provisional Regulations on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution in the Huaihe River Drainage Area, Regulations Governing Environmental Protection Administration in Offshore Oil Exploration and Development, Regulations on the Control of Marine Wastes Dumping, Regulations for the Implementation of the Protection of Terrestrial Wildlife, Pro"ivisional Regulations on the Administration of National Parks, Regulations on the Protection of Basic Farmland, and Regulations on Urban A In addition, departments concerned have also issued a number of administrative rules and decrees on environmental To implement the state's environmental protection laws and regulations, people's congresses and people's governments at local levels, proceeding from specific conditions in their own areas, have enacted and promulgated more than 600 local laws on environmental Environmental standards are an important component of China's environmental statutory They include environmental quality standards, pollutant discharge or emission standards, basic environmental criteria, criteria for samples, and criteria for The environmental quality standards and pollutant discharge or emission standards are divided into state standards and local By the end of 1995, China had promulgated state environmental standards on 364 As stipulated in Chinese law, the environmental quality standards and pollutant discharge standards are compulsory standards, and those who violate these compulsory environmental standards must bear the corresponding legal In the process of establishing and improving the environmental statutory framework, China attaches equal importance to environmental law enforcement and environmental For four years in a row, China has conducted nationwide checks on the enforcement of environmental legislation to seriously deal with acts of polluting and damaging the environment and severely punish environmental law China pays great attention to supervision exercised by the people and media over law-breaking activities regarding the environment -- it has opened channels for the masses of people to report on environmental problems and adopted measures for the media to expose environmental law-breaking But it should be pointed out that China's environmental legislative work needs to be further For instance, some areas still remain uncovered, some contents are yet to be amended or revised and there are still the phenomena of not fully observing or enforcing Therefore, to make continuous efforts to strengthen environmental legislative work remains an important strategic China attaches equal importance to the establishment of an environmental administrative It has established a system in which the National People's Congress enacts the laws, governments at different levels take responsibility for their enforcement, the administrative departments in charge of environmental protection exercise overall supervision and administration and the various departments concerned exercise supervision and administration according to the stipulations of the The National People's Congress has established an Environment and Resources Protection Committee, whose work it is to organize the formulation and examination of drafted laws related to environmental and resources protection and prepare the necessary reports, exercise supervision over the enforcement of laws governing environmental and resources protection, put forward motions related to the issue of environmental and resources protection, and conduct exchanges with parliaments in other countries in the field of environmental and resources The people's congresses of some provinces and cities have also established corresponding environmental and resources protection The Environmental Protection Committee under the State Council is made up of leaders of various related ministries under the State C It is the State Council's consultancy and coordination agency for environmental protection Its major tasks are studying and examining the principles, policies and measures relating to coordinative development of the country's economy and environmental protection, giving guidance to and coordinating efforts in tackling major environmental problems, exercising supervision over and conducting checks on the implementation of the environmental protection laws and regulations by various localities and departments, and promoting the development of environmental protection undertakings throughout the The people's governments at the provincial, city and county levels have also established corresponding environmental protection The National Environmental Protection Agency is the competent environmental protection administration agency under the State Council, whose task it is to exercise overall supervision and administration over the country's environ"imen tal protection The people's governments at the provincial, city and county levels have also successively established environmental protection administration departments to carry out overall supervision and administration of the environ"imen tal protection work in their At present, there are nationwide more than 2,500 environmental protection administration departments above the county level with a total staff of 88,000 engaged in environmental administration, monitoring, inspection and control, statistics collection, scientific research, pub"ilicity and Environmental protection organizations have also been established in comprehensive administration departments, resources administration departments and industrial departments under governments at various levels to take charge of related environmental and resources protection Most of China's large and medium-sized enterprises have also set up environmental protection organizations responsible for their own anti-pollution work and the promotion of cleaner At present, the total number of various types of environmental protection workers employed by the various departments and enterprises exceeds 200,
环境与可持续发展课程论文题目大全初中英语
中国的环境保护问题(英汉对照) 一、实施可持续发展战略的选择 中国现代化建设是在人口基数大,人均资源少,经济发展和科学技术水平都比较落后的条件下进行的。70年代以来,随着中国人口的增长、经济的发展和人民消费水平的不断提高,使本来就已经短缺的资源和脆弱的环境面临着越来越大的压力。选择一条什么样的发展道路,历史地成为与当代中国人民及其子孙后代生存息息相关的重大问题。 China's modernization drive has been launched in the following conditions: The country has a large population base, its per-capita average of natural resources is low, and its economic development as well as scientific and technological level remain quite Along with the growth of China's population, the development of the economy and the continuous improvement of the people's consumption level since the 1970s, the pressure on resources, which were already in rather short supply, and on the fragile environment has become greater and Which road of development to choose has turned out, historically, to be an issue of paramount importance to the survival of the Chinese people as well as their 中国政府十分重视因人口增长和经济发展而出现的环境问题,把保护环境作为提高人民生活水平和生活质量的一个重要方面。为了促进经济、社会与环境的协调发展,中国在80年代制定并实施了一系列保护环境的方针、政策、法律和措施。The Chinese government has paid great attention to the environmental issues arising from the country's population growth and economic development, and has made protecting the environment an important aspect of the improvement of the people's living standards and quality of In order to promote coordinated development between the economy, the society and the environment, China enacted and implemented a series of principles, policies, laws and measures for environmental protection in the ——确立环境保护为中国的一项基本国策。防治环境污染和生态破坏以及合理开发利用自然资源关系到国家的全局利益和长远发展,中国政府坚定不移地贯彻执行环境保护这项基本国策。-- Making environmental protection one of China's basic national The prevention and control of environmental pollution and ecological destruction and the rational exploitation and utilization of natural resources are of vital importance to the country's overall interests and long-term The Chinese government is unswervingly carrying out the basic national policy of environmental ——制定经济建设、城乡建设和环境建设同步规划、同步实施、同步发展,实现经济效益、社会效益、环境效益相统一的指导方针,实行“预防为主,防治结合”、“谁污染,谁治理”和“强化环境管理”三大政策。-- Formulating the guiding principles of simultaneous planning, simultaneous implementation and simultaneous development for economic construction, urban and rural construction and environmental construction, and combining the economic returns with social effects and environmental benefits; and carrying out the three major policies of ``prevention first and combining prevention with control,'' ``making the causer of pollution responsible for treating it'' and ``intensifying environmental '' ——颁布实施环境保护的法律法规,把环境保护建立在法制的基础上,不断完善环境法律体系,严格执法程序,加大执法力度,保证环境法律法规的有效实施。-- Promulgating and putting into effect laws and regulations regarding environmental protection and placing environmental protection on a legal footing, continuously improving the statutes concerning the environment, formulating strict law-enforcement procedures and increasing the intensity of law enforcement so as to ensure the effective implementation of the environmental laws and ——坚持环境保护纳入国民经济和社会发展计划,实施国家指导下的宏观调控与管理,逐步增加对环境保护的投入,使环境保护与各项建设事业统筹兼顾,协调发展。-- Persisting in incorporating environmental protection into the plans for national economic and social development, introducing to it macro regulation and management under state guidance, and gradually increasing environmental protection input so as to give simultaneous consideration to environmental protection and other undertakings and ensure their coordinated ——建立健全各级政府的环境保护机构,形成比较完善的环境管理体制,充分发挥环境监督管理的作用。-- Establishing and improving environmental protection organizations under governments at all levels, forming a rather complete environmental control system, and bringing into full play the governments' role in environmental supervision and ——加速环境科学技术的进步。加强基础理论研究,组织科技攻关,开发和推广防治环境污染的实用技术,扶植环境保护产业的发展,初步形成了环境保护科研体系。-- Accelerating progress in environmental science and Strengthening research into basic theories, organizing the tackling of key scientific and technological problems, developing and popularizing prac"itical technology for environmental pollution prevention and control, fostering the growth of environmental protection industries, and giving initial shape to an environmental protection scientific research ——开展环境宣传教育,提高全民族的环境意识。广泛进行环境宣传,逐步普及中小学环境教育,发展环境保护在职教育和专业教育,培养环境科学技术和管理方面的专门人才。-- Carrying out environmental publicity and education to enhance the whole nation's awareness of the Widely conducting environmental publicity work, gradually popularizing environmental education in secondary and primary schools, developing on-the-job education in environ"imen tal protection and vocational education, and training specialized personnel in environmental science and technology as well as environmental ——推进环境保护领域的国际合作。积极发展同世界各国和国际组织在环境与发展方面的交流与合作,认真履行国际环境公约,努力发挥中国在国际环境事务中的作用。-- Promoting international cooperation in the field of environmental Actively expanding exchanges and cooperation concerning the environment and development with other countries and international organizations, earnestly implementing international environmental conventions, and seeking scope for China's role in global environmental 进入90年代,国际社会与世界各国在探索解决环境与发展问题的道路上迈出了重要一步。1992年6月,联合国环境与发展大会把可持续发展作为未来共同的发展战略,得到了与会各国政府的普遍赞同。Since the beginning of the 1990s the international community and various countries have made an important step forward in exploring solutions to problems of the environment and The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, held in June 1992, made sustainable development the strategy for common development in the future, and this won wide acclaim from the governments of all countries represented at the 1992年8月,联合国环境与发展大会之后,中国政府提出了中国环境与发展应采取的十大对策,明确指出走可持续发展道路是当代中国以及未来的必然选择。In August 1992, shortly after that conference, the Chinese government put forward ten major measures China was to adopt to enhance its environment and development, clearly pointing out that the road of sustainable development was a logical choice for China now and in the 1994年3月,中国政府批准发布了《中国21世纪议程 ——�中国21世纪人口、环境与发展白皮书》,从人口、环境与发展的具体国情出发,提出了中国可持续发展的总体战略、对策以及行动方案。有关部门和地方也分别制定了实施可持续发展战略的行动计划。In March 1994 the Chinese government approved and promulgated China's Agenda 21 -- White Paper on China's Population, Environment, and Development in the 21st C This document, proceeding from the country's specific national conditions in these three respects, put forward China's overall strategy, measures and program of action for sustainable The various departments and localities also worked out their respective plans of action to implement the strategy for sustainable 1996年3月,第八届全国人民代表大会第四次会议审议通过的《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展“九五”计划和2010年远景目标纲要》,把实施可持续发展作为现代化建设的一项重大战略,使可持续发展战略在中国经济建设和社会发展过程中得以实施。 At its Fourth Session in March 1996 China's Eighth National People's Congress examined and adopted the Ninth Five-Year Plan of the People's Republic of China for National Economic and Social Development and the Outline of the Long-Term Target for the Year Both the Plan and Outline take sustainable development as an important strategy for modernization, thus making it possible for the implementation of the strategy of sustainable development in the course of China's economic construction and social
中国的环境保护问题(英汉对照)中国政府十分重视因人口增长和经济发展而出现的环境问题,把保护环境作为提高人民生活水平和生活质量的一个重要方面。为了促进经济、社会与环境的协调发展,中国在80年代制定并实施了一系列保护环境的方针、政策、法律和措施。The Chinese government has paid great attention to the environmental issues arising from the country's population growth and economic development, and has made protecting the environment an important aspect of the improvement of the people's living standards and quality of In order to promote coordinated development between the economy, the society and the environment, China enacted and implemented a series of principles, policies, laws and measures for environmental protection in the ——确立环境保护为中国的一项基本国策。防治环境污染和生态破坏以及合理开发利用自然资源关系到国家的全局利益和长远发展,中国政府坚定不移地贯彻执行环境保护这项基本国策。-- Making environmental protection one of China's basic national The prevention and control of environmental pollution and ecological destruction and the rational exploitation and utilization of natural resources are of vital importance to the country's overall interests and long-term The Chinese government is unswervingly carrying out the basic national policy of environmental ——制定经济建设、城乡建设和环境建设同步规划、同步实施、同步发展,实现经济效益、社会效益、环境效益相统一的指导方针,实行“预防为主,防治结合”、“谁污染,谁治理”和“强化环境管理”三大政策。-- Formulating the guiding principles of simultaneous planning, simultaneous implementation and simultaneous development for economic construction, urban and rural construction and environmental construction, and combining the economic returns with social effects and environmental benefits; and carrying out the three major policies of ``prevention first and combining prevention with control,'' ``making the causer of pollution responsible for treating it'' and ``intensifying environmental '' ——颁布实施环境保护的法律法规,把环境保护建立在法制的基础上,不断完善环境法律体系,严格执法程序,加大执法力度,保证环境法律法规的有效实施。-- Promulgating and putting into effect laws and regulations regarding environmental protection and placing environmental protection on a legal footing, continuously improving the statutes concerning the environment, formulating strict law-enforcement procedures and increasing the intensity of law enforcement so as to ensure the effective implementation of the environmental laws and ——坚持环境保护纳入国民经济和社会发展计划,实施国家指导下的宏观调控与管理,逐步增加对环境保护的投入,使环境保护与各项建设事业统筹兼顾,协调发展。-- Persisting in incorporating environmental protection into the plans for national economic and social development, introducing to it macro regulation and management under state guidance, and gradually increasing environmental protection input so as to give simultaneous consideration to environmental protection and other undertakings and ensure their coordinated ——建立健全各级政府的环境保护机构,形成比较完善的环境管理体制,充分发挥环境监督管理的作用。-- Establishing and improving environmental protection organizations under governments at all levels, forming a rather complete environmental control system, and bringing into full play the governments' role in environmental supervision and ——加速环境科学技术的进步。加强基础理论研究,组织科技攻关,开发和推广防治环境污染的实用技术,扶植环境保护产业的发展,初步形成了环境保护科研体系。-- Accelerating progress in environmental science and Strengthening research into basic theories, organizing the tackling of key scientific and technological problems, developing and popularizing prac"itical technology for environmental pollution prevention and control, fostering the growth of environmental protection industries, and giving initial shape to an environmental protection scientific research ——开展环境宣传教育,提高全民族的环境意识。广泛进行环境宣传,逐步普及中小学环境教育,发展环境保护在职教育和专业教育,培养环境科学技术和管理方面的专门人才。-- Carrying out environmental publicity and education to enhance the whole nation's awareness of the Widely conducting environmental publicity work, gradually popularizing environmental education in secondary and primary schools, developing on-the-job education in environ"imen tal protection and vocational education, and training specialized personnel in environmental science and technology as well as environmental ——推进环境保护领域的国际合作。积极发展同世界各国和国际组织在环境与发展方面的交流与合作,认真履行国际环境公约,努力发挥中国在国际环境事务中的作用。-- Promoting international cooperation in the field of environmental Actively expanding exchanges and cooperation concerning the environment and development with other countries and international organizations, earnestly implementing international environmental conventions, and seeking scope for China's role in global environmental 进入90年代,国际社会与世界各国在探索解决环境与发展问题的道路上迈出了重要一步。1992年6月,联合国环境与发展大会把可持续发展作为未来共同的发展战略,得到了与会各国政府的普遍赞同。Since the beginning of the 1990s the international community and various countries have made an important step forward in exploring solutions to problems of the environment and The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, held in June 1992, made sustainable development the strategy for common development in the future, and this won wide acclaim from the governments of all countries represented at the 1992年8月,联合国环境与发展大会之后,中国政府提出了中国环境与发展应采取的十大对策,明确指出走可持续发展道路是当代中国以及未来的必然选择。In August 1992, shortly after that conference, the Chinese government put forward ten major measures China was to adopt to enhance its environment and development, clearly pointing out that the road of sustainable development was a logical choice for China now and in the 1994年3月,中国政府批准发布了《中国21世纪议程 ——�中国21世纪人口、环境与发展白皮书》,从人口、环境与发展的具体国情出发,提出了中国可持续发展的总体战略、对策以及行动方案。有关部门和地方也分别制定了实施可持续发展战略的行动计划。In March 1994 the Chinese government approved and promulgated China's Agenda 21 -- White Paper on China's Population, Environment, and Development in the 21st C This document, proceeding from the country's specific national conditions in these three respects, put forward China's overall strategy, measures and program of action for sustainable The various departments and localities also worked out their respective plans of action to implement the strategy for sustainable 1996年3月,第八届全国人民代表大会第四次会议审议通过的《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展“九五”计划和2010年远景目标纲要》,把实施可持续发展作为现代化建设的一项重大战略,使可持续发展战略在中国经济建设和社会发展过程中得以实施。 At its Fourth Session in March 1996 China's Eighth National People's Congress examined and adopted the Ninth Five-Year Plan of the People's Republic of China for National Economic and Social Development and the Outline of the Long-Term Target for the Year Both the Plan and Outline take sustainable development as an important strategy for modernization, thus making it possible for the implementation of the strategy of sustainable development in the course of China's economic construction and social 二、逐步完善的法律体系与管理体制 中国重视环境法制建设,目前已经形成了以《中华人民共和国宪法》为基础,以《中华人民共和国环境保护法》为主体的环境法律体系。 《中华人民共和国宪法》规定:“国家保护和改善生活环境和生态环境,防治污染和其他公害。”“国家保障自然资源的合理利用,保护珍贵的动物和植物。禁止任何组织或者个人用任何手段侵占或者破坏自然资源。” 《中华人民共和国环境保护法》是中国环境保护的基本法。该法确立了经济建设、社会发展与环境保护协调发展的基本方针,规定了各级政府、一切单位和个人保护环境的权利和义务。 中国针对特定的环境保护对象制定颁布了多项环境保护专门法以及与环境保护相关的资源法,包括:《水污染防治法》、《大气污染防治法》、《固体废物污染环境防治法》、《海洋环境保护法》、《森林法》、《草原法》、《渔业法》、《矿产资源法》、《土地管理法》、《水法》、《野生动物保护法》、《水土保持法》、《农业法》等。 中国政府还制定了《噪声污染防治条例》、《自然保护区条例》、《放射性同位素与射线装置放射防护条例》、《化学危险品安全管理条例》、《淮河流域水污染防治暂行条例》、《海洋石油勘探开发环境保护管理条例》、《海洋倾废管理条例》、《陆生野生动物保护实施条例》、《风景名胜区管理暂行条例》、《基本农田保护条例》、《城市绿化条例》等30多件环境保护行政法规。此外,各有关部门还发布了大量的环境保护行政规章。 中国地方人民代表大会和地方人民政府为实施国家环境保护法律,结合本地区的具体情况,制定和颁布了600多项环境保护地方性法规。 环境标准是中国环境法律体系的一个重要组成部分,包括环境质量标准、污染物排放标准、环境基础标准、样品标准和方法标准。环境质量标准、污染物排放标准分为国家标准和地方标准。到1995年底,中国颁布了364项各类国家环境标准。中国法律规定,环境质量标准和污染物排放标准属于强制性标准,违反强制性环境标准,必须承担相应的法律责任。 在建立健全环境法律体系的过程中,中国把环境执法放在与环境立法同等重要的位置,连续4年开展了全国环境执法检查,对污染和破坏环境的行为进行严肃查处,对环境违法犯罪行为进行严厉打击。中国十分重视人民群众和新闻舆论对环境违法行为的监督,开辟了人民群众反映环境问题的渠道,加强了新闻媒介对环境违法行为的揭露和曝光。 应该指出的是,中国的环境法制建设还需要进一步完善,如某些方面存在着立法空白、有些法律的内容需要补充和修改、有法不依、执法不严的现象等。因此,继续加强环境法制建设仍是一项重要的战略任务。 中国同样重视环境管理体制建设,现在已经建立起由全国人民代表大会立法监督,各级政府负责实施,环境保护行政主管部门统一监督管理,各有关部门依照法律规定实施监督管理的体制。 全国人民代表大会设有环境与资源保护委员会,负责组织起草和审议环境与资源保护方面的法律草案并提出报告,监督环境与资源保护方面法律的执行,提出同环境与资源保护问题有关的议案,开展与各国议会之间在环境与资源保护领域的交往。一些省、市人民代表大会也相应设立了环境与资源保护机构。 国务院环境保护委员会由国务院有关部门的领导成员组成,是国务院环境保护工作的议事和协调机构。其主要任务是:研究和审议国家环境保护与经济协调发展的方针、政策和措施,指导并协调解决有关的重大环境问题,监督检查各地区、各部门贯彻执行环境保护法律法规的情况,推动和促进全国环境保护事业的发展。省、市、县人民政府也相应设立了环境保护委员会。 国家环境保护局是国务院环境保护行政主管部门,对全国环境保护工作实施统一监督管理。省、市、县人民政府也相继设立了环境保护行政主管部门,对本辖区的环境保护工作实施统一监督管理。目前,中国县级以上环境保护行政主管部门有2500多个,从事环境行政管理、监测、监理、统计、科学研究、宣传教育等的总人数达8万人。 中国各级政府的综合部门、资源管理部门和工业部门也设立了环境保护机构,负责相应的环境与资源保护工作。中国多数大中型企业也设有环境保护机构,负责本企业的污染防治以及推行清洁生产。目前,各部门和企业的各类环境保护人员已达20多万人。 China pays great attention to environmental legislative work and has now established an environmental statutory framework that takes the Constitution of the People's Republic of China as the foundation and the Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China as the main The Constitution of the People's Republic of China stipulates, ``The state protects and improves the living environment and the ecological environment, and prevents and remedies pollution and other public hazards,'' and ``The state ensures the rational use of natural resources and protects rare animals and The appropriation or damage of natural resources by any organization or individual by whatever means is prohib"'' The Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China is the cardinal law for environmental protection in C The law has established the basic principle for coordinated development between economic construction, social progress and environmental protection, and defined the rights and duties of governments at all levels, all units and individuals as regards environmental China has enacted and promulgated many special laws on environmental protection as well as laws on natural resources related to environmental They include the Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution, Law on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution, Law on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Wastes, Marine Environment Protection Law, Forestry Law, Grassland Law, Fisheries Law, Mineral Resources Law, Land Administration Law, Water Resources Law, Law on the Protection of Wild Animals, Law on Water and Soil Conservation, and Agriculture L The Chinese government has also enacted more than 30 administrative decrees regarding environmental protection, including the Regulations for the Prevention and Control of Noise Pollution, Regulations on Nature Reserves, Regulations on the Prevention of and Protection Against Radiation from Radio Isotopes and Radioactive Device, Regulations on the Safe Administration of Chemicals and Other Dangerous Materials, Provisional Regulations on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution in the Huaihe River Drainage Area, Regulations Governing Environmental Protection Administration in Offshore Oil Exploration and Development, Regulations on the Control of Marine Wastes Dumping, Regulations for the Implementation of the Protection of Terrestrial Wildlife, Pro"ivisional Regulations on the Administration of National Parks, Regulations on the Protection of Basic Farmland, and Regulations on Urban A In addition, departments concerned have also issued a number of administrative rules and decrees on environmental To implement the state's environmental protection laws and regulations, people's congresses and people's governments at local levels, proceeding from specific conditions in their own areas, have enacted and promulgated more than 600 local laws on environmental Environmental standards are an important component of China's environmental statutory They include environmental quality standards, pollutant discharge or emission standards, basic environmental criteria, criteria for samples, and criteria for The environmental quality standards and pollutant discharge or emission standards are divided into state standards and local By the end of 1995, China had promulgated state environmental standards on 364 As stipulated in Chinese law, the environmental quality standards and pollutant discharge standards are compulsory standards, and those who violate these compulsory environmental standards must bear the corresponding legal In the process of establishing and improving the environmental statutory framework, China attaches equal importance to environmental law enforcement and environmental For four years in a row, China has conducted nationwide checks on the enforcement of environmental legislation to seriously deal with acts of polluting and damaging the environment and severely punish environmental law China pays great attention to supervision exercised by the people and media over law-breaking activities regarding the environment -- it has opened channels for the masses of people to report on environmental problems and adopted measures for the media to expose environmental law-breaking But it should be pointed out that China's environmental legislative work needs to be further For instance, some areas still remain uncovered, some contents are yet to be amended or revised and there are still the phenomena of not fully observing or enforcing Therefore, to make continuous efforts to strengthen environmental legislative work remains an important strategic China attaches equal importance to the establishment of an environmental administrative It has established a system in which the National People's Congress enacts the laws, governments at different levels take responsibility for their enforcement, the administrative departments in charge of environmental protection exercise overall supervision and administration and the various departments concerned exercise supervision and administration according to the stipulations of the The National People's Congress has established an Environment and Resources Protection Committee, whose work it is to organize the formulation and examination of drafted laws related to environmental and resources protection and prepare the necessary reports, exercise supervision over the enforcement of laws governing environmental and resources protection, put forward motions related to the issue of environmental and resources protection, and conduct exchanges with parliaments in other countries in the field of environmental and resources The people's congresses of some provinces and cities have also established corresponding environmental and resources protection The Environmental Protection Committee under the State Council is made up of leaders of various related ministries under the State C It is the State Council's consultancy and coordination agency for environmental protection Its major tasks are studying and examining the principles, policies and measures relating to coordinative development of the country's economy and environmental protection, giving guidance to and coordinating efforts in tackling major environmental problems, exercising supervision over and conducting checks on the implementation of the environmental protection laws and regulations by various localities and departments, and promoting the development of environmental protection undertakings throughout the The people's governments at the provincial, city and county levels have also established corresponding environmental protection The National Environmental Protection Agency is the competent environmental protection administration agency under the State Council, whose task it is to exercise overall supervision and administration over the country's environ"imen tal protection The people's governments at the provincial, city and county levels have also successively established environmental protection administration departments to carry out overall supervision and administration of the environ"imen tal protection work in their At present, there are nationwide more than 2,500 environmental protection administration departments above the county level with a total staff of 88,000 engaged in environmental administration, monitoring, inspection and control, statistics collection, scientific research, pub"ilicity and Environmental protection organizations have also been established in comprehensive administration departments, resources administration departments and industrial departments under governments at various levels to take charge of related environmental and resources protection Most of China's large and medium-sized enterprises have also set up environmental protection organizations responsible for their own anti-pollution work and the promotion of cleaner At present, the total number of various types of environmental protection workers employed by the various departments and enterprises exceeds 200,
The protection environment, everybody has then 保护环境,人人有则 Everybody is the environmental protection, the environmental protection is an everybody 人人为环保、环保为人人 Pursue green fashion, trend green civilization追求绿色时尚、走向绿色文明
都比较简单。 Help the environment protect environment Environment problem environment pollution
环境与可持续发展课程论文范文大全高中英语
中国的环境保护问题(英汉对照)中国政府十分重视因人口增长和经济发展而出现的环境问题,把保护环境作为提高人民生活水平和生活质量的一个重要方面。为了促进经济、社会与环境的协调发展,中国在80年代制定并实施了一系列保护环境的方针、政策、法律和措施。The Chinese government has paid great attention to the environmental issues arising from the country's population growth and economic development, and has made protecting the environment an important aspect of the improvement of the people's living standards and quality of In order to promote coordinated development between the economy, the society and the environment, China enacted and implemented a series of principles, policies, laws and measures for environmental protection in the ——确立环境保护为中国的一项基本国策。防治环境污染和生态破坏以及合理开发利用自然资源关系到国家的全局利益和长远发展,中国政府坚定不移地贯彻执行环境保护这项基本国策。-- Making environmental protection one of China's basic national The prevention and control of environmental pollution and ecological destruction and the rational exploitation and utilization of natural resources are of vital importance to the country's overall interests and long-term The Chinese government is unswervingly carrying out the basic national policy of environmental ——制定经济建设、城乡建设和环境建设同步规划、同步实施、同步发展,实现经济效益、社会效益、环境效益相统一的指导方针,实行“预防为主,防治结合”、“谁污染,谁治理”和“强化环境管理”三大政策。-- Formulating the guiding principles of simultaneous planning, simultaneous implementation and simultaneous development for economic construction, urban and rural construction and environmental construction, and combining the economic returns with social effects and environmental benefits; and carrying out the three major policies of ``prevention first and combining prevention with control,'' ``making the causer of pollution responsible for treating it'' and ``intensifying environmental '' ——颁布实施环境保护的法律法规,把环境保护建立在法制的基础上,不断完善环境法律体系,严格执法程序,加大执法力度,保证环境法律法规的有效实施。-- Promulgating and putting into effect laws and regulations regarding environmental protection and placing environmental protection on a legal footing, continuously improving the statutes concerning the environment, formulating strict law-enforcement procedures and increasing the intensity of law enforcement so as to ensure the effective implementation of the environmental laws and ——坚持环境保护纳入国民经济和社会发展计划,实施国家指导下的宏观调控与管理,逐步增加对环境保护的投入,使环境保护与各项建设事业统筹兼顾,协调发展。-- Persisting in incorporating environmental protection into the plans for national economic and social development, introducing to it macro regulation and management under state guidance, and gradually increasing environmental protection input so as to give simultaneous consideration to environmental protection and other undertakings and ensure their coordinated ——建立健全各级政府的环境保护机构,形成比较完善的环境管理体制,充分发挥环境监督管理的作用。-- Establishing and improving environmental protection organizations under governments at all levels, forming a rather complete environmental control system, and bringing into full play the governments' role in environmental supervision and ——加速环境科学技术的进步。加强基础理论研究,组织科技攻关,开发和推广防治环境污染的实用技术,扶植环境保护产业的发展,初步形成了环境保护科研体系。-- Accelerating progress in environmental science and Strengthening research into basic theories, organizing the tackling of key scientific and technological problems, developing and popularizing prac"itical technology for environmental pollution prevention and control, fostering the growth of environmental protection industries, and giving initial shape to an environmental protection scientific research ——开展环境宣传教育,提高全民族的环境意识。广泛进行环境宣传,逐步普及中小学环境教育,发展环境保护在职教育和专业教育,培养环境科学技术和管理方面的专门人才。-- Carrying out environmental publicity and education to enhance the whole nation's awareness of the Widely conducting environmental publicity work, gradually popularizing environmental education in secondary and primary schools, developing on-the-job education in environ"imen tal protection and vocational education, and training specialized personnel in environmental science and technology as well as environmental ——推进环境保护领域的国际合作。积极发展同世界各国和国际组织在环境与发展方面的交流与合作,认真履行国际环境公约,努力发挥中国在国际环境事务中的作用。-- Promoting international cooperation in the field of environmental Actively expanding exchanges and cooperation concerning the environment and development with other countries and international organizations, earnestly implementing international environmental conventions, and seeking scope for China's role in global environmental 进入90年代,国际社会与世界各国在探索解决环境与发展问题的道路上迈出了重要一步。1992年6月,联合国环境与发展大会把可持续发展作为未来共同的发展战略,得到了与会各国政府的普遍赞同。Since the beginning of the 1990s the international community and various countries have made an important step forward in exploring solutions to problems of the environment and The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, held in June 1992, made sustainable development the strategy for common development in the future, and this won wide acclaim from the governments of all countries represented at the 1992年8月,联合国环境与发展大会之后,中国政府提出了中国环境与发展应采取的十大对策,明确指出走可持续发展道路是当代中国以及未来的必然选择。In August 1992, shortly after that conference, the Chinese government put forward ten major measures China was to adopt to enhance its environment and development, clearly pointing out that the road of sustainable development was a logical choice for China now and in the 1994年3月,中国政府批准发布了《中国21世纪议程 ——�中国21世纪人口、环境与发展白皮书》,从人口、环境与发展的具体国情出发,提出了中国可持续发展的总体战略、对策以及行动方案。有关部门和地方也分别制定了实施可持续发展战略的行动计划。In March 1994 the Chinese government approved and promulgated China's Agenda 21 -- White Paper on China's Population, Environment, and Development in the 21st C This document, proceeding from the country's specific national conditions in these three respects, put forward China's overall strategy, measures and program of action for sustainable The various departments and localities also worked out their respective plans of action to implement the strategy for sustainable 1996年3月,第八届全国人民代表大会第四次会议审议通过的《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展“九五”计划和2010年远景目标纲要》,把实施可持续发展作为现代化建设的一项重大战略,使可持续发展战略在中国经济建设和社会发展过程中得以实施。 At its Fourth Session in March 1996 China's Eighth National People's Congress examined and adopted the Ninth Five-Year Plan of the People's Republic of China for National Economic and Social Development and the Outline of the Long-Term Target for the Year Both the Plan and Outline take sustainable development as an important strategy for modernization, thus making it possible for the implementation of the strategy of sustainable development in the course of China's economic construction and social 二、逐步完善的法律体系与管理体制 中国重视环境法制建设,目前已经形成了以《中华人民共和国宪法》为基础,以《中华人民共和国环境保护法》为主体的环境法律体系。 《中华人民共和国宪法》规定:“国家保护和改善生活环境和生态环境,防治污染和其他公害。”“国家保障自然资源的合理利用,保护珍贵的动物和植物。禁止任何组织或者个人用任何手段侵占或者破坏自然资源。” 《中华人民共和国环境保护法》是中国环境保护的基本法。该法确立了经济建设、社会发展与环境保护协调发展的基本方针,规定了各级政府、一切单位和个人保护环境的权利和义务。 中国针对特定的环境保护对象制定颁布了多项环境保护专门法以及与环境保护相关的资源法,包括:《水污染防治法》、《大气污染防治法》、《固体废物污染环境防治法》、《海洋环境保护法》、《森林法》、《草原法》、《渔业法》、《矿产资源法》、《土地管理法》、《水法》、《野生动物保护法》、《水土保持法》、《农业法》等。 中国政府还制定了《噪声污染防治条例》、《自然保护区条例》、《放射性同位素与射线装置放射防护条例》、《化学危险品安全管理条例》、《淮河流域水污染防治暂行条例》、《海洋石油勘探开发环境保护管理条例》、《海洋倾废管理条例》、《陆生野生动物保护实施条例》、《风景名胜区管理暂行条例》、《基本农田保护条例》、《城市绿化条例》等30多件环境保护行政法规。此外,各有关部门还发布了大量的环境保护行政规章。 中国地方人民代表大会和地方人民政府为实施国家环境保护法律,结合本地区的具体情况,制定和颁布了600多项环境保护地方性法规。 环境标准是中国环境法律体系的一个重要组成部分,包括环境质量标准、污染物排放标准、环境基础标准、样品标准和方法标准。环境质量标准、污染物排放标准分为国家标准和地方标准。到1995年底,中国颁布了364项各类国家环境标准。中国法律规定,环境质量标准和污染物排放标准属于强制性标准,违反强制性环境标准,必须承担相应的法律责任。 在建立健全环境法律体系的过程中,中国把环境执法放在与环境立法同等重要的位置,连续4年开展了全国环境执法检查,对污染和破坏环境的行为进行严肃查处,对环境违法犯罪行为进行严厉打击。中国十分重视人民群众和新闻舆论对环境违法行为的监督,开辟了人民群众反映环境问题的渠道,加强了新闻媒介对环境违法行为的揭露和曝光。 应该指出的是,中国的环境法制建设还需要进一步完善,如某些方面存在着立法空白、有些法律的内容需要补充和修改、有法不依、执法不严的现象等。因此,继续加强环境法制建设仍是一项重要的战略任务。 中国同样重视环境管理体制建设,现在已经建立起由全国人民代表大会立法监督,各级政府负责实施,环境保护行政主管部门统一监督管理,各有关部门依照法律规定实施监督管理的体制。 全国人民代表大会设有环境与资源保护委员会,负责组织起草和审议环境与资源保护方面的法律草案并提出报告,监督环境与资源保护方面法律的执行,提出同环境与资源保护问题有关的议案,开展与各国议会之间在环境与资源保护领域的交往。一些省、市人民代表大会也相应设立了环境与资源保护机构。 国务院环境保护委员会由国务院有关部门的领导成员组成,是国务院环境保护工作的议事和协调机构。其主要任务是:研究和审议国家环境保护与经济协调发展的方针、政策和措施,指导并协调解决有关的重大环境问题,监督检查各地区、各部门贯彻执行环境保护法律法规的情况,推动和促进全国环境保护事业的发展。省、市、县人民政府也相应设立了环境保护委员会。 国家环境保护局是国务院环境保护行政主管部门,对全国环境保护工作实施统一监督管理。省、市、县人民政府也相继设立了环境保护行政主管部门,对本辖区的环境保护工作实施统一监督管理。目前,中国县级以上环境保护行政主管部门有2500多个,从事环境行政管理、监测、监理、统计、科学研究、宣传教育等的总人数达8万人。 中国各级政府的综合部门、资源管理部门和工业部门也设立了环境保护机构,负责相应的环境与资源保护工作。中国多数大中型企业也设有环境保护机构,负责本企业的污染防治以及推行清洁生产。目前,各部门和企业的各类环境保护人员已达20多万人。 China pays great attention to environmental legislative work and has now established an environmental statutory framework that takes the Constitution of the People's Republic of China as the foundation and the Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China as the main The Constitution of the People's Republic of China stipulates, ``The state protects and improves the living environment and the ecological environment, and prevents and remedies pollution and other public hazards,'' and ``The state ensures the rational use of natural resources and protects rare animals and The appropriation or damage of natural resources by any organization or individual by whatever means is prohib"'' The Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China is the cardinal law for environmental protection in C The law has established the basic principle for coordinated development between economic construction, social progress and environmental protection, and defined the rights and duties of governments at all levels, all units and individuals as regards environmental China has enacted and promulgated many special laws on environmental protection as well as laws on natural resources related to environmental They include the Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution, Law on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution, Law on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Wastes, Marine Environment Protection Law, Forestry Law, Grassland Law, Fisheries Law, Mineral Resources Law, Land Administration Law, Water Resources Law, Law on the Protection of Wild Animals, Law on Water and Soil Conservation, and Agriculture L The Chinese government has also enacted more than 30 administrative decrees regarding environmental protection, including the Regulations for the Prevention and Control of Noise Pollution, Regulations on Nature Reserves, Regulations on the Prevention of and Protection Against Radiation from Radio Isotopes and Radioactive Device, Regulations on the Safe Administration of Chemicals and Other Dangerous Materials, Provisional Regulations on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution in the Huaihe River Drainage Area, Regulations Governing Environmental Protection Administration in Offshore Oil Exploration and Development, Regulations on the Control of Marine Wastes Dumping, Regulations for the Implementation of the Protection of Terrestrial Wildlife, Pro"ivisional Regulations on the Administration of National Parks, Regulations on the Protection of Basic Farmland, and Regulations on Urban A In addition, departments concerned have also issued a number of administrative rules and decrees on environmental To implement the state's environmental protection laws and regulations, people's congresses and people's governments at local levels, proceeding from specific conditions in their own areas, have enacted and promulgated more than 600 local laws on environmental Environmental standards are an important component of China's environmental statutory They include environmental quality standards, pollutant discharge or emission standards, basic environmental criteria, criteria for samples, and criteria for The environmental quality standards and pollutant discharge or emission standards are divided into state standards and local By the end of 1995, China had promulgated state environmental standards on 364 As stipulated in Chinese law, the environmental quality standards and pollutant discharge standards are compulsory standards, and those who violate these compulsory environmental standards must bear the corresponding legal In the process of establishing and improving the environmental statutory framework, China attaches equal importance to environmental law enforcement and environmental For four years in a row, China has conducted nationwide checks on the enforcement of environmental legislation to seriously deal with acts of polluting and damaging the environment and severely punish environmental law China pays great attention to supervision exercised by the people and media over law-breaking activities regarding the environment -- it has opened channels for the masses of people to report on environmental problems and adopted measures for the media to expose environmental law-breaking But it should be pointed out that China's environmental legislative work needs to be further For instance, some areas still remain uncovered, some contents are yet to be amended or revised and there are still the phenomena of not fully observing or enforcing Therefore, to make continuous efforts to strengthen environmental legislative work remains an important strategic China attaches equal importance to the establishment of an environmental administrative It has established a system in which the National People's Congress enacts the laws, governments at different levels take responsibility for their enforcement, the administrative departments in charge of environmental protection exercise overall supervision and administration and the various departments concerned exercise supervision and administration according to the stipulations of the The National People's Congress has established an Environment and Resources Protection Committee, whose work it is to organize the formulation and examination of drafted laws related to environmental and resources protection and prepare the necessary reports, exercise supervision over the enforcement of laws governing environmental and resources protection, put forward motions related to the issue of environmental and resources protection, and conduct exchanges with parliaments in other countries in the field of environmental and resources The people's congresses of some provinces and cities have also established corresponding environmental and resources protection The Environmental Protection Committee under the State Council is made up of leaders of various related ministries under the State C It is the State Council's consultancy and coordination agency for environmental protection Its major tasks are studying and examining the principles, policies and measures relating to coordinative development of the country's economy and environmental protection, giving guidance to and coordinating efforts in tackling major environmental problems, exercising supervision over and conducting checks on the implementation of the environmental protection laws and regulations by various localities and departments, and promoting the development of environmental protection undertakings throughout the The people's governments at the provincial, city and county levels have also established corresponding environmental protection The National Environmental Protection Agency is the competent environmental protection administration agency under the State Council, whose task it is to exercise overall supervision and administration over the country's environ"imen tal protection The people's governments at the provincial, city and county levels have also successively established environmental protection administration departments to carry out overall supervision and administration of the environ"imen tal protection work in their At present, there are nationwide more than 2,500 environmental protection administration departments above the county level with a total staff of 88,000 engaged in environmental administration, monitoring, inspection and control, statistics collection, scientific research, pub"ilicity and Environmental protection organizations have also been established in comprehensive administration departments, resources administration departments and industrial departments under governments at various levels to take charge of related environmental and resources protection Most of China's large and medium-sized enterprises have also set up environmental protection organizations responsible for their own anti-pollution work and the promotion of cleaner At present, the total number of various types of environmental protection workers employed by the various departments and enterprises exceeds 200,
生态建设是全球关注的焦点问题,是区域发展的热点问题。 1、生态市建设是落实科学发展观的必然要求 党的十六届三中全会提出了全面、协调、可持续的科学发展观,这是党中央、国务院在全面把握经济社会发展规律基础上作出的科学论断。落实科学的发展观,前提是全面发展,中心是协调发展,根本是可持续发展。坚持全面、协调、可持续发展,就是不仅要为今天的发展尽力,更要对明天的发展负责;就是要统筹人与自然的和谐发展,处理好经济建设、人口增长与资源利用、环境保护的关系,为今后的发展提供可以永续利用的资源与环境。建设生态市,正是按照科学发展观尤其是可持续发展的要求,根据生态经济学原理和循环经济理论提出来的。我们要通过生态市的建设,实现以最小的资源环境代价谋求经济社会最大限度的发展,以最小的社会、经济成本保护资源和环境,既创建一流的生态环境和生活质量,又确保经济社会持续健康发展,从而使经济发展走上科技先导型、资源节约型、清洁生产型、生态保护型、循环经济型之路,确保我市经济社会在整体上的全面发展,在空间上的协调发展,在时间上的持续发展。 2、生态市建设是提升区域竞争力的有效途径 当前,生态环境和可持续发展能力已逐渐成为衡量一个国家和地区综合竞争力的重要尺度。生态环境越好,对生产要素的吸引力和凝聚力就越强。从这个意义讲,保护生态环境就是保护生产力,改善生态环境就是发展生产力。我市目前的产业结构以机电、化工、轻纺、建筑四大产业为主,其中机电和化工是我们的支柱产业。近年来,随着化工业的蓬勃发展,部分区域的环境恶化趋势日益加剧,环境容量对经济发展的制约作用日益明显。如果我们的污染物排放总量继续随着经济总量增长,甚至高于经济总量增长,那么,离累积性环境问题的爆发将为期不远,到那时我们不仅将失去发展空间,甚至会影响生存的空间。 生态市建设的适时提出,为我们解决这个难题提供了途径。坚持通过污染治理消除污染严重的劣势,发掘生态经济发展较快的“潜在优势“,保持杭州湾新区的区位与集聚优势。坚持走科技含量高、经济效益好、资源消耗低、环境污染少、人力资源优势得到充分发挥的新型工业化道路,对我市有限的自然资源和环境容量进行重新整合和配置,从根本上转变经济增长方式,使经济社会与资源、环境相协调,增强经济发展后劲。从而紧紧抓住21世纪头二十年的重要战略机遇,由龙山时代和曹娥江时代直接迈向杭州湾时代,呼应大绍兴,接轨大上海,融入长三角,不断增强上虞区域竞争力,进而在国内外两个市场有所突破,赢得先机。 3、生态市建设是维护人民群众根本利益的重要举措。 层次,广大人民群众越来越注重生活质量的追求。开始注重城市的人居环境,普遍关心环境卫生、生态质量等问题,而且迫切要求这些方面尽快得到更大的改善。经过这几年对城市污染源的综合整治,我们上虞的生态环境与前几年相比应该说有了一定的改善,但离广大人民群众的期望还有很大的距离。我们各级党委、政府,我们这些党员干部,怎么去为人民服务?怎么去实践“三个代表”?贯彻“三个代表”,必须把人民的根本利益作为出发点和归宿,在社会不断发展的基础上,使人民群众获得切实的经济、政治、文化利益。建设生态市,努力创造良好的生态环境、宜人的居住环境,是一件事关老百姓切身利益的大事,是一项为民尽责、民为谋利、为民兴业的民心工程,功在当代,利在千秋。我们要为人民群众创造优美、干净、舒适的生活环境,为子孙后代留住青山绿水,碧海蓝天,真正实践“三个代表”,维护人民群众根本利益。 总之,生态市建设是大势所趋,时代所期,人心所向。各级、各部门必须深刻认识建设生态市的重大意义,把思想和行动统一到市委、市政府决策部署上来,进一步增强建设生态市的责任感和使命感,把生态市建设作为事关上虞现代化建设全局的一项战略任务,切实采取有效措施,坚持不懈地扎实推进。 : 1、发展生态工业 优化工业结构,促进产业升级。生态优先,发展第一,强化经济效益、环境效益“双赢”意识。应用高新技术改造提升传统产业,拓展高新技术产业。积极引进、培育、发展产业关联度大、科技含量高、资源消耗少、环境污染小的劳动密集型、资金密集型、技术密集型的项目和企业,重点扶持机电、节能环保产业,改造提升轻纺等传统产业,适度发展化工业和新型建材业,积极培育电子信息、生物医药等新兴高新技术产业,限制压缩重污染和高耗低效产业,形成以机电、化工、轻纺、节能环保四大支柱产业为主导,其它产业协调发展的工业格局。 合理空间布局,推进产业集聚。以企业规模化、产业集聚化、经济特色化、污染治理集中化、资源利用集约化为目标,加快实施“北工中城南闲”的市域发展战略。按照城镇体系规划所确定的市区——中心镇——一般镇三级城镇发展布局和高效、集约化的城市产业发展要求,按照梯度集聚、合理规划的原则和环境资源禀赋特点,优化全市工业空间和产业布局。建立工业发展严控区,做大做强杭州湾上虞新区,做优做高上虞经济开发区,做活做特乡镇(街道)工业集聚区。重点扶持杭州湾上虞新区、上虞经济开发区和丰惠劳保用品、崧厦伞业等一批重点开发区和特色工业集聚区,整合、压缩不规范的乡镇工业集聚区。采取政策措施,推动企业向工业集聚区集聚,形成以城区为中心,上三高速、329和104国道等重要交通干线为发展轴,以杭州湾上虞新区和经济开发区为集聚发展区,以丰惠、小越、崧厦、章镇、上浦为发展点,符合产业发展与布局规划和生态市建设规划的市域集聚态产业空间布局。积极引导废水、废气排放量较大的项目和企业向杭州湾上虞新区集聚,严格控制化工、印染等废水、废气污染较严重的建设项目在杭州湾上虞新区外落户建设,严格控制造纸、食品脱水加工等废水排放量较大的建设项目在污水集中收集输送管网之外的区域选址建设,分散在城区内和虞中、虞南地区对环境污染影响较大的工业企业限期转产或搬迁。 推行清洁生产,建设生态园区。大力实施清洁生产审计,推广应用清洁生产技术,鼓励选用资源利用率高、污染物产生量少、废物资源化和无害化的生产工艺、设备。发展循环经济,建设工业生态链,实现工业废弃物的减量化、资源化和无害化。强化工业污染防治,加强建设项目环境影响评价和“三同时”管理,未通过环保“三同时”验收的建设项目一律不准投产。组织开展ISO14000环境管理体系认证,建立区域ISO14000环境管理体系。加强工业园区环境管理和污染治理,完善园区环境基础设施建设,实行生态化改造 2、发展生态农业 建设特色优势生态农业。调整粮经结构、种养结构、品种结构,逐步提高经济作物、水产养殖、林特产品和畜禽产品在农业中的比重,重点发展蔬菜、水产、花卉、茶果、畜牧五大产业,农、林、牧、副、渔五业并举,形成稳定的生态农业经济体系。根据各地农业发展的区域条件和比较优势,按照“开拓市场、优化结构、提高品位、增加效益”的要求,加大结构调整力度,优化区域布局,推动名特优农产品向优势产区集中,形成优势农产品产业区。在城郊和虞中平原水网地区构筑城郊型优高农业区,建设优质蔬菜产区、花木种植区、名优特色水果种植区、高档水产养殖区;在虞南丘陵山地构筑生态型农林特产区,建设绿色有机农产品区、生态农业特色产业区,建设“后花园”、“休闲区”。积极开发休闲观光农业。 推行绿色生产经营。培育农业龙头企业,发展农业专业合作组织,引导农民发展绿色农业,推行绿色生产营销,促进农业增效、农民增收。全面实施农产品无公害生产,加强绿色、有机农产品基地建设,积极申报无公害、绿色有机农产品基地,组织无公害、绿色有机农产品认证,着力提高绿色有机农产品比重。通过农产品加工企业、农业专业合作组织、生态示范基地建设,带动千家万户发展生态农业。突出发展茶叶、干果、水果、蔬菜、竹笋等适应国内外市场需求的绿色有机名特优农产品。 强化农产品质量管理。实施种子、种苗工程,大力引进推广优质高效的农产品新品种。积极推广病虫害无害化防治技术、动植物品种优化技术、农产品标准化生产技术和资源高效利用技术,科学用肥,禁止使用高毒、高残留农药和各类有害药物。实施农业生产过程标准化和农产品质量标准化,突出安全卫生指标,建立健全农产品质量安全管理体系和检测体系。 3、发展生态旅游 全面整合自然景观和文化资源,紧紧围绕“打造虞南旅游休闲基地,建设长三角都市后花园”的总体发展目标,着力构筑曹娥江滨水观览游憩带、春晖白马湖文化生态休闲区、洪山湖祝家庄古典风情休闲度假区、陈溪一覆卮山健身运动休闲区、四明一凤鸣山养生游览度假区、东山文化观光区“一带五区”的生态旅游框架,努力成为杭、甬旅游集散城市的副中心及浙东黄金旅游线上的旅游节点。切实加强旅游区生态环境保护与建设,维护景区资源和当地生态系统,打造优美舒适的生态旅游环境。提高旅游区的文化品位,挖掘、包装具有上虞特色的“东山文化”、“曹娥文化”、“虞舜文化”、“英台文化”、“春晖白马文化”、“青瓷文化”和“名士文化”,打响生态旅游品牌,做大、做精生态旅游产业。 第三、加强生态建设。 这是建设生态市的重点,也是长期而艰巨的任务。要突出抓好三点: 一是加强城市生态建设。发挥城区自然生态资源优势,“森林进城”,建设以山体为绿被,以河流水系、交通绿地为脉络,街道、小区、单位绿地为补充的点、线、面有机结合的城区绿地生态体系。充分利用滨江优势,实施曹娥江“一江两岸”绿化景观带建设,营造特色鲜明的城市中心景观区,展现生态型城市的魅力。利用杭甬运河、百松河、西横河三河贯穿城区的自然条件,精心打造城区碧水绿林人文景观带。加强绿色通道工程建设,在人民路、三环路、四环路、南北中心大道、百松公路、百丰公路、329国道、104国道等重要交通干线两侧建设纵横交错的绿色生态走廊。加强百官半山、丰山、曹娥凤凰山、峰山等自然山体的景观建设和森林、植被保护,建设城区生态休闲绿地,建设市民广场、青春广场,合理布置街道绿化,增强城市“绿肺”功能。二是加强农村生态建设。整治村落环境。结合浙江省“千村示范、万村整治”工程,以每年100个行政村的进度,开展“百村整治”示范活动。按照布局合理、设计科学的要求,全面规划农村居民点的建设,拆旧建新,改造“空心村”,植树绿化,整治环境卫生,改善村容村貌,达到道路硬化、四旁绿化、路灯亮化、卫生洁化、河道净化、布局优化、住宅美化、服务强化等八化要求,以良好的居住环境、完备的基础设施、优质的社区服务实现农村城镇化。同时选择生态优势突出、经济条件较好的行政村,大力开展生态村建设工作,建设绿色生态家园。三是加强城乡环境基础设施建设。加快建设、完善城镇排水系统。新建排水系统采用雨污分流制,对现有合流制管道采用截流式合流制,并在道路改造、旧城改造中逐步建成分流制。近期重点加快建制镇污水收集系统的建设步伐,完善城区污水收集系统,尽快完成城市污水处理厂截污范围内建制镇的生活污水纳管统一处理工作,保证至2007年全市城镇生活污水收集率达到60%以上。非城市污水处理厂纳污范围内的乡镇生活污水处理,按照集中和分散处理相结合的原则予以实施,并尽可能考虑与工业集聚区合建集中污水处理厂。章镇、丰惠、汤浦等具有一定工业基础的较大乡镇可分别建设小型污水处理厂;其余南部各乡镇由于人口不多,且较为分散,应采取地埋式无动力生活污水净化池或湿地污水处理系统等多种方式进行处理。至2007年,所有城市污水处理厂纳污范围外的建制镇必须建有生活污水处理设施。 加快建设和完善城镇垃圾收集处置系统,建设相应的环卫基地和环卫设施,积极推行生活垃圾的分类收集。近期加快改造、扩建位于城东驿亭镇的城市垃圾填埋场,以满足城区生活垃圾无害化处理需要,其它各乡镇近期必须完成现有垃圾填埋场规范化改造,实现生活垃圾的无害化处理。中期结合杭州湾上虞新区热电厂建设,建设生活垃圾焚烧设施,集中处置市区和道墟、崧厦、小越、驿亭、谢塘、盖北、沥海等乡镇及杭州湾上虞新区的生活垃圾,集中处置一般可燃固体废弃物;并逐步关闭这些乡镇的小型垃圾填埋场,做好覆土、绿化和防渗等工作;同时在这些乡镇建设密闭压缩式垃圾中转站,提高垃圾收运效率。在小型垃圾焚烧设施技术经济条件可行的情况下,在虞南的丰惠、章镇建设生活垃圾焚烧设施。其它乡镇因较为分散,仍以建设小型无害化垃圾填埋场自行填埋处置为主,或建设垃圾堆肥厂进行综合处理。 三、加强领导,狠抓落实,确保生态市建设各项工作落到实处 生态市建设是一项宏大的系统工程,涉及领域多、涵盖面广,同时也是一个长期建设和渐进发展的过程,任务重、时间长、要求高。各级各部门必须着眼长远,立足当前,扎实工作,稳步推进,坚持不懈地把生态市建设的各项工作落到实处。 1、加强领导,落实责任,健全创建机制 生态市建设是一项复杂的系统工程,涉及到全市上下各级、各部门、各行业,必须切实加强领导,统一认识,协调行动。建立以党政一把手为首,由分管相关工作的副市长、有关部门及重大工程项目的负责人组成的生态市建设领导小组,负责组织生态市建设规划的实施,协调解决生态市建设过程中产生的重大问题,确定各阶段的重点任务。领导小组下设办公室,具体负责协调和处理生态市建设过程中出现的相关问题,并对各项生态建设任务实行目标管理。办公室要保证人员编制到位和资金保障到位。市级各部门、各乡镇(街道)应立足当前,着眼长远,切实加强生态市建设工作领导,明确分管领导,明确职能科室或办公室。同时要加强市级各部门、各乡镇(街道)之间的配合、联系和协调,建立工作通报制度和交流制度,形成分工合作、相互配合、良性互动的工作推动机制。 建立生态市建设首长负责制,把生态市建设作为“一把手”工程。将生态市建设任务的完成情况作为领导干部政绩考核的重要内容,对在生态市建设工作中取得成绩的予以相应的奖励,对严重影响生态市建设或发生生态环境破坏事故的单位和主要领导给予必要的处分。市委、市人大、市政府和市级各部门、各乡镇(街道)要把生态市建设列入重要议事日程。市委、市政府将生态市建设的年度目标、任务纳入对市级各部门、各乡镇(街道)的年度考核内容,并将生态市建设的年度目标、任务逐项分解,下达到各有关部门和乡镇街道,签订目标责任状。并建立生态市建设评估机制和行政效能监察机制,按照生态市建设评价指标体系与考核评价制度,对全市及各乡镇、各部门生态市建设进展情况进行动态评估,科学地分析和评价生态市建设的成效和阶段性成果。市级有关部门、单位要严格按照生态市建设的职责要求,把生态市建设内容结合到本部门的重点工作中。各乡镇(街道)要按照生态市建设目标责任书要求,抓紧制订工作计划,切实抓好落实。使建设任务落实到基层,实现任务到人,措施到位,确保生态市建设工作卓成有效。 2、抓好项目,落实政策,保障创建成效 建设生态市,关键要抓项目。没有一定数量、质量的项目,建设生态市就是空中楼阁。抓住了项目,也就是抓住了生态市建设的“牛鼻子”。我们在招商引资活动中,要利用生态品牌引项目、争项目、建项目。重点是抓好生态项目的开发、筛选、包装、申报和实施工作,以生态项目推动生态市建设,促进经济发展。要选择对生态市建设、上虞经济社会发展带动力强、社会效益好、近期可以启动的项目,各乡镇(街道)、各部门要拓宽思路,多思考、多挖掘。凡是可以利用生态条件,可以挂上生态市建设的项目都可以充分挖掘出来。环保、发计、经贸等部门要加强业务指导,及时综合和筛选。 建设生态市,必须要有相关配套的政策保障。切实加大创建生态市的政策扶持力度,对生态建设和环境保护项目,要优先保证用地、用水、用电,并提供相应的税收优惠和政策倾斜。到2012年,市政府计划安排15亿元的资金用于生态市建设,各乡镇(街道)政府和市级有关部门、单位也要筹措相应的资金用于生态市重点建设项目。充分发挥政府资金“四两拨千斤”的杠杆作用和对社会资金的导向作用,坚持以改革的思路,运用企业化、产业化、市场化的机制,鼓励、支持社会资金投向生态市建设,建立和完善政府引导、市场推进、公众参与的多元化投入机制,逐年提高生态环境保护与建设的投入占同期财政总支出的比例,以及全社会生态环境保护与建设的投入占国内生产总值的比例。建立生态环境保护专项资金,市财政每年拨出300万元资金,专项奖励、补助生态建设、环境保护、发展生态经济、开展清洁生产、创建生态镇(街道)村等项目和在生态市建设工作中表现突出的单位和个人。制定鼓励退耕还林优惠政策,加大退耕还林工作力度。建立自然资源与环境有偿使用机制和生态环境恢复补偿机制,对资源受益者征收资源开发补偿费和生态环境补偿费。 3、强化宣传,全民参与,营造创建氛围 充分利用广播、电视、报刊和网络等媒体,拓宽思想,创新载体,多渠道、多层次、多形式地开展生态市建设的舆论宣传,进行多种形式的生态环境教育和科普宣传教育,使生态市建设家喻户晓,深入人心。使单位和市民明确自己在生态环境建设方面的责任和义务,增强社会各界的环保意识和生态意识。加强消费引导,大力推行绿化消费和可持续消费,在全社会形成自觉保护生态环境的风尚。把生态文化建设作为社会主义精神文明建设的重要组成部分来培育和弘扬。通过“贴近实际、贴近生活、贴近群众”的宣传教育,在广大干部群众中广泛开展生态文明观和文明发展观教育,促进生产方式、生活方式和消费观念的转变。牢固树立环境就是资源,环境就是财富,环境就是生产力,环境就是竞争力的观念,使人民群众像关注经济增长数字那样关注环境质量的改善,像关心社会稳定那样关心环境安全。在全市上下形成不重视生态的政府是不清醒的政府、不重视生态的干部是不称职的干部、不重视生态的企业是没有希望的企业、不重视生态的公民是不具备现代文明意识和公民这样一种共识。 建立完善的公众参与机制,畅通交流渠道。充分发挥各级人大代表、政协委员的法律和民主监督作用,进一步加大新闻媒体、社会各界及群众的舆论监督力度,表扬先进典型,揭露违法行为,完善有奖举报制度。建立环保问题公众听证会制度,不定期地公布环境状况和环保工作的信息,扩大公众对环境的知情权,如重点污染源的污染物排放信息等,为公众关注环保、参与环境监督和咨询提供必要条件。把开展生态市建设切实转化为各级各部门和全社会的自觉行动,实现生态市建设的良性互动和可持续发展。
我们倡导:转变观念和思路,加强引导,树立绿色低碳发展观。发展绿色低碳经济、促进可持续发展是人类社会未来发展的必然选择。政府部门要从政策层面上支持和引导大力发展绿色低碳产业,引导、支持社会树立绿色发展和低碳发展的理念。以发展绿色低碳经济实践和探索为起点,寻求适合国情的绿色低碳经济发展模式。为遏止气候变化不断恶化的势头,积极采取自主行动,从多种环节入手,节能减排降耗,减轻环境灾害,切实履行量化减排义务我们希望:加强科技创新,提倡低碳生活,建设生态环境。世界各国、全球企业应负担起共同但有区别的责任,应对资源环境压力。以已开展的生态环境保护治理为榜样,寻求经济发展新模式,承担企业社会责任,加大节能减排和低碳技术的研发,加快节能环保和装备的推广应用,推动技术创新和制度创新,发展低碳能源技术,推行能源高效利用、清洁能源开发、绿色GDP核算等研究,建立低碳经济发展模式和低碳社会生活消费模式我们期待:开展低碳技术国际交流,发展碳排放权交易国际合作。加强政府间国际合作,进而推动企业合作,有序推进低碳生态产业转移,促进低碳和生态经济在全球的合理分布和共同发展。积极建立环境权益交易市场,探索清洁发展机制,推动全球统一碳交易市场形成,改善发展中国家的碳定价权我们努力:推广发展低碳绿色金融的成功经验,积极探索发展绿色低碳经济的投融资途径,不断探索创新投融资机制,将减排降碳纳入金融体系的服务范畴,制定和完善符合国情的促进低碳产业发展的经济激励措施,利用碳金融体系的支撑使碳减排获得持续不断的融资,从碳减排权中提高能效及可持续发展的收益,努力争取全球低碳经济竞争的主动权让我们团结起来“发展绿色经济,倡导低碳生活,共赢绿色未来
环境与可持续发展课程论文范文大全初中物理
你可以先从环境保护的角度出发,写环境保护的重要性,其次你再看下,可持续发展,期刊上找下这类的文献参考。相信你的能写好这篇文章的
环境与可持续发展课程论文范文大全初中数学
在人类以往的历史中,由于人口的稀少以及人们所掌握的控制与破坏自然的力量非常有限,因而他们对自然的开发离自然的承载极限还非常遥远。相对于稀少的人口及有限的开发力量而言,自然的财富可以说是无穷无尽的。人们无须担心自己的行为会毁灭后代的生存家园;即使一个地方的局部生态环境被破坏了,人们还可迁徙到别的地方去生存。加之人们的知识非常有限,无法准确地预见其行为的遥远后果,所以,对遥远的后代的伦理关怀基本上没有进入古人的思维视野。然而,工业革命以来的历史完全改变了人类的代际图景。到了20世纪后半叶,一方面,由于人口的爆增,人均资源消耗量与废物排放量的剧增,人类对地球的开发正在接近地球的承载极限;另一方面,由于知识的增加,我们已经能够准确地预见我们的行为对于后代的生存环境的影响,因而,如何在当代人与后代人之间公平地分配地球上的有限资源的问题,便跃入了当代人的思维视野。
生态建设是全球关注的焦点问题,是区域发展的热点问题。 1、生态市建设是落实科学发展观的必然要求 党的十六届三中全会提出了全面、协调、可持续的科学发展观,这是党中央、国务院在全面把握经济社会发展规律基础上作出的科学论断。落实科学的发展观,前提是全面发展,中心是协调发展,根本是可持续发展。坚持全面、协调、可持续发展,就是不仅要为今天的发展尽力,更要对明天的发展负责;就是要统筹人与自然的和谐发展,处理好经济建设、人口增长与资源利用、环境保护的关系,为今后的发展提供可以永续利用的资源与环境。建设生态市,正是按照科学发展观尤其是可持续发展的要求,根据生态经济学原理和循环经济理论提出来的。我们要通过生态市的建设,实现以最小的资源环境代价谋求经济社会最大限度的发展,以最小的社会、经济成本保护资源和环境,既创建一流的生态环境和生活质量,又确保经济社会持续健康发展,从而使经济发展走上科技先导型、资源节约型、清洁生产型、生态保护型、循环经济型之路,确保我市经济社会在整体上的全面发展,在空间上的协调发展,在时间上的持续发展。 2、生态市建设是提升区域竞争力的有效途径 当前,生态环境和可持续发展能力已逐渐成为衡量一个国家和地区综合竞争力的重要尺度。生态环境越好,对生产要素的吸引力和凝聚力就越强。从这个意义讲,保护生态环境就是保护生产力,改善生态环境就是发展生产力。我市目前的产业结构以机电、化工、轻纺、建筑四大产业为主,其中机电和化工是我们的支柱产业。近年来,随着化工业的蓬勃发展,部分区域的环境恶化趋势日益加剧,环境容量对经济发展的制约作用日益明显。如果我们的污染物排放总量继续随着经济总量增长,甚至高于经济总量增长,那么,离累积性环境问题的爆发将为期不远,到那时我们不仅将失去发展空间,甚至会影响生存的空间。 生态市建设的适时提出,为我们解决这个难题提供了途径。坚持通过污染治理消除污染严重的劣势,发掘生态经济发展较快的“潜在优势“,保持杭州湾新区的区位与集聚优势。坚持走科技含量高、经济效益好、资源消耗低、环境污染少、人力资源优势得到充分发挥的新型工业化道路,对我市有限的自然资源和环境容量进行重新整合和配置,从根本上转变经济增长方式,使经济社会与资源、环境相协调,增强经济发展后劲。从而紧紧抓住21世纪头二十年的重要战略机遇,由龙山时代和曹娥江时代直接迈向杭州湾时代,呼应大绍兴,接轨大上海,融入长三角,不断增强上虞区域竞争力,进而在国内外两个市场有所突破,赢得先机。 3、生态市建设是维护人民群众根本利益的重要举措。 层次,广大人民群众越来越注重生活质量的追求。开始注重城市的人居环境,普遍关心环境卫生、生态质量等问题,而且迫切要求这些方面尽快得到更大的改善。经过这几年对城市污染源的综合整治,我们上虞的生态环境与前几年相比应该说有了一定的改善,但离广大人民群众的期望还有很大的距离。我们各级党委、政府,我们这些党员干部,怎么去为人民服务?怎么去实践“三个代表”?贯彻“三个代表”,必须把人民的根本利益作为出发点和归宿,在社会不断发展的基础上,使人民群众获得切实的经济、政治、文化利益。建设生态市,努力创造良好的生态环境、宜人的居住环境,是一件事关老百姓切身利益的大事,是一项为民尽责、民为谋利、为民兴业的民心工程,功在当代,利在千秋。我们要为人民群众创造优美、干净、舒适的生活环境,为子孙后代留住青山绿水,碧海蓝天,真正实践“三个代表”,维护人民群众根本利益。 总之,生态市建设是大势所趋,时代所期,人心所向。各级、各部门必须深刻认识建设生态市的重大意义,把思想和行动统一到市委、市政府决策部署上来,进一步增强建设生态市的责任感和使命感,把生态市建设作为事关上虞现代化建设全局的一项战略任务,切实采取有效措施,坚持不懈地扎实推进。 : 1、发展生态工业 优化工业结构,促进产业升级。生态优先,发展第一,强化经济效益、环境效益“双赢”意识。应用高新技术改造提升传统产业,拓展高新技术产业。积极引进、培育、发展产业关联度大、科技含量高、资源消耗少、环境污染小的劳动密集型、资金密集型、技术密集型的项目和企业,重点扶持机电、节能环保产业,改造提升轻纺等传统产业,适度发展化工业和新型建材业,积极培育电子信息、生物医药等新兴高新技术产业,限制压缩重污染和高耗低效产业,形成以机电、化工、轻纺、节能环保四大支柱产业为主导,其它产业协调发展的工业格局。 合理空间布局,推进产业集聚。以企业规模化、产业集聚化、经济特色化、污染治理集中化、资源利用集约化为目标,加快实施“北工中城南闲”的市域发展战略。按照城镇体系规划所确定的市区——中心镇——一般镇三级城镇发展布局和高效、集约化的城市产业发展要求,按照梯度集聚、合理规划的原则和环境资源禀赋特点,优化全市工业空间和产业布局。建立工业发展严控区,做大做强杭州湾上虞新区,做优做高上虞经济开发区,做活做特乡镇(街道)工业集聚区。重点扶持杭州湾上虞新区、上虞经济开发区和丰惠劳保用品、崧厦伞业等一批重点开发区和特色工业集聚区,整合、压缩不规范的乡镇工业集聚区。采取政策措施,推动企业向工业集聚区集聚,形成以城区为中心,上三高速、329和104国道等重要交通干线为发展轴,以杭州湾上虞新区和经济开发区为集聚发展区,以丰惠、小越、崧厦、章镇、上浦为发展点,符合产业发展与布局规划和生态市建设规划的市域集聚态产业空间布局。积极引导废水、废气排放量较大的项目和企业向杭州湾上虞新区集聚,严格控制化工、印染等废水、废气污染较严重的建设项目在杭州湾上虞新区外落户建设,严格控制造纸、食品脱水加工等废水排放量较大的建设项目在污水集中收集输送管网之外的区域选址建设,分散在城区内和虞中、虞南地区对环境污染影响较大的工业企业限期转产或搬迁。 推行清洁生产,建设生态园区。大力实施清洁生产审计,推广应用清洁生产技术,鼓励选用资源利用率高、污染物产生量少、废物资源化和无害化的生产工艺、设备。发展循环经济,建设工业生态链,实现工业废弃物的减量化、资源化和无害化。强化工业污染防治,加强建设项目环境影响评价和“三同时”管理,未通过环保“三同时”验收的建设项目一律不准投产。组织开展ISO14000环境管理体系认证,建立区域ISO14000环境管理体系。加强工业园区环境管理和污染治理,完善园区环境基础设施建设,实行生态化改造 2、发展生态农业 建设特色优势生态农业。调整粮经结构、种养结构、品种结构,逐步提高经济作物、水产养殖、林特产品和畜禽产品在农业中的比重,重点发展蔬菜、水产、花卉、茶果、畜牧五大产业,农、林、牧、副、渔五业并举,形成稳定的生态农业经济体系。根据各地农业发展的区域条件和比较优势,按照“开拓市场、优化结构、提高品位、增加效益”的要求,加大结构调整力度,优化区域布局,推动名特优农产品向优势产区集中,形成优势农产品产业区。在城郊和虞中平原水网地区构筑城郊型优高农业区,建设优质蔬菜产区、花木种植区、名优特色水果种植区、高档水产养殖区;在虞南丘陵山地构筑生态型农林特产区,建设绿色有机农产品区、生态农业特色产业区,建设“后花园”、“休闲区”。积极开发休闲观光农业。 推行绿色生产经营。培育农业龙头企业,发展农业专业合作组织,引导农民发展绿色农业,推行绿色生产营销,促进农业增效、农民增收。全面实施农产品无公害生产,加强绿色、有机农产品基地建设,积极申报无公害、绿色有机农产品基地,组织无公害、绿色有机农产品认证,着力提高绿色有机农产品比重。通过农产品加工企业、农业专业合作组织、生态示范基地建设,带动千家万户发展生态农业。突出发展茶叶、干果、水果、蔬菜、竹笋等适应国内外市场需求的绿色有机名特优农产品。 强化农产品质量管理。实施种子、种苗工程,大力引进推广优质高效的农产品新品种。积极推广病虫害无害化防治技术、动植物品种优化技术、农产品标准化生产技术和资源高效利用技术,科学用肥,禁止使用高毒、高残留农药和各类有害药物。实施农业生产过程标准化和农产品质量标准化,突出安全卫生指标,建立健全农产品质量安全管理体系和检测体系。 3、发展生态旅游 全面整合自然景观和文化资源,紧紧围绕“打造虞南旅游休闲基地,建设长三角都市后花园”的总体发展目标,着力构筑曹娥江滨水观览游憩带、春晖白马湖文化生态休闲区、洪山湖祝家庄古典风情休闲度假区、陈溪一覆卮山健身运动休闲区、四明一凤鸣山养生游览度假区、东山文化观光区“一带五区”的生态旅游框架,努力成为杭、甬旅游集散城市的副中心及浙东黄金旅游线上的旅游节点。切实加强旅游区生态环境保护与建设,维护景区资源和当地生态系统,打造优美舒适的生态旅游环境。提高旅游区的文化品位,挖掘、包装具有上虞特色的“东山文化”、“曹娥文化”、“虞舜文化”、“英台文化”、“春晖白马文化”、“青瓷文化”和“名士文化”,打响生态旅游品牌,做大、做精生态旅游产业。 第三、加强生态建设。 这是建设生态市的重点,也是长期而艰巨的任务。要突出抓好三点: 一是加强城市生态建设。发挥城区自然生态资源优势,“森林进城”,建设以山体为绿被,以河流水系、交通绿地为脉络,街道、小区、单位绿地为补充的点、线、面有机结合的城区绿地生态体系。充分利用滨江优势,实施曹娥江“一江两岸”绿化景观带建设,营造特色鲜明的城市中心景观区,展现生态型城市的魅力。利用杭甬运河、百松河、西横河三河贯穿城区的自然条件,精心打造城区碧水绿林人文景观带。加强绿色通道工程建设,在人民路、三环路、四环路、南北中心大道、百松公路、百丰公路、329国道、104国道等重要交通干线两侧建设纵横交错的绿色生态走廊。加强百官半山、丰山、曹娥凤凰山、峰山等自然山体的景观建设和森林、植被保护,建设城区生态休闲绿地,建设市民广场、青春广场,合理布置街道绿化,增强城市“绿肺”功能。二是加强农村生态建设。整治村落环境。结合浙江省“千村示范、万村整治”工程,以每年100个行政村的进度,开展“百村整治”示范活动。按照布局合理、设计科学的要求,全面规划农村居民点的建设,拆旧建新,改造“空心村”,植树绿化,整治环境卫生,改善村容村貌,达到道路硬化、四旁绿化、路灯亮化、卫生洁化、河道净化、布局优化、住宅美化、服务强化等八化要求,以良好的居住环境、完备的基础设施、优质的社区服务实现农村城镇化。同时选择生态优势突出、经济条件较好的行政村,大力开展生态村建设工作,建设绿色生态家园。三是加强城乡环境基础设施建设。加快建设、完善城镇排水系统。新建排水系统采用雨污分流制,对现有合流制管道采用截流式合流制,并在道路改造、旧城改造中逐步建成分流制。近期重点加快建制镇污水收集系统的建设步伐,完善城区污水收集系统,尽快完成城市污水处理厂截污范围内建制镇的生活污水纳管统一处理工作,保证至2007年全市城镇生活污水收集率达到60%以上。非城市污水处理厂纳污范围内的乡镇生活污水处理,按照集中和分散处理相结合的原则予以实施,并尽可能考虑与工业集聚区合建集中污水处理厂。章镇、丰惠、汤浦等具有一定工业基础的较大乡镇可分别建设小型污水处理厂;其余南部各乡镇由于人口不多,且较为分散,应采取地埋式无动力生活污水净化池或湿地污水处理系统等多种方式进行处理。至2007年,所有城市污水处理厂纳污范围外的建制镇必须建有生活污水处理设施。 加快建设和完善城镇垃圾收集处置系统,建设相应的环卫基地和环卫设施,积极推行生活垃圾的分类收集。近期加快改造、扩建位于城东驿亭镇的城市垃圾填埋场,以满足城区生活垃圾无害化处理需要,其它各乡镇近期必须完成现有垃圾填埋场规范化改造,实现生活垃圾的无害化处理。中期结合杭州湾上虞新区热电厂建设,建设生活垃圾焚烧设施,集中处置市区和道墟、崧厦、小越、驿亭、谢塘、盖北、沥海等乡镇及杭州湾上虞新区的生活垃圾,集中处置一般可燃固体废弃物;并逐步关闭这些乡镇的小型垃圾填埋场,做好覆土、绿化和防渗等工作;同时在这些乡镇建设密闭压缩式垃圾中转站,提高垃圾收运效率。在小型垃圾焚烧设施技术经济条件可行的情况下,在虞南的丰惠、章镇建设生活垃圾焚烧设施。其它乡镇因较为分散,仍以建设小型无害化垃圾填埋场自行填埋处置为主,或建设垃圾堆肥厂进行综合处理。 三、加强领导,狠抓落实,确保生态市建设各项工作落到实处 生态市建设是一项宏大的系统工程,涉及领域多、涵盖面广,同时也是一个长期建设和渐进发展的过程,任务重、时间长、要求高。各级各部门必须着眼长远,立足当前,扎实工作,稳步推进,坚持不懈地把生态市建设的各项工作落到实处。 1、加强领导,落实责任,健全创建机制 生态市建设是一项复杂的系统工程,涉及到全市上下各级、各部门、各行业,必须切实加强领导,统一认识,协调行动。建立以党政一把手为首,由分管相关工作的副市长、有关部门及重大工程项目的负责人组成的生态市建设领导小组,负责组织生态市建设规划的实施,协调解决生态市建设过程中产生的重大问题,确定各阶段的重点任务。领导小组下设办公室,具体负责协调和处理生态市建设过程中出现的相关问题,并对各项生态建设任务实行目标管理。办公室要保证人员编制到位和资金保障到位。市级各部门、各乡镇(街道)应立足当前,着眼长远,切实加强生态市建设工作领导,明确分管领导,明确职能科室或办公室。同时要加强市级各部门、各乡镇(街道)之间的配合、联系和协调,建立工作通报制度和交流制度,形成分工合作、相互配合、良性互动的工作推动机制。 建立生态市建设首长负责制,把生态市建设作为“一把手”工程。将生态市建设任务的完成情况作为领导干部政绩考核的重要内容,对在生态市建设工作中取得成绩的予以相应的奖励,对严重影响生态市建设或发生生态环境破坏事故的单位和主要领导给予必要的处分。市委、市人大、市政府和市级各部门、各乡镇(街道)要把生态市建设列入重要议事日程。市委、市政府将生态市建设的年度目标、任务纳入对市级各部门、各乡镇(街道)的年度考核内容,并将生态市建设的年度目标、任务逐项分解,下达到各有关部门和乡镇街道,签订目标责任状。并建立生态市建设评估机制和行政效能监察机制,按照生态市建设评价指标体系与考核评价制度,对全市及各乡镇、各部门生态市建设进展情况进行动态评估,科学地分析和评价生态市建设的成效和阶段性成果。市级有关部门、单位要严格按照生态市建设的职责要求,把生态市建设内容结合到本部门的重点工作中。各乡镇(街道)要按照生态市建设目标责任书要求,抓紧制订工作计划,切实抓好落实。使建设任务落实到基层,实现任务到人,措施到位,确保生态市建设工作卓成有效。 2、抓好项目,落实政策,保障创建成效 建设生态市,关键要抓项目。没有一定数量、质量的项目,建设生态市就是空中楼阁。抓住了项目,也就是抓住了生态市建设的“牛鼻子”。我们在招商引资活动中,要利用生态品牌引项目、争项目、建项目。重点是抓好生态项目的开发、筛选、包装、申报和实施工作,以生态项目推动生态市建设,促进经济发展。要选择对生态市建设、上虞经济社会发展带动力强、社会效益好、近期可以启动的项目,各乡镇(街道)、各部门要拓宽思路,多思考、多挖掘。凡是可以利用生态条件,可以挂上生态市建设的项目都可以充分挖掘出来。环保、发计、经贸等部门要加强业务指导,及时综合和筛选。 建设生态市,必须要有相关配套的政策保障。切实加大创建生态市的政策扶持力度,对生态建设和环境保护项目,要优先保证用地、用水、用电,并提供相应的税收优惠和政策倾斜。到2012年,市政府计划安排15亿元的资金用于生态市建设,各乡镇(街道)政府和市级有关部门、单位也要筹措相应的资金用于生态市重点建设项目。充分发挥政府资金“四两拨千斤”的杠杆作用和对社会资金的导向作用,坚持以改革的思路,运用企业化、产业化、市场化的机制,鼓励、支持社会资金投向生态市建设,建立和完善政府引导、市场推进、公众参与的多元化投入机制,逐年提高生态环境保护与建设的投入占同期财政总支出的比例,以及全社会生态环境保护与建设的投入占国内生产总值的比例。建立生态环境保护专项资金,市财政每年拨出300万元资金,专项奖励、补助生态建设、环境保护、发展生态经济、开展清洁生产、创建生态镇(街道)村等项目和在生态市建设工作中表现突出的单位和个人。制定鼓励退耕还林优惠政策,加大退耕还林工作力度。建立自然资源与环境有偿使用机制和生态环境恢复补偿机制,对资源受益者征收资源开发补偿费和生态环境补偿费。 3、强化宣传,全民参与,营造创建氛围 充分利用广播、电视、报刊和网络等媒体,拓宽思想,创新载体,多渠道、多层次、多形式地开展生态市建设的舆论宣传,进行多种形式的生态环境教育和科普宣传教育,使生态市建设家喻户晓,深入人心。使单位和市民明确自己在生态环境建设方面的责任和义务,增强社会各界的环保意识和生态意识。加强消费引导,大力推行绿化消费和可持续消费,在全社会形成自觉保护生态环境的风尚。把生态文化建设作为社会主义精神文明建设的重要组成部分来培育和弘扬。通过“贴近实际、贴近生活、贴近群众”的宣传教育,在广大干部群众中广泛开展生态文明观和文明发展观教育,促进生产方式、生活方式和消费观念的转变。牢固树立环境就是资源,环境就是财富,环境就是生产力,环境就是竞争力的观念,使人民群众像关注经济增长数字那样关注环境质量的改善,像关心社会稳定那样关心环境安全。在全市上下形成不重视生态的政府是不清醒的政府、不重视生态的干部是不称职的干部、不重视生态的企业是没有希望的企业、不重视生态的公民是不具备现代文明意识和公民这样一种共识。 建立完善的公众参与机制,畅通交流渠道。充分发挥各级人大代表、政协委员的法律和民主监督作用,进一步加大新闻媒体、社会各界及群众的舆论监督力度,表扬先进典型,揭露违法行为,完善有奖举报制度。建立环保问题公众听证会制度,不定期地公布环境状况和环保工作的信息,扩大公众对环境的知情权,如重点污染源的污染物排放信息等,为公众关注环保、参与环境监督和咨询提供必要条件。把开展生态市建设切实转化为各级各部门和全社会的自觉行动,实现生态市建设的良性互动和可持续发展。
我们倡导:转变观念和思路,加强引导,树立绿色低碳发展观。发展绿色低碳经济、促进可持续发展是人类社会未来发展的必然选择。政府部门要从政策层面上支持和引导大力发展绿色低碳产业,引导、支持社会树立绿色发展和低碳发展的理念。以发展绿色低碳经济实践和探索为起点,寻求适合国情的绿色低碳经济发展模式。为遏止气候变化不断恶化的势头,积极采取自主行动,从多种环节入手,节能减排降耗,减轻环境灾害,切实履行量化减排义务我们希望:加强科技创新,提倡低碳生活,建设生态环境。世界各国、全球企业应负担起共同但有区别的责任,应对资源环境压力。以已开展的生态环境保护治理为榜样,寻求经济发展新模式,承担企业社会责任,加大节能减排和低碳技术的研发,加快节能环保和装备的推广应用,推动技术创新和制度创新,发展低碳能源技术,推行能源高效利用、清洁能源开发、绿色GDP核算等研究,建立低碳经济发展模式和低碳社会生活消费模式我们期待:开展低碳技术国际交流,发展碳排放权交易国际合作。加强政府间国际合作,进而推动企业合作,有序推进低碳生态产业转移,促进低碳和生态经济在全球的合理分布和共同发展。积极建立环境权益交易市场,探索清洁发展机制,推动全球统一碳交易市场形成,改善发展中国家的碳定价权我们努力:推广发展低碳绿色金融的成功经验,积极探索发展绿色低碳经济的投融资途径,不断探索创新投融资机制,将减排降碳纳入金融体系的服务范畴,制定和完善符合国情的促进低碳产业发展的经济激励措施,利用碳金融体系的支撑使碳减排获得持续不断的融资,从碳减排权中提高能效及可持续发展的收益,努力争取全球低碳经济竞争的主动权