陶瓷艺术的论文题目大全初中英语
陶瓷艺术的论文题目大全初中英语
⒈陶艺是_陶瓷艺术_的简称,是陶瓷制造和审美艺术的完美结合⒉仰韶文化:公元_1921_年,首次在河南蝇池县仰韶村发现得名制陶工艺特点是_泥条成型和彩绘装饰_,代表作品是_人面彩陶盆_⒊龙山文化:公元前_1928_年,发现于山东章丘龙山镇而得名制陶工艺特点是_轮制陶器____,代表作品是__蛋壳高柄杯_⒋中国自唐宋以来,瓷器远销世界各地,在欧洲各国特别畅销,被称为"瓷器之国",英文"CHINA"的原意为_瓷器_⒌在宋代,闻名于世的五大名窑为:_官__汝__定__哥__钧_其中的"哥窑"窑址在_龙泉_⒍陶瓷按用途主要分为:_艺术瓷_、_日用瓷_、_建筑瓷_、_卫生瓷_特种瓷等。⒎制作泥条有那些方法:_手工搓制和机压_制作泥板有那些方法:_手工拍制和机压_⒏陶与瓷有哪些主要区别?外观的粗狂与精致,声音的沉闷和清脆,胎质的细腻与粗糙,吸水率的大与小等⒐想一想,你知道陶艺(制陶)有哪些基本技法?手工制作,模具,机压等等⒑原始人为生活发现陶器,陶艺家为展现自己的思想和个性创作陶艺作品,通过<<陶艺>>课的学习,你有何体会、建议和要求?
又来个二中的 、擦 、不发书 、
论陶瓷之种类论近代陶瓷工业的发展
= =尼玛 还真是2中的
陶瓷的美学艺术论文题目大全初中英语
CiZao territory along the stream of ancient sites, more numerous, early in the 1950s, the Palace Museum ChenWanLi FengXianMing, Mr CiZao kiln for such had survey, Thereafter, xiamen university, quanzhou museum of human JiaoTongShi overseas JinJiangXian museums, museums, museums in fujian province as the unit of the researchers have done a lot of research work, and have tried to dig, local large specimens, found in the southern dynasty - In January of this place, Tang and five six sites, 12 this song and yuan dynasties, Qing This 7 The song and yuan dynasties, TongZiShan spider mountain sites, soil sites include the tail set this mountain sites, CiZao referred to as listed in the first batch of fujian, this unit of provincial In this mountain, song dynasty xikou retaining golden hill sites listed jinjiang municipal units of cultural relics CiZao kiln product variety, the shape of The breed with life daily utensils for bulk, in addition to display device, building materials, Life in the vessel is bowl, plate, lamp, disc, basin, bowls, wash, cans, cylinder, urn, pot, bottle, lamp, dishes, lamp, ZhiHu, water injection, army, must hold pillow etc, porcelain, Display device are furnace, sweet fume, vase, flowerpot, animals, plants and animals YanDi fractal model (such as lions, tigers, tortoise, toad, peach, etc), and other like such a piggy bank, waist, can artifacts, Building decoration materials, Among them, huang painted iron army, the market, the decorative plate is green glair for export products, dragon urn is the most local The CiZao kiln chinaware TaiZhi general grayish, particle TaiZhi thicker, dense Also because of this, the porcelain clay glair place more womb a yellowish-white But generally only half glaze, was in no Glaze can be classified into five categories, namely green glair, sauce black glaze, huang, green and yellow green glair Green glair in bowls, disc, lamp, port, basin, caddy, pot, ZhiHu, army, lamp, holding furnace, sweet fume, etc in green glair color; add brown under Many in the dark glaze sauce bowl, the lamp, lamp, cans, pot, ZhiHu, water injection, furnace waist, such as, some of the light side or bowl, the mouth ShiQing glaze, along the sauce black glazed, Yellow green glair is in bottles, cans, army, hold, water injection, basin, plate, furnace, pillow, birds and animals eat model, Some for the yellow color glaze, green glair, green glair is much "silver" return, Some are yellow and green glair with n a Adornment gimmick, picking flowers, there MoYin, DiaoLou, glazing and coloured drawing or pattern, Decoration pattern has flowers (Ephraim, chrysanthemum, peony flowers, tangle, flowers, ), the grass (grass), the melon leng, melons, chicken, and stroke, YunLei, string he grain, the cloud, water color and spread point, especially in the dragon In the jinjiang county annals "have" China township, take a focal porcelain kiln, and the earth open BoZi, cylinder, the size of the urn what genera, and give the " The Based on the field investigation and CiZao kiln relevant archaeological data, in Japan and the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Kenya, south east Asia, southeast Asia Nation in the east and have CiZao kiln In these countries, some of the museum, the museum collections often works, thus the kiln, CiZao kiln is an important area of export The army, bottle, ZhiHu, cans, disc is a song period of the main export Among them, the army is dedicated to people in southeast Asia and the religious activities, "Dragon" production since Ming dynastiy urn, follow, but also continuously domestic exports to southeast A During the Ming and qing dynasties, CiZao to burn a daily ceramics, thick, with overseas Chinese still marketing of going abroad, porcelain making technology also spread throughout southeast, promote the development of local ceramic technology, such as the Philippines meters of land "neville" fires, CiZao WuXing overseas Chinese porcelain is Until recently, still have many overseas Chinese in this camp, imparting CiZao kiln is China's southeastern coast, with the important export ceramic kilns, is a strong kiln of local characteristics and style of the Its location - near quanzhou harbor port, make its export condition is At the same time, it is closely related to the rise in quanzhou port quanzhou in song and yuan dynasties, when the traffic and foreign trade reached its peak, is the development of CiZao kiln production period of Some of the CiZao kiln product is specially designed for export and fire, such as army as may be to adapt to the southeast Asia and religious life of furnace burn CiZao artifacts, the products implement class colorful, although is extensive, but it should be pointed out that special features, CiZao kiln unearthed some porcelain sculpture, deep eye high nose figure, vividly reflected quanzhou sea port of song and yuan dynasties "rise in birth "But CiZao ceramic in Ming dynasty, because when the glazed products mainly of extinction, cylinder, pot, cans, disc, production and sale of demand, How to position yourself? ChongZou ancestors certainly not, then the path of people are turning to architectural In 1979, CiZao WuJinShi people, through many thousands of practice in the ancient kiln burned modern glazed Since the start CiZao on real significance of ceramic enterprise, the development of extraordinary After more than ten years of development, CiZao town as the five big building ceramic production base, become one of national xinghuo regional ceramic materials pillar industrial technology innovation, national ceramics industry in fujian province, the demonstration base of science and technology, and has ShiFanZhen ceramic group, advanced kiln production line 15 more than Output value over 100 million yuan of enterprise group has 6, the value of the enterprise has super million, the building materials CiZao 159 products sold throughout the country, the exterior wall tiles yield an equivalent to two thirds of the Almost the glazed CiZao town by an unknown technocrat rural town has become MinDongNa economic For many years in fujian province and comprehensive economic strength strong June 2000, Chinese sanitary ceramics association awarded "China ceramic town" honorary 磁灶境内古窑址多沿溪分布,数量众多,早在二十世纪五十年代,故宫博物院陈万里,冯先铭等先生就对磁灶窑进行过调查;其后,厦门大学人类博物馆、泉州海外交通史博物馆、福建省博物馆、晋江县博物馆等单位的研究人员均对其进行了大量的调查工作,并进行过局部试掘,采集到大量标本,发现了南朝至清代的二十六处窑址。其中南朝窑址1处;唐、五代窑址6处;宋元时期窑址12处;清代窑址7处。宋元时期的蜘蛛山窑址、童子山窑址、土尾庵窑址、大坪山窑址统称为磁灶窑址,列为福建省第一批省级文物单位。南朝溪口山窑址、宋代金交椅山窑址列为晋江市级文物保护单位 磁灶窑产品品种繁多,器形多样。其品种以生活日用器皿为大宗,此外还有陈设器、建筑材料等。生活日用器皿中有碗、盘、盏、碟、盆、钵、洗、罐、缸、瓮、壶、瓶、灯、盂、盏托、执壶、水注、军持、急须、瓷枕等;陈设器则有炉,香熏、花瓶、花盆、动物形砚滴、动植物模型(如狮、虎、龟、蟾蜍、寿桃、力士像等),以及其它如腰鼓、扑满、鸟食罐等器物;建筑材料有装饰板等。其中,黄釉铁绘花纹大盘、军持、青釉碟是专供外销的产品,龙瓮是最具地方特色的。 磁灶窑瓷器的胎质一般呈灰色,颗粒较粗,胎质不够致密。也正因为此,瓷器胎土施釉处多上一层黄白色化妆土。但一般仅施半釉,器内无釉。釉可分为五大类,即青釉、酱黑釉、黄釉、绿釉与黄绿釉。青釉多见于碗、碟、盏、钵、盆、小罐、壶、执壶、军持、灯、炉、香熏等器物,有的还在青釉下添加褐彩;酱黑釉多施于碗、盏、盏托、罐、壶、执壶、水注、炉、腰鼓等器物,有的如碗、盏里侧或口沿施青釉,外施酱黑釉;黄绿釉则见于瓶、壶、罐、军持、水注、盆、盘、炉、枕、鸟食罐及动植物模型等;有的为单色的黄釉、绿釉,绿釉器多有“返银”现象;有的则黄、绿釉同施一器。装饰手法有刻划、剔花、模印、雕镂、施釉及彩绘等。装饰纹样有花卉(莲、菊、牡丹、缠枝花、折枝花等)、草叶(卷草)、瓜棱、瓜、凤,以及篦划、云雷、弦纹、卷云、水波及点彩、文字等,其中尤以龙纹最具特色。 在《晋江县志》中就有“瓷器出瓷灶乡,取地土开窑,烧大小钵子、缸、瓮之属,甚饶足,并过洋。”的记载。通过对磁灶窑的实地调查和有关考古资料证实,历年来日本、菲律宾、印度尼西亚、马来西亚、新加坡、泰国、斯里兰卡、肯尼亚等东亚、东南亚、南亚和东非国家中多有磁灶窑产品出土。在这些国家的一些博物馆、美术馆,常收藏有该窑作品,由此,证明磁灶窑是一处重要的外销陶瓷产地。 军持、瓶、执壶、罐、碟等是宋元时期大量外销的主要产品。其中,军持是专门适应东南亚人民进行宗教活动需要而烧制的;“龙瓮”的生产自宋明至今,沿袭不断,除了内销外还输出到东南亚各国。明清时期,磁灶以烧制单一的日用粗陶为主,仍运销海外,随着华侨的大批出国,制瓷技术也传播南洋各地,促进当地陶瓷工艺的发展,例如菲律宾米岸烧制的“文奈”瓷器,就是磁灶吴姓华侨传授的。直到近代,仍有众多华侨在海外操营此业,传授技艺。 磁灶窑是我国东南沿海地区,以烧造外销陶瓷为主的重要窑口,是具有浓量的地方特色和时代风格的民窑。它所处的地理位置---濒临泉州港口岸,使其外销条件优越。同时,它与泉州港的兴衰密切相关,当泉州在宋元时期对外交通和贸易达到鼎盛的时候,也正是磁灶窑生产发展昌盛的时期。磁灶窑的某些产品是专门为外销而烧造的,如军持等可能是为适应东南亚各地宗教性生活而接受的定烧器物,磁灶窑的产品器类丰富多彩,虽然比较粗放但却颇具特色,特别应指出的,磁灶窑出土的一些瓷雕塑,深目高鼻的人物形象,生动地反映了泉州港宋元时期“涨海声中万国商”的景象。 但磁灶的陶瓷在明清之后,由于宋时釉彩等工艺的的失传,产品主要以缸、壶、罐、碟为主,生产和销路窄小,市场需求低。如何定位自己?重走祖辈们的老路肯定不行,于是人们把目光投向了建筑陶瓷。1979年,磁灶人吴金世,历经多次的实践终于在千百年的古窑里烧出了现代的釉面砖。磁灶从此开始了真正意义上的跨越,建陶企业得到了超常规模的发展。 经过十几年艰苦的发展,磁灶镇作为全国5大建筑陶瓷生产基地之一,成为国家级星火区域性陶瓷建材支柱产业区、国家级技术创新陶瓷工业示范基地、福建省第三批科技示范镇,目前,拥有建陶集团15家,先进辊道窑生产线300多条。产值超亿元的企业集团有6家,产值超千万元的企业有159家,磁灶的建材产品畅销全国各地,外墙砖产量一项就相当于全国产量的三分之二。琉璃瓦几乎垄断全国的市场。磁灶镇由原来名不见经传的乡村小镇一跃成为闽东南经济重镇。连续多年综合经济实力位居福建省10强乡镇前列。2000年6月,被中国建筑卫生陶瓷协会授予“中国陶瓷重镇”荣誉称号。
陶瓷艺术品随着人门生活水平提高了需要精神文化水平乜相继提升如古代陶瓷艺术品代表当时历史文化政治经济宗教信仰以及生产生活如宋代五大名瓷代表中国陶瓷艺术最高成就
Pottery is made by forming a clay body into objects of a required shape and heating them to high temperatures in a kiln to induce reactions that lead to permanent changes, including increasing their strength and hardening and setting their There are wide regional variations in the properties of clays used by potters and this often helps to produce wares that are unique in character to a It is common for clays and other minerals to be mixed to produce clay bodies suited to specific Prior to some shaping processes, air trapped within the clay body needs to be This is called de-airing and can be accomplished by a machine called a vacuum pug or manually by Wedging can also help to ensure an even moisture content throughout the Once a clay body has been de-aired or wedged, it is shaped by a variety of After shaping it is dried before There are a number of stages in the drying Leather-hard refers to the stage when the clay object is approximately 75-85% Clay bodies at this stage are very firm and only slightly Trimming and handle attachment often occurs at the leather-hard Clay bodies are said to be "bone-dry" when they reach a moisture content at or near 0% Unfired objects are often termed Clay bodies at this stage are very fragile and hence can be easily It is believed that the earliest pottery wares were hand built and fired in Firing times were short but the peak-temperatures achieved in the fire could be high, perhaps in the region of 900 degrees Celsius, and were reached very Clays tempered with sand, grit, crushed shell or crushed pottery were often used to make bonfire-fired ceramics, because they provided an open body texture that allows water and other volatile components of the clay to escape The coarser particles in the clay also acted to restrain shrinkage within the bodies of the wares during cooling, which was carried out slowly to reduce the risk of thermal stress and In the main, early bonfire-fired wares were made with rounded bottoms, to avoid sharp angles that might be susceptible to The earliest intentionally constructed kilns were pit-kilns or trench-kilns; holes dug in the ground and covered with Holes in the ground provided insulation and resulted in better control over The earliest known ceramic objects are Gravettian figurines such as those discovered at Dolni Vestonice in the modern-day Czech R The Venus of Dolní Věstonice (Věstonická Venuše in Czech) is a Venus figurine, a statuette of a nude female figure dated to 29,000–25,000 BCE (Gravettian industry) The earliest pottery vessel found to date was excavated from the Yuchanyan Cave in southern China and the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in 2009 reports that the ware dates back to 18,000 years Pottery vessels made by the Incipient Jōmon people of Japan from around 10,500 BCE have also been The term "Jōmon" means "cord-marked" in J This refers to the markings made on clay vessels and figures using sticks with cords wrapped around Pottery which dates back to 10,000 BCE have also been excavated in C It appears that pottery was independently developed in North Africa during the tenth millennium and in South America during the seventh millennium The earliest history of pottery production can be divided into 4 periods namely; the Hassuna period (5000 - 4,500 BCE), the Halaf period (4,500 - 4000 BCE), the Ubaid period (4000 - 3000 BCE), and the Uruk period (3,500 - 2000 BCE) The invention of the potter's wheel in Mesopotamia sometime between 6,000 and 4,000 BCE (Ubaid period) revolutionized pottery Specialized potters were then able to meet the expanding needs of the world's first Pottery was in use in ancient India during the Mehrgarh Period II (5500 - 4800 BCE) and Merhgarh Period III (4800 - 3500 BCE), known as the ceramic Neolithic and Pottery, including items known as the ed-Dur vessels, originated in regions of the Indus valley and has been found in a number of sites in the Indus valley In the Mediterranean, during the Greek Dark Ages (1100–800 BCE), artists used geometric designs such as squares, circles and lines to decorate amphoras and other The period between 1500-300 BCE in ancient Korea is known as the Mumun Pottery PThe quality of pottery has varied historically, in part dependent upon the repute in which the potter's craft was held by the community[citation needed] For example, in the Chalcolithic period in Mesopotamia, Halafian pottery achieved a level of technical competence and sophistication, not seen until the later developments of Greek pottery with Corinthian and Attic ware[citation needed] The distinctive Red Samian ware of the Early Roman Empire was copied by regional potters throughout the E The Dark Age period saw a collapse in the quality of European pottery which did not recover in status and quality until the European Renaissance[citation 这是平行文本相关翻译:陶器,是用黏土或陶土经捏制成形后烧制而成的器具,陶器的英文"pottery"可以同时指土器(earthenware)、陶器、石陶器(stoneware)及瓷器的集合。陶器历史悠久,在新石器时代就已初见简单粗糙的陶器。陶器在古代作为一种生活用品,在现在一般作为工艺品收藏。一般认为最早的陶器是手制的,并在篝火(bonfires)烧制。烧制时间短但火达到的最高温度可以很高,约在900℃左右,而且达到的速度很快。黏土与沙、砂砾、打碎的贝壳或打碎的陶器调合后会被用来制造篝火烧制陶瓷器,这是因为它们提供了一个开放的坯体质地令水及其他挥发性成分可以轻易离开。黏土中较粗糙的粒子亦会发挥在冷却时限制陶器坯体内部收缩的作用,此过程以缓慢速度进行,并减低热应力及破裂的危机。早期以篝火烧制的陶器主要是圆底的,用意是避免尖锐的角令破裂容易发生。最早有目的而建设的窑是穴窑(pit kiln)或沟窑(trench kiln),即在地面掘一个洞再在上面铺满燃料。在地面的洞提供了隔离层,令烧制过程可以有更佳的控制。中国最早的陶器出现于新石器时代早期。大约在距今15000年左右,首先在中国南方可能已经开始制陶的试验,到距今9000年左右大致完成了陶器的发明和探索。1962年于江西万年县仙人洞遗址发现的圆底罐,其年代据放射性碳素测试为公元前6875±240年,为夹砂红陶,外表有绳纹。裴李岗文化(公元前5500~前4900年)中的陶器则多为泥质或夹砂红陶,亦有少量灰陶。在接下来的磁山文化(公元前5400年~前5100年)、大地湾文化(公元前5200年~前4800年)、仰韶文化、马家窑文化、大汶口文化、龙山文化可以看出古代中国人的制陶工艺不断发展,品质提高,种类增多。在中国,彩陶出现在公元前4000年左右。"半坡彩陶"为仰韶文化的一部分,在1953年首先于陕西西安市半坡村被发现,主要包含水壶及碗等。一开始它们上面纯粹为红色,但陶器上渐渐有独特的符号,称为半坡陶符,纹饰有动物纹、几何纹、编织纹等。此后在临近各省也发现了类似的陶器。在公元前2500年至2000年的龙山文化中,出现了黑陶,这是中国制陶工艺的一次高峰。 在商朝,有理论认为是当时印欧语系的游牧民族带来陶轮的技术,令陶器量产化。在周朝,以陶轮制作的陶器会以更高温烧制,令其硬度增加,同时亦会使用绿色的釉料。秦朝的陶俑兵马俑成为当时最具代表性的陶器,而在此时陶器的描绘主题由动物转变为人。在汉朝,陶器的描绘主题由为佛教的传播而出现了佛的形象。到了唐朝,中国出现了白色的陶瓷,而同时亦出现了其他陶像,唐三彩成为当时艺术精华的代表。到了宋朝,因为瓷器技术开始成熟令中国的陶器的辉煌被瓷器完全盖过。此后中国的陶瓷器重点便落在瓷器上。然而明清的紫砂壶等陶器乃至近代的江苏宜兴、广东石湾的陶器工艺仍然有非常高的水准。
Abstract: Chinese traditional blue and white porcelain,white pottery and porcelain decorated under the glaze with a blue pigment,is elegant,bright,gorgeous,and long-Its unique artistic connotation is the perfect joint of traditional and modern This dissertation concludes the formation and progress of its characteristics,and discusses the development of modern blue and white Key words: blue and white porcelain,development,discussion 你可以去nciku(n词酷)网看看
陶瓷艺术的论文题目大全高中英语
论陶瓷之种类论近代陶瓷工业的发展
Ceramic processOne, wash kaolin is the best raw materials for firing porcelain, for thousands of years, how many high-quality goods ceramics are from these humble clay evolved, the first process porcelain: Amoy mud, is to wash into usable porcelain Two, pile of mud Amoy good porcelain clay could not immediately use, to separate, pile into the column, to facilitate the storage and the Three, the good will of porcelain clay into a large turntable, by rotating the turntable, hands and drawing tools, will pull into a porcelain porcelain Four, Indian slab pull porcelain good is only a prototype, but also need to do shape selecting different impression will porcelain printing into various Five, trimming the freshly printed rough uneven thickness, through the process of trimming printed blank shaving neat and Six, Na Na water water is an essential procedure, namely, use clean water to remove the dust on the blank, prepare for the next draw billet, glaze Seven, paint painting blank in blank is one of the characteristics of ceramic art, painting blank has many kinds, a style, a good paste paper sketches, no matter how painting blanks are ceramic process Eight, glazed porcelain painting good, rough and Daise, good glaze is completely different, smooth and bright: glazing technique is different, have different Nine, kiln the Millennium kiln fire, which does not stop, after dozens of tools carved fine porcelain, subjected to thousands of degrees firing in the kiln, just like an ugly duckling into a beautiful swan will Ten, after several days of Shaolian porcelain, porcelain kiln has become pieces of fine porcelain, from the open door to talent showing itself unable to hold oneself back
"陶瓷"是一种通称,"陶"和"瓷"在质地上、物理性能上有很大区别。中国是最早制造陶器的国家之一,是最早发明瓷器的国家。 陶器的出现大约在距今1万年左右,中国进入新石器时代,开始了定居生活,盛水、蓄物等日常生活的需要,促使了陶器的发明。中国陶器的分布比较广泛,主要集中的在黄河流域和长江流域。其中仰韶文化是新石器时期比较有代表性的文化类型,以彩陶为特点,也称"彩陶文化",它派生出半坡和庙底沟两个类型,装饰图案有很高的艺术价值。马家窑文化是新石器晚期的文化类型,比仰韶文化略晚,距今约5000年。黑陶是继彩陶之后的又一伟大创造发明,距今约4000年的龙山文化时期,出现了工艺独特的蛋壳陶。近些年来,山东、河北一带多有仿制,有较高的收藏价值。秦汉时期的陶俑,是我国古代人物雕塑的高峰,使制陶技术和艺术达到了很高的境地。此外,唐代的三彩器、明清两代的紫砂器等,都是中国陶器文物的重要内容,很值得深入收藏和研究。 陶瓷(Ceramics),陶器和瓷器的总称。陶瓷的传统概念是指所有以粘土等无机非金属矿物为原料的人工工业产品。它包括由粘土或含有粘土的混合物经混炼,成形,煅烧而制成的各种制品。由最粗糙的土器到最精细的精陶和瓷器都属于它的范围。对于它的主要原料是取之于自然界的硅酸盐矿物(如粘土、长石、石英等),因此与玻璃、水泥、搪瓷、耐火材料等工业,同属于"硅酸盐工业"(Silicate Industry)的范畴。 陶瓷的发展史是中华文明史的一个重要的组成部分,中国作为四大文明古国之一,为人类社会的进步和发展做出了卓越的贡献,其中陶瓷的发明和发展更具有独特的意义,中国历史上各朝各代不同艺术风格和不同技术特点。英文中的"china"既有中国的意思,又有陶瓷的意思,清楚地表明了中国就是"陶瓷的故乡"。changaiyin 早在欧洲人掌握瓷器制造技术一千多年前,中国人就已经制造出很精美的陶瓷器。中国是世界上最早应用陶器的国家之一,而中国瓷器因其极高的实用性和艺术性而备受世人的推崇。 所谓陶器和瓷器是指用可塑性制瓷粘土和瓷石矿做胎体,用长石和石英等原料制釉,并且通过成型、干燥、烧制而成的制品,主要有日用、艺术、和建筑陶器等三种。考古发现已经证明中国人早在新石器时代(约公元前8000)就发明了陶器。原始社会晚期出现的农业生产使中国人的祖先过上了比较固定的生活,客观上对陶器有了需求。人们为了提高生活的方便,提高生活质量,逐渐通过烧制粘土烧制出了陶器。 随着近代科学技术的发展,近百年来又出现了许多新的陶瓷品种。它们不再使用或很少使用粘土、长石、石英等传统陶瓷原料,而是使用其他特殊原料,甚至扩大到非硅酸盐,非氧化物的范围,并且出现了许多新的工艺。美国和欧洲一些国家的文献已将"Ceramic"一词理解为各种无机非金属固体材料的通称。因此陶瓷的含义实际上已远远超越过去狭窄的传统观念了。 迄今为止,陶瓷器的界说似可概括地作如下描述:陶瓷是用铝硅酸盐矿物或某些氧化物等为主要原料,依照人的意图通过特定的物理化学工艺在高温下以一定的温度和气氛制成的具有一定型式的工艺岩石。表面可施釉或不施釉,若干瓷质还具有不同程度的半透明度,通体是由一种或多种晶体或与无定形胶结物及气孔或与熟料包裹体等微观结构组成。 陶瓷工业是硅酸盐工业的主要分支之一,属于无机化学工业范围但现代科学高度综合,互相渗透,从整个陶瓷工业制造工艺的内容来分析,它的错综复杂与牵涉之广,显然不是仅用无机化学的理论所能概括的。 陶瓷制品的品种繁多,它们之间的化学成分矿物组成,物理性质,以及制造方法,常常互相接近交错,无明显的界限,而在应用上却有很大的区别。因此很难硬性地归纳为几个系统,详细的分类法各家说法不一,到现在国际上还没有一个统一的分类方法。"Ceramic" is a generic term, "Tao" and "Porcelain" in texture, the physical properties there are very China was among the first to create one of the countries of pottery, porcelain was one of the first The emergence of pottery dating back about 1 million years or so, China has entered the New Stone Age, began to settle in life, water, with objects of daily life, such as the need to promote the invention of Chinese pottery wider distribution, mainly in the Yangtze River and Yellow River B Yangshao culture which is the New Stone Age culture more representative of the type, characterized by painted pottery, also known as the "painted pottery culture", which derived Banpo and Miao Digou two types of decorative patterns, has high artistic Majiayao culture is the culture of the late New Stone Age type than a little late Yangshao culture, since about Black painted pottery is the second after another great invention, since about 4000 the Longshan Culture period, there has been a unique process of eggshell In recent years, Shandong, Hebei and more in the vicinity of imitation, there is a high value for Qin and Han Dynasty pottery figurine of China's ancient sculpture of the peak figure, so that the ceramic technology and the arts reached a high In addition, three of the color of the Tang Dynasty, the Ming and Qing dynasties such as Yixing, China is an important aspect of pottery relics, it is worthy of collection and Ceramics (Ceramics), the general term for pottery and Ceramic refers to the traditional concept of all inorganic non-metallic minerals such as clay as raw material of artificial industrial It consists of clay from or containing a mixture of clay by kneading, molding, and calcined made of a variety of By the most rough-earth to the most refined of the fine pottery and porcelain are For its main raw materials are derived from natural silicate minerals (such as clay, feldspar, quartz, ), and glass, cement, ceramic, refractory material, such as industry, with an "industrial silicate" (Silicate Industry ) A The history of ceramics is the history of Chinese civilization is an important part of China, as one of the four ancient civilizations, human development and social progress made outstanding contributions, including the invention of ceramics and the development of a more unique significance , The history of China-North Korea on behalf of all the different artistic styles and different technical English of "china" China not only mean, ceramics and mean, clearly demonstrates China is the "hometown of " changaiyin As early as the Europeans have porcelain manufacturing technology over 1000 years ago, Chinese people have created a very fine China is the world's first application of one of the countries pottery, and porcelain from China for its high artistic quality and relevance of the world have attracted much The so-called pottery and porcelain refers to the use of plastic ware and porcelain clay quarry to do matrix, quartz and feldspar, and other raw materials-glaze, and through the forming, drying, firing from the products, mainly for daily use, art, and architecture Three Archaeological discoveries have proved that the Chinese people as early as the Neolithic Age (about 8000 BC) invented The emergence of primitive society with advanced agricultural production so that the ancestors of the Chinese people lead a life of a relatively fixed, the objective of pottery with the In order to improve people's lives easier, improve the quality of life, gradually burn through the burning out of the clay With the development of modern science and technology, and the past 100 years there have been many new varieties of They no longer use or the use of small clay, feldspar, quartz and other traditional ceramic materials, but the use of other special materials, and even extended to non-silicate, non-oxide scope, and there have been a lot of new The United States and some European countries have literature "Ceramic" understanding of the term for a variety of solid inorganic non-metallic materials Therefore, the meaning of ceramics in fact go far beyond the traditional concept in the past the To date, the Definition of ceramics may be generally described as follows: The ceramic is aluminum silicate minerals such as oxides or as the main raw material, in accordance with the intention of people through specific physical and chemical processes at a high temperature to a certain degree of Temperature and atmosphere made of a certain type of rock Glazing may be on the surface or glazing, porcelain has a number of different levels of transparency and a half, the species by one or more of the crystal and amorphous or cement and clinker with pores or inclusions, such as micro- Portland ceramic industry is one of the main branches of industry, belong to the scope of inorganic chemical However, modern science and highly integrated with each other to infiltrate from the ceramic industry as a whole manufacturing process to analyze the contents of its complex and involve wide, is not only Using the theory of inorganic chemistry can be A wide variety of ceramic products, their chemical Mineral composition, physical properties, as well as manufacturing methods, often close to each other staggered, no boundaries, and in the application there is a huge Therefore, it is difficult to be summed up in a few hard and fast system, a detailed classification of the various different view, the international community to now there is no uniform
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陶瓷艺术的论文题目大全初中
毕业论文如下: 目录 1.前言 2.网络营销——促进中小陶瓷企业营销国际化 3.网络营销的主要特点 3.1跨时空营销 3.2互动式营销 3.3定制化营销 3.4低成本营销 4.中小陶瓷企业网络营销的主要策略 4.1产品策略 4.2价格策略 4.3促销策略 4.4渠道策略 4.5营销集成策略 5.结语 致谢6 参考文献7 我国中小陶瓷企业的网络营销策略 xx学院电子商务专业xxx 指导老师xxx 摘要: 分析了电子商务时代给我国陶瓷企业带来的机遇和挑战,并结合实例论述了我国陶瓷企业发展之初实现网络营销应采取的网络营销策略。 关键词: 网络营销,中小陶瓷企业,网络营销策略 1前言 一个企业的生存发展,主要依赖于对市场的拥有程度。 作为企业,在竞争中取胜和极力占领市场的份额是它的最终目的,也是最大限度地获取利润的良方。而在电子商务时代internet的发展使计算机市场营销成为可能,而市场营销的计算机化——网络营销导致企业的营销和管理模式发生了根本的转变,这种营销和管理模式的转变为中小陶瓷企业提供了有利的手段,使它们能够有机会智胜那些过去不可一世的大企业。 中小陶瓷企业因为其规模小实力相对较弱,虽然有很好的技术、产品,但由于信息不通畅,无法使消费者知道并订购自己的产品,使得中小陶瓷企业在其营销过程中存在着其它企业所不存在的诸多难题。而电子商务则为中小陶瓷企业带来先进的信息手段,从而为他们创造了与大企业相对平等的竞争机会和舞台,并带来了良好的发展条件与机遇。一家小陶瓷企业在网上做的广告可以把企业的促销信息传递给世界各地的潜在消费者。因此,我国中小陶瓷企业要想获得长足发展,要想在激烈的营销竞争中立于不败之地,必须树立现代市场营销观念,努力学习国外先进的营销方式,运用科学的营销手段、先进的物流配送方式,探索适用自身的营销策略,实行网络营销,并利用网络营销的优势来提高其竞争力。 2网络营销——促进中小陶瓷企业营销国际化 网络营销(cybermarketing,onlinemarketing)是指借助国际互联网络,实施企业的营销战略和策略,以求实现企业的营销目标。借助于internet,企业可以以较低费用完成以下工作:建立与个人计算机使用者相连的新的销售渠道;接触新的潜在顾客;为深层次广告提供新的渠道,将大量可变信息转化为符合需要的适用信息,收集大量消费者信息,从而使面向消费者的营销活动更明确、更有针对性;建立更为有效的渠道,以自动解决问题、回答消费者问题;敏感地收集消费者反馈,并利用反馈改善产品、服务和销售。 一个陶瓷企业的发展刚刚起步,由于各方面的实力无法与大企业相比,所以很难实现营销国际化。网络的出现,改变了这一切,中小陶瓷企业完全可以利用网络实现营销国际化。以瑞士一家生产火车模型的小企业为例,该企业只有1xxxx员工,其中有xxxx就专门负责外出参展等事宜,并且重点利用网络开展营销,使这家企业的模型火车占据了世界市场份额的4xxxx。瑞士中小企业努力实现网络营销的增值化,通过消费者反馈的信息,加快产品测试过程,积极提供定制服务、个性化服务;在网上提供各种免费咨询,满足消费者的求知欲,促进了产品的国际化。 在网络时代,发展网络营销是促进中小陶瓷企业市场全球化的一种最佳方式。通过网络,中小陶瓷企业可以快捷发布企业最新信息,可以在网页上制作广告宣传企业形象,借助网络收集客户意见,及时把握市场和消费者对企业、产品及服务的需求,作为制定企业经营和市场营销策略的基础。企业可以通过向客户提供某些优惠活动,收集客户的相关资料,建立客户数据库,并在此基础上提供各种延伸服务,以增加销售机会。因此,中小陶瓷企业应积极利用互联网实现产品销售,积极抢占市场。 3网络营销的主要特点 1跨时空营销 营销的最终目的是占有市场份额。由于互联网络具有超越时间约束和空间限制进行信息交换的特点,因此使得脱离时空限制达成交易成为可能。中小陶瓷企业就可能有更多时间和更大空间进行营销,可24小时随时随地的提供全球性营销服务。同时,消费者只需根据自已的喜欢或需要去选择相应的信息加以比较,做出购买的决策,这种轻松自在的选择,不必受时间、地点的限制。 2互动式营销 互联网络提供了中小陶瓷企业与消费者双向交流的通道,中小陶瓷企业可以通过互联网络向消费者展示产品目录,联结资料库提供有关产品信息的查询,制作调查表来搜集消费者的意见,还可以让消费者参与产品的设计、开发,真正作到以消费者为中心,设计出更符合消费者需要的产品和服务。通过这种双向互动的沟通方式,提高了消费者的参与性和积极性,反过来,也提高了企业营销策略的针对性,有助于实现企业的全程营销目标。 3定制化营销 所谓定制化是指中小陶瓷企业利用网络优势,一对一向消费者提供独特化、个性化的产品或服务。网络营销的一个重要思想就是要尽最大努力满足单个消费者的特定消费要求,立足于处理好与每一个消费者的关系,注重发挥互联网的独特优势,不断培养、提高消费者的忠诚度,确保销售持续增长。网络营销可跟踪每个客户的消费习惯和偏好,及时推荐相关产品。 4低成本营销 首先,中小陶瓷企业采购原材料往往是一项程序烦琐的过程。通过电脑网络的商务活动,企业可以加强与主要供应商之间的协作关系,将原材料的采购与产品的制造过程有机地配合起来,形成一体化的信息传递和信息处理体系,从而降低了陶瓷企业的采购成本。陶瓷企业对原材料需求量大,品种繁多,利用网络进行原材料采购及市场营销,足不出户便可得到来源广泛的信息资源,且节省中介费,从而节省大笔资金,降低成本。同时可以毫不费力地货比三家,得到最便宜的原材料,这比传统的采购方式方便得多!因此实行网络营销可使运营成本大幅度降低。 其次,中小陶瓷企业运用网络手段,可以降低促销成本(如广告、调研等费用)。在网上促销的成本只相当于直接邮寄广告费的1/10,利用因特网发布广告的平均费用仅为传统媒体的xxxx。 总之,网络营销是一对一的、理性的、消费者主导的、非强迫性的、循序渐进式的,而且是一种低成本与人性化的营销。 4中小陶瓷企业网络营销的主要策略 1产品策略 作为一种新型媒体,互联网络的运用对传统的产品策略必然会带来冲击,因为就像不同的产品适合采用不同的销售渠道一样,网络营销也有其适用的产品范围和策略。 由于互联网络具有很好的互动性和引导性,消费者通过互联网络在中小陶瓷企业的引导下对陶瓷产品或服务进行选择或提出具体要求。通过网络的良好服务功能,才能赢得消费者的满意,进而建立消费者的忠诚,将陶瓷企业的知名度转化为满意度具体策略主要如下: 利用电子布告栏(bbs)或电子邮件(email)提供线上售后服务或与消费者作双向沟通。 让消费者在网络上充分展示自己的需求并可亲自设计,企业据此为消费者提供产品与服务,比如对陶瓷工艺品的外观、色彩等均可运用该种方式。 在网络上提供与产品相关的专业知识,达到增加产品价值的同时也提高企业形象,如对陶瓷机械维护与保养,陶瓷家电用品的性能、使用和注意事项。 提供网上自动服务系统,依据客户需求,自动适时地利用网络提供有关产品的服务信息。例如,陶瓷机械产品的供应商可在网络上提醒客户有关定期保养的通知等。 2价格策略 价格对陶瓷企业、消费者乃至中间商来说都是最为敏感的问题,而网络上信息自由的特点使这三方面对产品的价格信息都有比较充分的了解。网络上的价格有两个特点: (1)价格弹性化。由于网络营销的互动性,消费者可以和陶瓷企业就产品价格进行协商。另外,陶瓷企业也可以根据每个消费者对陶瓷产品和服务提供的不同要求,来制定相应的价格。 (2)价格趋低化。由于网络营销使陶瓷企业和消费者直接打交道,而不需要传统的中间人,使企业产品开发和促销成本降低,企业可以降低产品的价格促销,又由于互联网的开放性和互动性,陶瓷市场是透明的,消费者可以就产品及价格进行充分的比较和选择。 因此,要求中小陶瓷企业以尽可能低的价格向消费者提供产品和服务,在以市场为导向的营销中,中小陶瓷企业必须以消费者能接受的成本定价。 网上价格策略主要表现在: 网上查询功能可以充分揭示市场相关产品的价格,消费者能理性判断欲购产品价格的合理性。 举办网上会员制,鼓励消费者上网消费,以节省销售渠道的运行成本。 开发智能型网上议价系统,与消费者直接在网络上协商价格。 开发自动调价系统,可以依时间、季节变动,工厂库存情况,市场供需情形,促销活动等自动调整产品价格。 3促销策略 传统的促销是以陶瓷企业为主体,通过一定的媒体或工具对消费者进行联系,而网络促销的出发点是利用网络的特征实现与消费者的沟通,使消费者可以参与陶瓷企业的营销活动中来。这种沟通方式不是传统促销中“推”的形式而是“拉”的形式,不是传统的“强势”营销而是“软”营销,它的主动方是消费者,消费者的需求趋于个性化,他们会在个性化需求的驱动之下自己到网络上寻找相关的消费者信息。中小陶瓷企业可以通过网络受访情况的分析,更能了解消费者的需求,实行有针对性的主动营销,这样更易引起消费者的认同。 网上促销的核心问题是如何吸引消费者,为其提供具有价值诱因的商品信息。但网络手段的运用,使传统的促销活动具有了新的含义和形式。常见的网上促销有如下一些方面: (1)建立虚拟公共关系室。在网络上参与公益部门所举办的各项公益活动及赞助,如希望工程,扶贫救助等;也可结合本陶瓷企业的优势,利用网络推动公共服务。 (2)利用网上对话的功能,举行网上消费者联谊活动或网上记者招待会。这样做,一方面可以跨时空地进行沟通,同时也是一种低成本的促销。 (3)利用网络进行促销活动,包括新陶瓷产品信息提供,促销方式说明,提供折扣券或赠品等,提高消费者上网搜寻及购买产品的意愿。 (4)发布网上广告,与此同时,建立英文版的首页也是中小陶瓷企业国际化不可缺少的推广活动(5)积极参加网络资源索引,尽可能使客户容易查询到公司的推广资料,使其能快速获得所需的商品信息。与非竞争性厂商进行网上促销的策略联盟,利用相互的网上资料库,增加与潜在消费者接触的机会。 4渠道策略 营销渠道,也叫销售渠道或分销渠道,是指产品从生产者转移到消费者或使用者所经过的途径。网络营销是一对一的分销渠道,是跨时空进行销售的,消费者可以随时随地利用互联网络购买相关产品。因此中小陶瓷企业的陶瓷产品的分销应以方便消费者为主。下面列举网络条件下营销渠道可能展现的形态。 在首页设计上采取虚拟实境的手法,设立虚拟商店橱窗,使消费者如同进入实际的商店一般,同时商店的橱窗可顺应时间、季节、促销活动、经营策略等需要,轻易快速地改变设计。 结合相关产业的公司,共同在网络上组织网络商展。消费者一经上网,即可饱览各类相关商品,从而增加上网意愿与消费动机。如生产建筑陶瓷、卫生陶瓷的中小陶瓷企业就可与房地厂商联手举办网络商展活动。 消费者在决定采购后,可采用电子邮件方式进行网上订购。 可在网络上以首页方式设立虚拟经销商或虚拟公司,提供各类的商品目录及必要的售后服务。 此外,网络营销中一个最重要的渠道就是会员网络,会员网络是在中小陶瓷企业建立虚拟组织的基础上形成的网络团体,通过会员制,促进消费者相互间的联系和交流,以及消费者与陶瓷企业的联系和交流,培养消费者对陶瓷企业的忠诚,并把消费者融入陶瓷企业的整个营销过程中,使会员网络的每一个成员都能互惠互利,共同发展。 5营销集成策略 因特网是一种新的市场环境,这一环境不只是对中小陶瓷企业的某一环节和过程,还将对企业组织、运作及管理观念上产生重大影响。一些企业已经迅速融入这一环节,依靠网络与原料商、制造商、消费者等建立了密切的联系,并通过网络收集传递信息,从而根据消费需求,充分利用网络伙伴的生产能力来实现产品设计、制造及销售服务的全过程。这种模式就是网上营销集成,应用这一模式的典型代表有电脑行业cisco、dell等公司。 网上营销集成是对因特网的综合应用,是因特网对传统商业关系的整合,它使中小陶瓷企业真正确立了市场营销的核心地位。中小陶瓷企业的使命不仅是制造产品,还应根据消费者的需求,组合现有的外部资源,高效地输出一种满足这种需求的品牌产品,并提供服务保障。 5结语 网络营销作为一种全新的营销理念,具有很强的实践性,它的发展速度是前所未有的,我国陶瓷企业特别是中小陶瓷企业应积极利用internet开展陶瓷产品的营销,拓展海内外客源渠道,勇于实践,大胆创新,谁能抢得先机,谁就能在未来市场中占据主动。 致谢: 毕业论文终于完稿了,回想一个月来的前期准备、提笔写作和论文修改,我禁不住的热泪盈眶。论文的完稿意味着我毕生难忘的大学生活即将结束,我将离开我可爱的母校,尊敬的老师和亲爱的同学。面对今天已经成稿的毕业论文,我要感谢我的论文指导老师:xx老师,是她用谦虚严谨的治学态度和诲人不倦的传道、授业、解惑精神,帮助我克服种种困难,完成论文的写作。我还要感谢我的父母、同学和所有帮助过我以及给我精神动力的人。感激之情无以言表,只能千言万语汇成一句话:衷心的感谢所有我应该感谢的人,谢谢 另外,站长团上有产品团购,便宜有保证
⒈陶艺是_陶瓷艺术_的简称,是陶瓷制造和审美艺术的完美结合⒉仰韶文化:公元_1921_年,首次在河南蝇池县仰韶村发现得名制陶工艺特点是_泥条成型和彩绘装饰_,代表作品是_人面彩陶盆_⒊龙山文化:公元前_1928_年,发现于山东章丘龙山镇而得名制陶工艺特点是_轮制陶器____,代表作品是__蛋壳高柄杯_⒋中国自唐宋以来,瓷器远销世界各地,在欧洲各国特别畅销,被称为"瓷器之国",英文"CHINA"的原意为_瓷器_⒌在宋代,闻名于世的五大名窑为:_官__汝__定__哥__钧_其中的"哥窑"窑址在_龙泉_⒍陶瓷按用途主要分为:_艺术瓷_、_日用瓷_、_建筑瓷_、_卫生瓷_特种瓷等。⒎制作泥条有那些方法:_手工搓制和机压_制作泥板有那些方法:_手工拍制和机压_⒏陶与瓷有哪些主要区别?外观的粗狂与精致,声音的沉闷和清脆,胎质的细腻与粗糙,吸水率的大与小等⒐想一想,你知道陶艺(制陶)有哪些基本技法?手工制作,模具,机压等等⒑原始人为生活发现陶器,陶艺家为展现自己的思想和个性创作陶艺作品,通过<<陶艺>>课的学习,你有何体会、建议和要求?
陶瓷艺术论文题目大全初中
⒈陶艺是_陶瓷艺术_的简称,是陶瓷制造和审美艺术的完美结合⒉仰韶文化:公元_1921_年,首次在河南蝇池县仰韶村发现得名制陶工艺特点是_泥条成型和彩绘装饰_,代表作品是_人面彩陶盆_⒊龙山文化:公元前_1928_年,发现于山东章丘龙山镇而得名制陶工艺特点是_轮制陶器____,代表作品是__蛋壳高柄杯_⒋中国自唐宋以来,瓷器远销世界各地,在欧洲各国特别畅销,被称为"瓷器之国",英文"CHINA"的原意为_瓷器_⒌在宋代,闻名于世的五大名窑为:_官__汝__定__哥__钧_其中的"哥窑"窑址在_龙泉_⒍陶瓷按用途主要分为:_艺术瓷_、_日用瓷_、_建筑瓷_、_卫生瓷_特种瓷等。⒎制作泥条有那些方法:_手工搓制和机压_制作泥板有那些方法:_手工拍制和机压_⒏陶与瓷有哪些主要区别?外观的粗狂与精致,声音的沉闷和清脆,胎质的细腻与粗糙,吸水率的大与小等⒐想一想,你知道陶艺(制陶)有哪些基本技法?手工制作,模具,机压等等⒑原始人为生活发现陶器,陶艺家为展现自己的思想和个性创作陶艺作品,通过<<陶艺>>课的学习,你有何体会、建议和要求?
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关于陶瓷的毕业论文开题报告的格式(通用)由于开题报告是用文字体现的论文总构想,因而篇幅不必过大,但要把计划研究的课题、如何研究、理论适用等主要问题说清楚,应包含两个部分:总述、提纲。 1 总述开题报告的总述部分应首先提出选题,并简明扼要地说明该选题的目的、目前相关课题研究情况、理论适用、研究方法、必要的数据等等。2 提纲开题报告包含的论文提纲可以是粗线条的,是一个研究构想的基本框架。可采用整句式或整段式提纲形式。在开题阶段,提纲的目的是让人清楚论文的基本框架,没有必要像论文目录那样详细。3 参考文献开题报告中应包括相关参考文献的目录4 要求开题报告应有封面页,总页数应不少于4页。版面格式应符合以下规定。开 题 报 告 学 生: 一、 选题意义 1、 理论意义 2、 现实意义 二、 论文综述 1、 理论的渊源及演进过程 2、 国外有关研究的综述 3、 国内研究的综述 4、 本人对以上综述的评价 三、 论文提纲 前言、 一、1、2、3、�6�1�6�1�6�1 �6�1�6�1�6�1二、1、2、3、�6�1�6�1�6�1 �6�1�6�1�6�1三、1、2、3、结论 四、论文写作进度安排 毕业论文开题报告提纲一、开题报告封面:论文题目、系别、专业、年级、姓名、导师二、目的意义和国内外研究概况三、论文的理论依据、研究方法、研究内容四、研究条件和可能存在的问题五、预期的结果六、进度安排
论陶瓷之种类论近代陶瓷工业的发展