关于压缩机设备的论文摘要怎么写

关于压缩机设备的论文摘要怎么写

空调压缩机过载保护的研究321前言空调器压缩机易受电压、制冷系统工况的影响，在不良的使用环境中，压缩机容易烧毁。作为空调器成本最高的部件，压缩机的保护技术成为空调技术领域必须关注的一个重要课题。在现有的压缩机的保护技术中使用最多的是用电流互感器或温度传感器检测技术，前者是利用电流互感器感应压缩机主电路的电流，通过电流的检测获知压缩机电流，当电流超过设定值时，通过软件的控制断开主回路保护压缩机，电流互感器可以装在室内机或室外机中；温度传感器检测技术是在压缩机的表面安装一个温度传感器，通过检测压缩机的温度来保护压缩机，由于压缩机线圈在内部，其表面与外部的温升相差甚远，温度测量误差较大，在瞬间的过流中，保护效果不理想。以上两种技术需要单片机控制，而且在室内机与室外机之间要增加一至两条连接线，制造成本较高。从有关的实验中发现，压缩机烧毁往往出现在缺少制冷剂并在恶劣的使用环境工况下，压缩机线圈温度与进气压力、制冷剂的数量有关。本文主要讨论在常用的空调器室内机的软件、硬件不变的情况下，利用压力开关作为压力检测器件，在室外机的闲置的空间增加一个检测的电控板，通过对压缩机的压力检测实现压缩机的过载保护。采用这种方案，无需对空调器的原有电路进行更改，通用性极强，可应用于不同型号的空调器，而且室内机无需变化。2控制方案及实现方法1电路原理压缩机压力检测电路原理包括：在压缩机的进气管安装压力开关，以及在室外机安装一个电控板，电控板主要包含5个部分：阻容降压电路、压缩机延时电路、外风机转换电路、压力开关转换电路、三极管控制电路，利用压缩机、外风机、压力开关的信号，通过硬件电路自动实现压缩机进气压力过低等不正常的压力保护，在保护的过程中，不影响空调的启动和空调的除霜。图1为压缩机保护装置检测结构方框图，图2为压缩机保护装置电气原理图。阻容降压电路主要由电阻、电容、压敏电阻、稳压二极管组成，输入端与压缩机线相连接，其作用是将220V的交流电转为低压的12V直流电，作为各电路的供电电源，输出端的12V供给比较器及其偏图1压缩机保护装置检测结构方框原理图置电路、三极管、压力开关等器件，阻容降压电路省略了变压器，成本极低。压缩机延时电路。该电路是保证压缩机运行的前5分钟能正常运行，由于压缩机刚开启的头3分钟，进气管的压力偏低，压力开关打开，压力开关转换电路会出现低压保护信号。压缩机延时电路与压力开关转换电路为并联关系，图3为压缩机延时电路控制逻辑示意图。压缩机开启后，阻容降压电路输出12V供给压缩机延时电路，由于C 3 0 7正在充电，IC304A的2脚输出低电平，当压缩机得电后约5分钟，C307充满电，IC304A的2脚输出由低电平转为高电平，这样压缩机延时电路相当于一个延时5分钟的开关，在压缩机开启头5分钟闭合，超过5分钟后打开，这样保证了压缩机开启的头3分钟能正常运行。外风机转换电路：压缩机除霜时间一般为8至10分钟（如图2），大功率的压缩机除霜期间，进气口处于低压力的时间较长，致使压力开关打开，然而压缩机延时电路只能延时5分钟，这样会出现压缩机除霜超过5分钟后不能除霜的现象，所以需要加入一个外风机转换电路。以比较器芯片为主构成的外风机转换电路相当一个非门电路，图4为外风机转换电路控制逻辑示意图。当外风机线得电时，转换电路输出为高电平；反之转换电路输出为低电平。正常的制热或制冷工况下，外风机得电，IC303光耦PC817导通，IC305C的14脚为高电平；在除霜期间外风机关闭，IC303光耦PC817截止，IC305C的14脚为低电平，这时不论压力开关转换电路处于何种工作状态，压缩机仍可运。压力开关转换电路。将压力开关的进气孔和出气孔串接在压缩机低压的进气管路中，当制冷剂泄漏造成不足，且空调器运行在恶劣的环境工况中，造成压力过低时，压力开关打开，反之，压力开关闭合，有图与我索取全文免费

建议看看下面的资料网，在这里想要谁给现写一篇，可能不会有，因为z这里没人会为了这个区花费一些时间去写的，所以根据我搜集的一些网站来看，希望对你有所帮助，用心去做，不管毕业论文还是平时作业吗，我相信你都可以做好的。毕业论文以及毕业设计的，推荐一个网 这个网站的论文都是以words的形式原封不动的打包上传的，网上搜索不到的，对毕业论文的写作有很大的参考价值，希望对你有所帮助。 论文写作建议看看下面的资料网，在这里想要谁给现写一篇，可能不会有，因为z这里没人会为了这个区花费一些时间去写的，所以根据我搜集的一些网站来看，希望对你有所帮助，用心去做，不管毕业论文还是平时作业吗，我相信你都可以做好的。写作资料也很多，下面给你一些范文资料网： 如果你不是校园网的话，请在下面的网站找： 百万范文网： 分类很细 栏目很多 毕业论文网： 引文数据库： 社科类论文： 经济类论文： 论文之家： 范文网： 如果你是校园网，那就恭喜你了，期刊网里面很多资料 中国知网： 龙源数据库： 万方数据库： 优秀论文杂志 论文资料网 法律图书馆 -/z 法学论文资料库 -/lw/ 中国总经理网论文集 职业经理人论坛 财经学位论文下载中心 公开发表论文_深圳证券交易所 中国路桥资讯网论文资料中心 论文商务中心 ' 法律帝国： 学术论文 论文统计

关于压缩机设备的论文摘要怎样写

空调压缩机过载保护的研究321前言空调器压缩机易受电压、制冷系统工况的影响，在不良的使用环境中，压缩机容易烧毁。作为空调器成本最高的部件，压缩机的保护技术成为空调技术领域必须关注的一个重要课题。在现有的压缩机的保护技术中使用最多的是用电流互感器或温度传感器检测技术，前者是利用电流互感器感应压缩机主电路的电流，通过电流的检测获知压缩机电流，当电流超过设定值时，通过软件的控制断开主回路保护压缩机，电流互感器可以装在室内机或室外机中；温度传感器检测技术是在压缩机的表面安装一个温度传感器，通过检测压缩机的温度来保护压缩机，由于压缩机线圈在内部，其表面与外部的温升相差甚远，温度测量误差较大，在瞬间的过流中，保护效果不理想。以上两种技术需要单片机控制，而且在室内机与室外机之间要增加一至两条连接线，制造成本较高。从有关的实验中发现，压缩机烧毁往往出现在缺少制冷剂并在恶劣的使用环境工况下，压缩机线圈温度与进气压力、制冷剂的数量有关。本文主要讨论在常用的空调器室内机的软件、硬件不变的情况下，利用压力开关作为压力检测器件，在室外机的闲置的空间增加一个检测的电控板，通过对压缩机的压力检测实现压缩机的过载保护。采用这种方案，无需对空调器的原有电路进行更改，通用性极强，可应用于不同型号的空调器，而且室内机无需变化。2控制方案及实现方法1电路原理压缩机压力检测电路原理包括：在压缩机的进气管安装压力开关，以及在室外机安装一个电控板，电控板主要包含5个部分：阻容降压电路、压缩机延时电路、外风机转换电路、压力开关转换电路、三极管控制电路，利用压缩机、外风机、压力开关的信号，通过硬件电路自动实现压缩机进气压力过低等不正常的压力保护，在保护的过程中，不影响空调的启动和空调的除霜。图1为压缩机保护装置检测结构方框图，图2为压缩机保护装置电气原理图。阻容降压电路主要由电阻、电容、压敏电阻、稳压二极管组成，输入端与压缩机线相连接，其作用是将220V的交流电转为低压的12V直流电，作为各电路的供电电源，输出端的12V供给比较器及其偏图1压缩机保护装置检测结构方框原理图置电路、三极管、压力开关等器件，阻容降压电路省略了变压器，成本极低。压缩机延时电路。该电路是保证压缩机运行的前5分钟能正常运行，由于压缩机刚开启的头3分钟，进气管的压力偏低，压力开关打开，压力开关转换电路会出现低压保护信号。压缩机延时电路与压力开关转换电路为并联关系，图3为压缩机延时电路控制逻辑示意图。压缩机开启后，阻容降压电路输出12V供给压缩机延时电路，由于C 3 0 7正在充电，IC304A的2脚输出低电平，当压缩机得电后约5分钟，C307充满电，IC304A的2脚输出由低电平转为高电平，这样压缩机延时电路相当于一个延时5分钟的开关，在压缩机开启头5分钟闭合，超过5分钟后打开，这样保证了压缩机开启的头3分钟能正常运行。外风机转换电路：压缩机除霜时间一般为8至10分钟（如图2），大功率的压缩机除霜期间，进气口处于低压力的时间较长，致使压力开关打开，然而压缩机延时电路只能延时5分钟，这样会出现压缩机除霜超过5分钟后不能除霜的现象，所以需要加入一个外风机转换电路。以比较器芯片为主构成的外风机转换电路相当一个非门电路，图4为外风机转换电路控制逻辑示意图。当外风机线得电时，转换电路输出为高电平；反之转换电路输出为低电平。正常的制热或制冷工况下，外风机得电，IC303光耦PC817导通，IC305C的14脚为高电平；在除霜期间外风机关闭，IC303光耦PC817截止，IC305C的14脚为低电平，这时不论压力开关转换电路处于何种工作状态，压缩机仍可运。压力开关转换电路。将压力开关的进气孔和出气孔串接在压缩机低压的进气管路中，当制冷剂泄漏造成不足，且空调器运行在恶劣的环境工况中，造成压力过低时，压力开关打开，反之，压力开关闭合，有图与我索取全文免费

关于压缩机设备的论文目录怎么写

空调压缩机过载保护的研究321前言空调器压缩机易受电压、制冷系统工况的影响，在不良的使用环境中，压缩机容易烧毁。作为空调器成本最高的部件，压缩机的保护技术成为空调技术领域必须关注的一个重要课题。在现有的压缩机的保护技术中使用最多的是用电流互感器或温度传感器检测技术，前者是利用电流互感器感应压缩机主电路的电流，通过电流的检测获知压缩机电流，当电流超过设定值时，通过软件的控制断开主回路保护压缩机，电流互感器可以装在室内机或室外机中；温度传感器检测技术是在压缩机的表面安装一个温度传感器，通过检测压缩机的温度来保护压缩机，由于压缩机线圈在内部，其表面与外部的温升相差甚远，温度测量误差较大，在瞬间的过流中，保护效果不理想。以上两种技术需要单片机控制，而且在室内机与室外机之间要增加一至两条连接线，制造成本较高。从有关的实验中发现，压缩机烧毁往往出现在缺少制冷剂并在恶劣的使用环境工况下，压缩机线圈温度与进气压力、制冷剂的数量有关。本文主要讨论在常用的空调器室内机的软件、硬件不变的情况下，利用压力开关作为压力检测器件，在室外机的闲置的空间增加一个检测的电控板，通过对压缩机的压力检测实现压缩机的过载保护。采用这种方案，无需对空调器的原有电路进行更改，通用性极强，可应用于不同型号的空调器，而且室内机无需变化。2控制方案及实现方法1电路原理压缩机压力检测电路原理包括：在压缩机的进气管安装压力开关，以及在室外机安装一个电控板，电控板主要包含5个部分：阻容降压电路、压缩机延时电路、外风机转换电路、压力开关转换电路、三极管控制电路，利用压缩机、外风机、压力开关的信号，通过硬件电路自动实现压缩机进气压力过低等不正常的压力保护，在保护的过程中，不影响空调的启动和空调的除霜。图1为压缩机保护装置检测结构方框图，图2为压缩机保护装置电气原理图。阻容降压电路主要由电阻、电容、压敏电阻、稳压二极管组成，输入端与压缩机线相连接，其作用是将220V的交流电转为低压的12V直流电，作为各电路的供电电源，输出端的12V供给比较器及其偏图1压缩机保护装置检测结构方框原理图置电路、三极管、压力开关等器件，阻容降压电路省略了变压器，成本极低。压缩机延时电路。该电路是保证压缩机运行的前5分钟能正常运行，由于压缩机刚开启的头3分钟，进气管的压力偏低，压力开关打开，压力开关转换电路会出现低压保护信号。压缩机延时电路与压力开关转换电路为并联关系，图3为压缩机延时电路控制逻辑示意图。压缩机开启后，阻容降压电路输出12V供给压缩机延时电路，由于C 3 0 7正在充电，IC304A的2脚输出低电平，当压缩机得电后约5分钟，C307充满电，IC304A的2脚输出由低电平转为高电平，这样压缩机延时电路相当于一个延时5分钟的开关，在压缩机开启头5分钟闭合，超过5分钟后打开，这样保证了压缩机开启的头3分钟能正常运行。外风机转换电路：压缩机除霜时间一般为8至10分钟（如图2），大功率的压缩机除霜期间，进气口处于低压力的时间较长，致使压力开关打开，然而压缩机延时电路只能延时5分钟，这样会出现压缩机除霜超过5分钟后不能除霜的现象，所以需要加入一个外风机转换电路。以比较器芯片为主构成的外风机转换电路相当一个非门电路，图4为外风机转换电路控制逻辑示意图。当外风机线得电时，转换电路输出为高电平；反之转换电路输出为低电平。正常的制热或制冷工况下，外风机得电，IC303光耦PC817导通，IC305C的14脚为高电平；在除霜期间外风机关闭，IC303光耦PC817截止，IC305C的14脚为低电平，这时不论压力开关转换电路处于何种工作状态，压缩机仍可运。压力开关转换电路。将压力开关的进气孔和出气孔串接在压缩机低压的进气管路中，当制冷剂泄漏造成不足，且空调器运行在恶劣的环境工况中，造成压力过低时，压力开关打开，反之，压力开关闭合，有图与我索取全文免费

建议看看下面的资料网，在这里想要谁给现写一篇，可能不会有，因为z这里没人会为了这个区花费一些时间去写的，所以根据我搜集的一些网站来看，希望对你有所帮助，用心去做，不管毕业论文还是平时作业吗，我相信你都可以做好的。毕业论文以及毕业设计的，推荐一个网 这个网站的论文都是以words的形式原封不动的打包上传的，网上搜索不到的，对毕业论文的写作有很大的参考价值，希望对你有所帮助。 论文写作建议看看下面的资料网，在这里想要谁给现写一篇，可能不会有，因为z这里没人会为了这个区花费一些时间去写的，所以根据我搜集的一些网站来看，希望对你有所帮助，用心去做，不管毕业论文还是平时作业吗，我相信你都可以做好的。写作资料也很多，下面给你一些范文资料网： 如果你不是校园网的话，请在下面的网站找： 百万范文网： 分类很细 栏目很多 毕业论文网： 引文数据库： 社科类论文： 经济类论文： 论文之家： 范文网： 如果你是校园网，那就恭喜你了，期刊网里面很多资料 中国知网： 龙源数据库： 万方数据库： 优秀论文杂志 论文资料网 法律图书馆 -/z 法学论文资料库 -/lw/ 中国总经理网论文集 职业经理人论坛 财经学位论文下载中心 公开发表论文_深圳证券交易所 中国路桥资讯网论文资料中心 论文商务中心 ' 法律帝国： 学术论文 论文统计

关于压缩机设备的论文题目怎么写

空调压缩机过载保护的研究321前言空调器压缩机易受电压、制冷系统工况的影响，在不良的使用环境中，压缩机容易烧毁。作为空调器成本最高的部件，压缩机的保护技术成为空调技术领域必须关注的一个重要课题。在现有的压缩机的保护技术中使用最多的是用电流互感器或温度传感器检测技术，前者是利用电流互感器感应压缩机主电路的电流，通过电流的检测获知压缩机电流，当电流超过设定值时，通过软件的控制断开主回路保护压缩机，电流互感器可以装在室内机或室外机中；温度传感器检测技术是在压缩机的表面安装一个温度传感器，通过检测压缩机的温度来保护压缩机，由于压缩机线圈在内部，其表面与外部的温升相差甚远，温度测量误差较大，在瞬间的过流中，保护效果不理想。以上两种技术需要单片机控制，而且在室内机与室外机之间要增加一至两条连接线，制造成本较高。从有关的实验中发现，压缩机烧毁往往出现在缺少制冷剂并在恶劣的使用环境工况下，压缩机线圈温度与进气压力、制冷剂的数量有关。本文主要讨论在常用的空调器室内机的软件、硬件不变的情况下，利用压力开关作为压力检测器件，在室外机的闲置的空间增加一个检测的电控板，通过对压缩机的压力检测实现压缩机的过载保护。采用这种方案，无需对空调器的原有电路进行更改，通用性极强，可应用于不同型号的空调器，而且室内机无需变化。2控制方案及实现方法1电路原理压缩机压力检测电路原理包括：在压缩机的进气管安装压力开关，以及在室外机安装一个电控板，电控板主要包含5个部分：阻容降压电路、压缩机延时电路、外风机转换电路、压力开关转换电路、三极管控制电路，利用压缩机、外风机、压力开关的信号，通过硬件电路自动实现压缩机进气压力过低等不正常的压力保护，在保护的过程中，不影响空调的启动和空调的除霜。图1为压缩机保护装置检测结构方框图，图2为压缩机保护装置电气原理图。阻容降压电路主要由电阻、电容、压敏电阻、稳压二极管组成，输入端与压缩机线相连接，其作用是将220V的交流电转为低压的12V直流电，作为各电路的供电电源，输出端的12V供给比较器及其偏图1压缩机保护装置检测结构方框原理图置电路、三极管、压力开关等器件，阻容降压电路省略了变压器，成本极低。压缩机延时电路。该电路是保证压缩机运行的前5分钟能正常运行，由于压缩机刚开启的头3分钟，进气管的压力偏低，压力开关打开，压力开关转换电路会出现低压保护信号。压缩机延时电路与压力开关转换电路为并联关系，图3为压缩机延时电路控制逻辑示意图。压缩机开启后，阻容降压电路输出12V供给压缩机延时电路，由于C 3 0 7正在充电，IC304A的2脚输出低电平，当压缩机得电后约5分钟，C307充满电，IC304A的2脚输出由低电平转为高电平，这样压缩机延时电路相当于一个延时5分钟的开关，在压缩机开启头5分钟闭合，超过5分钟后打开，这样保证了压缩机开启的头3分钟能正常运行。外风机转换电路：压缩机除霜时间一般为8至10分钟（如图2），大功率的压缩机除霜期间，进气口处于低压力的时间较长，致使压力开关打开，然而压缩机延时电路只能延时5分钟，这样会出现压缩机除霜超过5分钟后不能除霜的现象，所以需要加入一个外风机转换电路。以比较器芯片为主构成的外风机转换电路相当一个非门电路，图4为外风机转换电路控制逻辑示意图。当外风机线得电时，转换电路输出为高电平；反之转换电路输出为低电平。正常的制热或制冷工况下，外风机得电，IC303光耦PC817导通，IC305C的14脚为高电平；在除霜期间外风机关闭，IC303光耦PC817截止，IC305C的14脚为低电平，这时不论压力开关转换电路处于何种工作状态，压缩机仍可运。压力开关转换电路。将压力开关的进气孔和出气孔串接在压缩机低压的进气管路中，当制冷剂泄漏造成不足，且空调器运行在恶劣的环境工况中，造成压力过低时，压力开关打开，反之，压力开关闭合，有图与我索取全文免费

The Basics A jet engine can be divided into several distinct sections: intake， compressor， diffuser， combustion chamber， turbine， and These sections are much like the different cycles in a four-stroke reciprocating engine: intake， compression， power and In a four-stroke engine a fuel/air mixture is is brought into the engine (intake)， compressed (compression)， and finally ignited and pushed out the exhaust (power and exhaust) In it's most basic form， a jet engine works in much the same * Air comes in the front of the engine where it enters the The air is compressed by a series of small spinning blades aptly named compressor blades and leaves at a high The pressure ratio between the beginning and end of the compressor can be as much as 48:1， but almost always 12:1 or * The air now enters the diffuser， which is nothing more than an area where the air can expand and lower it's velocity， thus increasing its pressure a little bit * The high pressure air at the end of the diffuser now enters the combustion chamber where it is mixed with fuel， ignited and * When the fuel/air mixture burns， the temperature increases (obviously) which makes the air * This expanding gas drives a set of turbine blades located aft of the combustion At least some of these turbine blades are connected by a shaft to the compressor blades to drive Depending on the type of engine， there may be another set of turbine blades used to drive another shaft to do other things， such as turn a propeller or * The left over energy not extracted by the turbine blades is pushed out the back of the engine (exhaust section) and creates thrust， usually used to drive an airplane The types of jet engines include: * Turbojet * Turbofan * Turboprop * Turbo shaft Turbojet The turbojet is the simplest of them all， it is just as described in "The basics" This style was the first type of jet engine to be used in It is a pretty primitive style used mostly in early military jet fighters such as the F- Its use was discontinued， for the most part， in favor of the more efficient Actually， I should clarify Each type of engine is most efficient under certain Turbojets are most efficient at high altitudes and speeds above the speed of See the diagram at the end of this page for relative efficiencies of each style Turbofan Turbofans make up the majority of jet engines being produced and used A turbofan engine uses an extra set of turbine blades to drive a large fan， typically on the front of the This fan differs from a propeller in that there are many small blades and they are inside of a The fan sits just in front of the normal intake， some of the air driven by this fan will enter the engine， while the rest will go around the The amount of air that bypasses the engine is different for each type of The different styles are called high and low bypass Bypass ratio is the ratio of how much air goes through the fan， to how much goes through the Typical bypass ratios would be 1:1 for a low bypass and 5:1 or more for a high Low bypass engines are more efficient at higher speeds， and are used on planes such as military aircraft， while high bypass engines are used in commercial Turboprop Turboprops are similar to turbofans in that they incorporate an extra set of turbine blades used to drive the Unlike the turbofan engines， nearly all the thrust produced by a turboprop is from the propellor， hardly any thrust comes from the These engines are used mostly on smaller and slower planes such as commuter aircraft that fly to the smaller As you can see from the efficiency chart below， turboprops are very efficient over a fairly wide range of They would probably be used more often on large transport aircraft， except for one problem: they have The general public does not like propellors， as they appear to be old-fashioned and However， the military knows better and uses them on several large transport Turbo shaft Turbo shaft engines are very similar to turboprop engines， but instead of driving a propellor， they are used to drive something Many helicopters use them to drive their rotors， and airliners and other large jets use them to generate Also， the Alaska Pipeline uses them at the pump stations to pump Overall Overall the big difference between these engines is how they take a chunk of air and move Newton's third law states that Force equals mass times Applying this to turbine engines: the turboprop takes a large chunk and accelerates it a little bit， while the turbojet takes a small chunk and accelerates the heck out of it， and the turbofan is somewhere in between these These different methods of moving air also have to do with how much noise each engine The turbojet makes the most noise because there is a large difference in velocities of the blast of air coming out the exhaust and the surrounding The air from the fan on a turbofan engine "shields" the blast in the center by having the slower moving air from the fan surround Then the turboprop is the quietest of all because the air it's moving is relatively A pressure - volume diagram (or a P-V diagram) is a useful tool in In this case， it relates the pressure and volume of the gas moving through the engine at different A P-V diagram can also be helpful in finding the work output of an Work equals the integral of pressure with respect to Or is simpler form， work equals the area enclosed in the diagram The above cycle is the Brayton cycle， or the cycle used by aircraft gas turbine Explanation of the above cycle: * Air enters the inlet at point 1 at atmospheric * As this air passes through the compressor (from point 1 to 2)， the pressure rises adiabatically (no heat enters or leaves the system) * Now the air enters the combustion chamber (from point 2 to 3)， is mixed with fuel， and burned at a constant * Finally， the air goes through the turbine and out the exhaust (point 3 to 4) where the gases expand and do Thus， the pressure drops and the volume The Compressor There are two main styles for turbine compressors: the axial and the The Axial Compressor * The axial type compressor is made up of many small blades， called rotor vanes， arranged in rows on a cylinder whose radius gets larger towards the back (as can be seen from the above picture) These blades act much like small * In between these rotor vanes are stator vanes which stay in a fixed spot and straighten the air coming out of the previous stage of rotor vanes before it enters the next * On some newer engines， the angle of these stator vanes can be adjusted for optimum * Each stage (1 row of rotor and stator vanes) generally provides for a pressure rise of about 3:1 (so after the first stage， the pressure would be 3 above atmospheric， after the second it would be 69， 2， ) The Centrifugal Compressor * Air enters the centrifugal compressor at the front and The blades then sling the air radially outwards where it is once again collected (at a higher pressure) before it enters the * Pressure rise per stage is usually about 4 to 8:1 (higher than axial) These can be sombined in series (that is the exit of the first leads to the entrance of the next) to produce a greater pressure But more than two stages is not - Jet engines are rated in "pounds of thrust，" while turboprops and turboshaft engines are rated in "shaft horsepower" (SHP) This is because it is difficult to hook up a dynamometer (power measuring device) to the column of air coming out of a jet engine， while it is easy to hook one to the shaft of a - An equivalent measure to horsepower is thrust horsepower (THP) THP = (Thrust x MPH) / or THP = SHP x 80% in the case of turboprop engines (the 80% is because the propeller "slips" a little in flight) - Exhaust gases exit the exhaust at upwards of 1000 mph or more and can use 1000 gallons of fuel/hour or - Turbine engines run Unlike gasoline engines， turbines take in more air than they need for - Fuel can be injected into the exhaust section to burn with this unused air for extra This is called an - A water/methanol mixture can be injected into the intake to increase the air density， and thus increase - Turbine engines can be built on a small scale as The turbine pictured below has a diameter of 4mm and runs at 500，000 It was built by at MIT for purposes of powering an aircraft with a wing span of about 5 inches that was projected to fly about 35 - 70 mph with a range of about 40 - 70 micro turbine - The ignition system on turbine engines is only necessary for starting， afterwards it is self In jets， the ignition system is also turned on for added saftey in "critical" stages of flight， such as takeoff and - A device similar to a spark plug is used for the ignition process， but it has a larger The spark is about 4 to 20 Joules (watts/second) at about 25000 volts and occurs between 1 and 2 times per - Turbine engines will run on just about anything， they prefer Jet-A (AKA diesel， kerosene， or home heating oil)， but can burn unleaded， burbon， or even very finely powdered coal! - The above snowmachine uses an Allison turbine engine， a very common engine in helicopters (such as the Bell 206 Jet Ranger shown below) A lot of horsepower can be put into a small package! Note the intake and compressor are at the front of the engine， then the two side tubes take the compressed air and bring it around back to the combustion chamber and turbine and the exhaust exits out the There are many engines out there with strange configurations like Communications Technology Your Rights and what the Data Protection Commissioner can do to help Right of Access The personal information to which you are entitled is that held on computer or in a manual filing system that facilitates access to information about You can make an access request to any organisation or any individual who has personal information about For example， you could make an access request to your doctor， your bank， a credit reference agency， a Government Department dealing with your affairs， or your If you find out that information kept about you by someone else is inaccurate， you have a right to have that information corrected (or "rectified") In some circumstances， you may also have the information erased altogether from the database - for example， if the body keeping the information has no good reason to hold it ( it is irrelevant or excessive for the purpose)， or if the information has not been obtained You can exercise your right of rectification or erasure simply by writing to the body keeping your In addition， you can request a data controller to block your data to prevent it from being used for certain For example， you might want your data blocked for research purposes where it held for other If an organisation holds your information for the purposes of direct marketing (such as direct mailing， or telephone marketing)， you have the right to have your details removed from that This right is useful if you are receiving unwanted "junk mail" or annoying telephone calls from You can exercise this right simply by writing to the organisation The organisation must write back to you within 40 days confirming that they have dealt with your Right to complain to the Data Protection Commissioner What happens if someone ignores your access request， or refuses to correct information about you which is inaccurate? If you are having difficulty in exercising your rights， or if you feel that any person or organisation is not complying with their responsibilities， then you may complain to the Data Protection Commissioner， Mr Mead， who will investigate the matter for The Commissioner has legal powers to ensure that your rights are The Data Protection Commissioner will help you to secure your rights: * with advice and information * by intervening directly on your behalf if you feel you have not been given satisfaction * by taking action against those failing to fulfil their SEE APPENDIX 2 FOR CASE STUDY Ergonomics Ergonomics (from Greek ergon work and nomoi natural laws) is the study of designing objects to be better adapted to the shape of the human body and/or to correct the user's Common examples include chairs designed to prevent the user from sitting in positions that may have a detrimental effect on the spine， and the ergonomic desk which offers an adjustable keyboard tray， a main desktop of variable height and other elements which can be changed by the Ergonomics also helps with the design of alternative computer input devices for people who want to avoid repetitive strain injury or carpal tunnel A normal computer keyboard tends to force users to keep their hands together and hunch their To prevent the injuries， or to give relief to people who already have symptoms， special split keyboards， curved keyboards， not-really-keyboards keyboards， and other alternative input devices Ergonomics is much larger than looking at the physiological and anatomical aspects of the human The psychology of humans is also a key element within the ergonomics This psychological portion of ergonomics is usually referred to as Human factors or Human factors engineering in the US， and ergonomics is the term used in E Understanding design in terms of cognitive workload， human error， the way humans perceive their surrounds and， very importantly， the tasks that they undertake are all analysed by [IMAGE] With video conferencing consideration should be taken in positioning of camera and screens so as to avoid neck Codec (COder/DECoder or COmpressor/DECompressor) Hardware or software that encodes/compresses and decodes/decompresses audio and video data The purpose of a codec is to reduce the size of digital audio samples and video frames in order to speed up transmission and save storage The goal of all codec designers is to maintain audio and video quality while compressing the binary data Speech codecs are designed to deal with the characteristics of voice， while audio codecs are developed for Codecs may also be able to transcode from one digital format to another; for example， from PCM audio to MP3 The codec algorithms may be implemented entirely in a chip or entirely in software in which case the PC does all of the They are also commonly implemented in both hardware and software where a sound card or video capture card performs some of the processing， and the main CPU does the When analog signals are entered into a computer， cellphone or other device via a microphone or video source such as a VHS tape or TV， analog-to-digital converters create the raw digital audio samples and video Speech， audio and video codecs are typically lossy codecs that compress data by altering the original format， which is why "codec" means "encoder/decoder" and "compressor/" If a codec uses only lossless compression in which the original data is restored exactly， then it would not be a coder/ This is a subtle point， but the two meanings of the acronym have been LAN A local area network (LAN) is a computer network covering a local area， like a home， office or small group of buildings such as a The topology of a network dictates its physical The generally accepted maximum size for a LAN is LANs are different from personal area networks (PANs)， metropolitan area networks (MANs) or wide area networks (WANs) LANs are typically faster than WAN The earliest popular LAN， ARCnet， was released in 1977 by Datapoint and was originally intended to allow multiple Datapoint 2200s to share disk Like all early LANs， ARCnet was originally vendor- Standardization efforts by the IEEE have resulted in the IEEE 802 series of There are now two common wiring technologies for a LAN， Ethernet and Token R Wireless technologies are starting to evolve and are convenient for mobile computer A number of network protocols may use the basic physical transport mechanism including TCP/IP In this case DHCP is a convenient way to obtain an IP address rather than using fixed LANs can be interlinked by connections to form a Wide area A router is used to make the connection between LAN WAN WANs are used to connect local area networks together， so that users and computers in one location can communicate with users and computers in other Many WANs are built for one particular organisation and are private， others， built by Internet service providers provide connections from an organisation's LAN to the I WANs are most often built of leased At each end of the leased line， a router connects to the LAN on one side and a hub within the WAN on the A number of network protocols may use the basic physical transport mechanism including TCP/IP Other protocols including X25 and ATM Frame relay can also be used for WAN Ethernet Ethernet is normally a shared media LAN All stations on the segment share the total bandwidth， which is either 10 Mbps (Ethernet)， 100 Mbps (Fast Ethernet) or 1000 Mbps (Gigabit Ethernet) With switched Ethernet， each sender and receiver pair have the full When using Ethernet the computers are usually wired to a hub or to a This constitutes the physical transport Fiber-optic Ethernet (10BaseF and 100BaseFX) is impervious to external radiation and is often used to extend Ethernet segments up to 2 Specifications exist for complete fiber-optic networks as well as backbone FOIRL (Fiber-Optic Inter Repeater Link) was an earlier standard that is limited to 6 miles

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机械设计类论文题目 300×400数控激光切割机XY工作台部件及单片机控制设计 DTⅡ型固定式带式输送机的设计 FXS80双出风口笼形转子选粉机 4 JLY3809机立窑（加料及窑罩部件）设计 5 JLY3809机立窑(窑体及卸料部件) 6 JLY3809机立窑（总体及传动部件）设计 MR141剥绒机锯筒部、工作箱部和总体设计 8 PB006糖尿病专家系统开发 PB012自动组卷系统 PF455S插秧机及其侧离合器手柄的探讨和改善设计 PLC在高楼供水系统中的应用 Q3110滚筒式抛丸清理机的设计(总装、弹丸循环及分离装置、集尘器设计) Q3110滚筒式抛丸清理机的设计(总装、滚筒及传动机构设计) 14 SF500100打散分级机回转部分及传动设计 15 SF500100打散分级机内外筒体及原设计改进探讨 16 SF500100打散分级机总体及机架设计 17 VC005基于WebCam的人脸检测技术 18 X700涡旋式选粉机 YQP36预加水盘式成球机设计 20 Z30130×31型钻床控制系统的PLC改造 21 Φ3×11M水泥磨总体设计及传动部件设计 22 Φ1200熟料圆锥式破碎机 半精镗及精镗气缸盖导管孔组合机床设计（镗削头设计） 24 柴油机齿轮室盖钻镗专机总体及夹具设计 25 柴油机气缸体顶底面粗铣组合机床总体及夹具设计 26 车床变速箱中拔叉及专用夹具设计 乘客电梯的PLC控制 出租车计价器系统设计 电动自行车调速系统的设计 多用途气动机器人结构设计 31 工艺-WH212减速机壳体加工工艺及夹具设计 32 管套压装专机 33 机油冷却器自动装备线压紧工位装备设计 34 基于AT89C2051单片机的温度控制系统的设计 35 基于普通机床的后托架及夹具的设计开发 36 减速器的整体设计 金属粉末成型液压机的PLC设计 可调速钢筋弯曲机的设计 39 空气压缩机V带校核和噪声处理 40 螺旋管状面筋机总体及坯片导出装置设计 41 模具-Φ6药瓶注塑模设计 42 模具-冰箱调温按钮塑模设计 43 模具-电机炭刷架冷冲压模具设计 44 模具-水泥瓦模具设计与制造工艺分析 45 膜片式离合器的设计 内循环式烘干机总体及卸料装置设计 全自动洗衣机控制系统的设计 48 设计-AWC机架现场扩孔机设计 49 设计-CG2-150型仿型切割机 50 设计-ZL15型轮式装载机 设计-插秧机系统设计 设计-工程钻机 的 设 计 53 设计机床-S195柴油机机体三面精镗组合机床总体设计及夹具设计 54 设计机床-车床主轴箱箱体右侧10-M8螺纹底孔组合钻床设计 55 设计-搅拌器的设计 56 设计-精密播种机 57 设计一用于带式运输机传动装置中的同轴式二级圆柱齿轮减速器 58 生产线上运输升降机的自动化设计 59 实验用减速器的设计 60 双铰接剪叉式液压升降台的设计 四层楼电梯自动控制系统的设计 62 万能外圆磨床液压传动系统设计 63 卧式钢筋切断机的设计 64 锡林右轴承座组件工艺及夹具设计 65 新KS型单级单吸离心泵的设计 66 新型组合式选粉机总体及分级部分设计 67 压燃式发动机油管残留测量装置设计 68 知识竞赛抢答器PLC设计 69 知识竞赛抢答器设计 70 自动洗衣机行星齿轮减速器的设计