葡萄酒文化与鉴赏论文英文怎么写

葡萄酒文化与鉴赏论文英文怎么写

描述红白酒的香味及口感多用的词及解释（包括多用来描述某一国家的酒的词语），倾向于品酒Aromas and Flavors:Almond – usually Italian， especially Soave and VApple – many dry white wines， sweet Loires， and， when particularly aromatic， maybe German RApricot – Condrieu， and good sweet Loires， eg Coteaux du Layon and VAsparagus – Sauvignon Blanc， eg Sancerre， New Zealand Sauvignon， California Fumé BBanana – young， inexpensive whites， and BBiscuit – ChampagneBlackcurrant – Cabernet Sauvignon， including claret， and less pronounced in Merlot and Cabernet FBread (fresh baked， yeasty) – CBrioche – ChampagneBubblegum – Beaujolais NButter – Chardonnay， including white BCabbage – mature burgundy， both red and Cat’s pee – Sauvignon Blanc from France and Muller-TCedar or cigar box – claret and other Cabernet SCherry – Burgundy， Beaujolais and a lot of Italian Chocolate – many medium- and full-bodied reds (New World and Old)， claret， and BClove – young Cabernet SCoffee (fresh ground) – reds: usually top quality and fairly Currant Leaf – Sauvignon BEucalyptus – New World Cabernet， some claret， some SFlint and Wet stones – Pouilly-Fumé， CFloral – German RGame – northern Rhone (Hermitage)， Shiraz， mature red BGasoline or Kerosene – a good sign in mature Riesling， especially German and some AGooseberry – Sauvignon Blanc， especially Loire and New ZGrape – MGrapefruit – Scheurebe grape (English and German wines)Grass – Sauvignon BGreen Pepper – Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc， eg Chinon and BHoney – lots of sweet wines， especially botrytis-affected ones; also mature dry whites including BLanolin – SLeather – Syrah/SLemon – many young Lime – Australian RLiquorices – many reds， especially young， tannic， full-bodied Lychee – GMarzipan – sweet white Loires， eg Coteaux du Layon， Quarts de Chaume， BMelon – New World CMint – Cabernet Sauvignon， especially New World， and Coonawarra SNivea or Pond’s Cold Cream – GNut (hazelnut or walnut) – white Burgundy， Champagne， and other COak – any wine， red or white， that has been fermented and/or aged in oak (or has been aged with oak chips)Olive – Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet FOrange – many sweet whites， including Peach – many whites， including New World Chardonnays and sweet Pear/pear-drop – many young whites， especially inexpensive ones for drinking young， also Beaujolais NPepper (fresh ground) – red southern Rhones， eg Chateauneauf-du-Pape and Cotes du Rhone， and also Austrian Gruner VPlum – a less pronounced fruit smell in many red Potato peelings – Cabernet Franc in Chinon， Bourgueil， and Saumur CRaisins – sweet fortified Raspberry – red Rhones， red Burgundy， and New World Pinot Noir， Beaujolais， and red Loires in good Rose – Dry Alsace Muscat， Gewurztraminer and some red BSalt – Manzanilla Smoke – full-bodied reds， especially Syrah; Pouilly-Fumé and Alsace Tokay-Pinot GSpice – many reds， especially Rhones; Alsace whites and any wine that has been oak aged， especially in American Strawberry – Beaujolais， red Burgundy and RTar – Barolo especially， but also northern RToast – any wine that has been in new oak barrels， but especially Chardonnay; also mature， unoaked Champagne (especially Blanc des Blancs) and Australian STobacco – many reds， but especially Vanilla – wine that’s been in new French or American oak barrels， eg RWool (wet) – white B这是做酒店的朋友给的他们单位的培训材料。觉得不错及时采纳哈~

wine the common name for it!

葡萄酒，是用葡萄果实或葡萄汁，经过发酵酿制而成的酒精饮料。在水果中，由于葡萄的葡萄糖含量较高，贮存一段时间就会发出酒味，因此常常以葡萄酿酒。葡萄酒是目前世界上产量最大、普及最广的单糖酿造酒。早在六千年以前，在盛产葡萄的地中海区域，两河流域的苏美尔人和尼罗河流域的古埃及人就会酿造葡萄酒。有趣的是，在舞蹈文化中，有一种葡萄酒舞是在酿酒用葡萄丰收时，庆祝的团体舞蹈。葡萄酒在基督教被视为耶稣基督宝血的象征物。 葡萄酒有许多分类方式。以成品颜色来说，可分为红葡萄酒、白葡萄酒及粉红葡萄酒三类。其中红葡萄酒又可细分为干红葡萄酒、半干红葡萄酒、半甜红葡萄酒和甜红葡萄酒。白葡萄酒则细分为干白葡萄酒、半干白葡萄酒、半甜白葡萄酒和甜白葡萄酒。以酿造方式来说，可以分为蒸馏葡萄酒(Still wine)、气泡葡萄酒(Sparkling wine)、加烈葡萄酒(Fortified wine)和加味葡萄酒(Aromatized wine)四类。其中一般葡萄酒的酒精含量约为百分之八到十五，然而加烈葡萄酒的酒精含量可能会更高。 葡萄酒的酒性完全受到土壤、气候以及酿酒技巧等因素的影响，但是酒的风味却完全取决于酿酒技巧等因素的影响，但是酒的风味却完全取决于酿酒葡萄的品种的不同。葡萄酒的原料－葡萄原产于黑海与里海之间的外高加索地区，直到西汉时经张骞通西域才传到中国。目前葡萄已经被广泛引种到世界各地，主要是作为酿酒原料。但世界最好及最有名的葡萄酒大多产至法国，法国葡萄酒的酿造历史可追朔到罗马帝国时期。由于法国气候温和，除了北部诺曼底一些区域以外，全国都能生产高质量的葡萄。在1996年时，全国共有超过818000公顷的葡萄园，13个产酒区域，葡萄酒产量超过46亿公升。法国可以说是盛产葡萄酒的国家之一。Wine， grapes， fruit or juice after fermentation to brew alcoholic beverages from In the fruit， because of high glucose content of grapes， storage will be issued alcohol for a period of time， often in Wine production is currently the world's largest and most widely popular monosaccharide brewing As early as 6，000 Years ago， in the Mediterranean region rich grape， the Sumerian Mesopotamia and the Nile Basin will be the ancient Egyptians brewed Interestingly， the dance culture， there is a wine dance in the wine grape harvest， celebration dance Wine in the Precious Blood of Jesus Christ as Christian There are many wine To finished color， can be divided into red wine， white wine and pink wine three Red wine which can be broken down into dry red wine， semi-dry red wine， semi-sweet red wine and sweet red White wine is broken down into dry white wine， white wine semi-， semi-sweet white wine and sweet white Approach to brewing， distillation wine can be divided into (Still wine)， the bubble wine (Sparkling wine)， Jialie wine (Fortified wine) and the Modified wine (Aromatized wine) Of general wine alcohol content of about 8-15%， but Jialie of alcohol in wine may be Wine and liquor completely soil， climate and wine skills， among other factors， but the flavor is completely wine brewing techniques depends on factors such as the impact， but the wine is completely dependent on the flavor of wine grape varieties Wine raw materials - grapes originating in the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea， between the Caucasus region， until the Western Han Dynasty， the Western Regions-Zhang Qian conveyed to China At present grape has been widely introduced to the rest of the world， mainly as a wine raw But the world's best and most famous wine producing mostly to France， French wine brewing history Duishuo to the Roman As France mild climate， in addition to some of the northern Normandy region， the country can produce high quality In 1996， more than 818，000 hectares of the total of vineyards， 13 production wine regions， wine production over 6 billion France can be said to be one of the countries with rich

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葡萄酒文化与鉴赏论文英文

Wine， grapes， fruit or juice after fermentation to brew alcoholic beverages from In the fruit， because of high glucose content of grapes， storage will be issued alcohol for a period of time， often in Wine production is currently the world's largest and most widely popular monosaccharide brewing As early as 6，000 Years ago， in the Mediterranean region rich grape， the Sumerian Mesopotamia and the Nile Basin will be the ancient Egyptians brewed Interestingly， the dance culture， there is a wine dance in the wine grape harvest， celebration dance Wine in the Precious Blood of Jesus Christ as Christian There are many wine To finished color， can be divided into red wine， white wine and pink wine three Red wine which can be broken down into dry red wine， semi-dry red wine， semi-sweet red wine and sweet red White wine is broken down into dry white wine， white wine semi-， semi-sweet white wine and sweet white Approach to brewing， distillation wine can be divided into (Still wine)， the bubble wine (Sparkling wine)， Jialie wine (Fortified wine) and the Modified wine (Aromatized wine) Of general wine alcohol content of about 8-15%， but Jialie of alcohol in wine may be

葡萄酒文化与鉴赏论文英文版

酿制红酒的葡萄种类 葡萄种类方面，酿制红酒的葡萄种类有Shiraz，Cabernet，Sauvignon，Merlot等等。红酒的标签上常出现这些名称，就是指采用的葡萄的品种。有些红酒是由单一种葡萄酿制，有些还是由2~3种葡萄酿制，酿出来的红酒口味也就有所不同。单一或混合葡萄品种酿制的红酒都是一样的好，只是适合不同消费者的口味而已。 红酒的来源地--“旧世界红酒”和“新世界红酒”世界上生产红酒的国家不少，红酒的来源地的其中一个划分方法，分作“旧世界红酒”和“新世界红酒”。 旧世界红酒一般指欧洲（尤其是法国和意大利）出产的红酒，他们在国际市场上价格略昂贵。“新世界红酒”红酒是指澳大利亚、智利等国家出产的红酒。法国的红酒以往用牛血所提炼出来的色素进行调色，在疯牛症的担忧之下，曾一度影响法国红酒的销量。澳大利亚和智利由于地理位置优越，葡萄产区都在几乎没有环境污染的地方，因此澳大利亚和智利的红酒在国际市场很具知名度。澳大利亚的红酒采用从葡萄皮本身提炼的纯植物色素进行调色，是红酒行业用天然物质调色的创举。 红酒和干红的概念和区别 所谓干型葡萄酒（干白、干红）仅指葡萄酒中含糖量的多少，并没有其他的含义。按照标准的规定，干型葡萄酒的含糖量在0g/L以下。由于这种类型的酒含糖量低，没有甜味，所以更多地表现出葡萄的果香、发酵产生的酒香和陈酿留下的醇香。传统意义上的葡萄酒都是甜型葡萄酒，含糖量都在0g/L以上。 干红葡萄酒的“干”是从香槟酒酿造中借用的一个词，即不添加任何水、香料、酒精等添加剂，直接用纯葡萄汁酿造的酒。红葡萄榨汁后，不过滤葡萄皮核，葡萄汁酿成酒后再过滤，酿酒过程中，葡萄皮的颜色溶解到酒中，为干红酒。干红酒有两种，一种是单纯过滤；另一种将滤渣继续压榨。压榨的干红酒含单宁较多，味道更厚。 也就是说，干红喝起来是不甜的。在中国，有人喝干红的时候喜欢混合雪碧来喝，这说明饮用者其实不适合喝干红、而是正统的红酒。

Wine is an alcoholic beverage made of fermented grape [1] The natural chemical balance of grapes is such that they can ferment without the addition of sugars， acids， enzymes or other [2] Wine is produced by fermenting crushed grapes using various types of yeast which consume the sugars found in the grapes and convert them into Different varieties of grapes and strains of yeasts are used depending on the types of wine being [3]Although other fruits such as apples and berries can also be fermented， the resultant wines are normally named after the fruit from which they are produced (for example， apple wine or elderberry wine) and are generically known as fruit wine or country wine (not to be confused with the French term vin du pays) Others， such as barley wine and rice wine ( sake)， are made from starch-based materials and resemble beer and spirit more than wine， while ginger wine is fortified with In these cases， the use of the term "wine" is a reference to the higher alcohol content， rather than production [4] The commercial use of the English word "wine" (and its equivalent in other languages) is protected by law in many [5]Wine has a rich history dating back to around 6000 BC and is thought to have originated in areas now within the borders of Georgia and I[6][7] Wine probably appeared in Europe at about 4500 BC in what is now Bulgaria and Greece， and was very common in ancient Greece， Thrace and R Wine has also played an important role in religion throughout The Greek god Dionysos and the Roman equivalent Bacchus represented wine， and the drink is also used in Christian and Jewish ceremonies such as the Eucharist and KThe word "wine" derives from the Proto-Germanic "*winam，" an early borrowing from the Latin vinum， "wine" or "(grape) vine，" itself derived from the Proto-Indo-European stem *win-o- ( Hittite: wiyana ，Lycian: Oino， Ancient Greek οῖνος - oînos， Aeolic Greek ϝοίνος - woinos)[8][9] Similar words for wine or grapes are found in the Semitic languages ( Arabic ﻭﻳﻦ wayn) and in Georgian (ğvino); some consider the term to be a wanderwort， or "wandering word"[10]Contents [hide]1 History 2 Grape varieties 3 Classification 1 Europe classification 2 Outside of Europe 4 Vintages 5 Tasting 6 Collecting 7 Production 1 Exporting countries 8 Uses 1 Religious uses 9 Health effects 10 Packaging 11 Storage 12 Film and television 13 See also 14 References 15 Further reading 16 External links pls contact me for the url，which is banned on

可以去中国期刊全文数据库 找找

葡萄酒，是用葡萄果实或葡萄汁，经过发酵酿制而成的酒精饮料。在水果中，由于葡萄的葡萄糖含量较高，贮存一段时间就会发出酒味，因此常常以葡萄酿酒。葡萄酒是目前世界上产量最大、普及最广的单糖酿造酒。早在六千年以前，在盛产葡萄的地中海区域，两河流域的苏美尔人和尼罗河流域的古埃及人就会酿造葡萄酒。有趣的是，在舞蹈文化中，有一种葡萄酒舞是在酿酒用葡萄丰收时，庆祝的团体舞蹈。葡萄酒在基督教被视为耶稣基督宝血的象征物。 葡萄酒有许多分类方式。以成品颜色来说，可分为红葡萄酒、白葡萄酒及粉红葡萄酒三类。其中红葡萄酒又可细分为干红葡萄酒、半干红葡萄酒、半甜红葡萄酒和甜红葡萄酒。白葡萄酒则细分为干白葡萄酒、半干白葡萄酒、半甜白葡萄酒和甜白葡萄酒。以酿造方式来说，可以分为蒸馏葡萄酒(Still wine)、气泡葡萄酒(Sparkling wine)、加烈葡萄酒(Fortified wine)和加味葡萄酒(Aromatized wine)四类。其中一般葡萄酒的酒精含量约为百分之八到十五，然而加烈葡萄酒的酒精含量可能会更高。 葡萄酒的酒性完全受到土壤、气候以及酿酒技巧等因素的影响，但是酒的风味却完全取决于酿酒技巧等因素的影响，但是酒的风味却完全取决于酿酒葡萄的品种的不同。葡萄酒的原料－葡萄原产于黑海与里海之间的外高加索地区，直到西汉时经张骞通西域才传到中国。目前葡萄已经被广泛引种到世界各地，主要是作为酿酒原料。但世界最好及最有名的葡萄酒大多产至法国，法国葡萄酒的酿造历史可追朔到罗马帝国时期。由于法国气候温和，除了北部诺曼底一些区域以外，全国都能生产高质量的葡萄。在1996年时，全国共有超过818000公顷的葡萄园，13个产酒区域，葡萄酒产量超过46亿公升。法国可以说是盛产葡萄酒的国家之一。Wine， grapes， fruit or juice after fermentation to brew alcoholic beverages from In the fruit， because of high glucose content of grapes， storage will be issued alcohol for a period of time， often in Wine production is currently the world's largest and most widely popular monosaccharide brewing As early as 6，000 Years ago， in the Mediterranean region rich grape， the Sumerian Mesopotamia and the Nile Basin will be the ancient Egyptians brewed Interestingly， the dance culture， there is a wine dance in the wine grape harvest， celebration dance Wine in the Precious Blood of Jesus Christ as Christian There are many wine To finished color， can be divided into red wine， white wine and pink wine three Red wine which can be broken down into dry red wine， semi-dry red wine， semi-sweet red wine and sweet red White wine is broken down into dry white wine， white wine semi-， semi-sweet white wine and sweet white Approach to brewing， distillation wine can be divided into (Still wine)， the bubble wine (Sparkling wine)， Jialie wine (Fortified wine) and the Modified wine (Aromatized wine) Of general wine alcohol content of about 8-15%， but Jialie of alcohol in wine may be Wine and liquor completely soil， climate and wine skills， among other factors， but the flavor is completely wine brewing techniques depends on factors such as the impact， but the wine is completely dependent on the flavor of wine grape varieties Wine raw materials - grapes originating in the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea， between the Caucasus region， until the Western Han Dynasty， the Western Regions-Zhang Qian conveyed to China At present grape has been widely introduced to the rest of the world， mainly as a wine raw But the world's best and most famous wine producing mostly to France， French wine brewing history Duishuo to the Roman As France mild climate， in addition to some of the northern Normandy region， the country can produce high quality In 1996， more than 818，000 hectares of the total of vineyards， 13 production wine regions， wine production over 6 billion France can be said to be one of the countries with rich

葡萄酒文化鉴赏论文

LZ: 在味觉、感觉、精神方面都会有体会。

给你一篇关于中国养生干红葡萄酒的文化稿子吧。不知道是不是适合呢。养生干红的品牌传奇歌德曾说：我跟葡萄酒在精神上的对话能使我产生伟大的思想，使我创造出美妙的事物！那么，跟一位几乎与歌德同时代的欧洲人对话，能否产生同样美妙的事物呢？植物配方养生干红葡萄酒百利生告诉您，这也是可以的，这位欧洲人280年前来到中国，是一位意大利传教士，名叫罗怀中，而百利生便是这对话的美妙产物。天主教修士酿造了欧洲最好的葡萄酒中世纪，天主教西多会的修士们通过品咂葡萄园里的土壤来确定种植哪一种葡萄，他们沉迷于对葡萄品种的研究与改良，培育了欧洲最好的葡萄品种；同时，他们也是最好的葡萄酒酿造专家，掌握着酿造灵性的源泉。中世纪欧洲最好的葡萄酒都存储在天主教修道院的地下酒窖里，这是人尽皆知的事实。传教士将西洋葡萄酒带到中国明末以来，天主教传教士来华日多，给中国带来天文、算术、历法、医学、绘画、音乐等方面的实用技术，精通药理的传教士罗德先配制的胭脂红酒止住了康熙皇帝严重的心悸症，于是西洋葡萄酒受到王公贵族的瞩目。康熙四十八年（1709年）一月二十五日，康熙在一道上谕中表扬西洋人南怀仁、安文思、徐日升等为清廷效力。说他们在皇帝御体欠安时跪奏：“西洋上品葡萄酒乃大补之物，高年饮此，如婴童服人乳之力。谆谆泣陈，求朕进此，必然有益。朕鉴其诚，即准所奏，每日进葡萄酒几次，甚觉有益，饮膳亦加，每日竟进数次。朕体已经大安。”康熙对葡萄酒的喜爱促使各地大员闻风而动，他们广泛动员自己辖区的传教士多方进口，于是，专门为皇上运送西洋葡萄酒的包程驮轿，日夜兼程地奔波在通往京城的大道上。由此，西洋葡萄酒便一直作为“大补之物”常备在太医院的御药房里，这种情况一直持续到晚清，以致西洋葡萄酒也受到清代文人的褒赞：“红毛之酒红于血，色香异味三奇绝。”罗怀中品创养生葡萄酒拯救雍正在康熙崇尚西洋实用人才与制品的大气候下，两位意大利耶稣会才华横溢的的传教士——画师郎世宁和外科医生兼药剂师罗怀中，奉罗马教廷之命于康熙五十四年（1715）同船来华。郎世宁被封为“御前画师”；罗怀中以精通医术和医理被康熙封为“内廷行走”，他在华行医30余年。雍正十一年（1733），罗怀中将自己精心创制的植物配方葡萄酒三种，进献雍正。这是西洋葡萄酒与中国草药的首次交融，这不仅是世界葡萄酒文化的一个创举，也开创了中国养生葡萄酒的先河。罗怀中的葡萄御酒投雍正所好：雍正帝痴迷炼丹说明他关注养生，但是罗怀中也为雍正因迷恋丹药走火入魔而忧心。为了拯救雍正帝，罗怀中也从“养生”入题，采用了被清廷皇族认定为“大补之物”的西洋葡萄酒和御药房精选的中草药。他既是有经验的药剂师，又在清宫太医院行医多年，对中草药的药理药性捻熟于胸；同时作为精纯的天主教修士，罗怀中对来自欧洲的葡萄酒又有深切的体认，从天主教修士的角度说，葡萄酒有象征着“天主之血”的生命含义，葡萄酒不仅是神圣的，也是救命的！这些因素促成了罗怀中推出这一项具有划时代意义的发明。罗怀中的葡萄御酒是体现皇家气象的精品：罗怀中养生葡萄酒的创制是在规制森严的御药房里进行的，从选材到制备过程必须一丝不苟，精工细作，因为雍正皇帝是一位真正的“高人”，有人评价他“文学词章不亚于翰林进士，谈禅说道不逊于禅门宗师”，他见识广博生活品味极高，罗怀中的葡萄御酒必须是皇家极品，才能入得了雍正的法眼；另外，雍正一朝，公开传教已属违禁，作为传教士的罗怀中为了创造朝廷对传教士更宽松的待遇，他的创制也必须精益求精，为了取悦雍正，罗怀中只能毕其功于一役。罗怀中的葡萄御酒深符中医药学，确具养生实效：罗怀中本为一流外科医生，具有欧洲最先进的科学观念，尊重事实注重实效，他身边都是太医院的中医高手，把葡萄御酒创制出来之后首先要请同行品鉴，从口感口味到养生实效，可以说是遍参知识，因为献给皇帝的御品非同儿戏，充满科学实验精神的罗怀中，没把握他也不会拿出来。百草利生，大美圆融“百草利生，大美圆融”是对传教士罗怀中创制植物配方葡萄酒精神意蕴的评价，作为罗怀中的传人，百利生也把这句话尊奉为产品的核心价值。今天的科技进步，为重现280年前传教士洋御医罗怀中的非凡创举提供了有力条件。百利生聚集了国内中医药、生物酿造的专家团队，创造了三项发明专利，用现代生物萃取工艺，完美交融了红酒与药用植物，使罗怀中当年的创造在今天益发光大。百利生养生葡萄酒的植物配方以中医药理论为基础，经过长达三年的考校，从上百个组方中精选而出；百利生的酒汁只从天主教气息浓郁的意大利、法国、西班牙等国具有悠久葡萄酒手工酿造传统的酒庄中选取，“三年以上的干红陈酿基酒”是百利生选酒的铁律；药材则委托同仁堂遴选原产地天然有机的地道药材；欧洲庄园葡萄酒原汁与萃取的植物药精华经过28天低温浸制，让中药精华充分融入葡萄酒之中，再经过12个月的封窖储藏，使植物精华与葡萄酒在无氧环境中完成完美柔和二次发酵，才灌装成瓶；与酒体接触的瓶塞，采用世界著名品牌“诺玛科”（NOMACORC），避免木塞污染带来的霉味和其它异味，并提供稳定的氧通透率，让葡萄酒得到恰当的“呼吸”；每一瓶百利生都是在国家GMP认证的环境中生产出来，这个标准远远高于普通葡萄酒的生产质量标准。百利生研创了植物配方干红的新品类。百利生的专家团队是在解决了几十个技术难题之后，才确认传承了罗怀中养生葡萄御酒的精髓，实现了产品养生功效和口感口味的巧妙结合。慢慢品酌，百利生酒体晶莹浑厚，那种透过酒杯可见的凝脂感，让人觉得内涵丰富，这是再好的葡萄酒也无法呈现的凝脂感。果香和窖藏的香气，丝毫不逊于陈年葡萄酒，微微丝丝的苦涩，是灵芝的气韵，微苦之后，竟然是一种难得的回甘。百利生的医方药理和植物药性，切合历经数千年的中医药理论和实践。草本植物的菁华，借助葡萄酒温润的特性通达身体各处，能够起到“补气血、养肝肾、通五经”的养生实效。“百利生”的养生观念切合中国古来一直追求的人与自然的和谐相处、身心两利、补益、调和、平衡而有活力的一种生命状态。由此阐发出“百利生”的文化价值可以用三句话概括：圆融的精神追求；执着的品质追求；健康的生命追求。一言以蔽之，文化的圆融、品质的圆融以及生命的圆融，使百利生成为“圆融人生，精致生活”的象征。

这个题材太大了，何止可以写一篇论文啊，足足可以写本几百万字的书了。建议你要写类似的文章的话还是汲取某个国家某个特定的时间段来写，比如说古罗马时期的葡萄酒文化的形成，或者英格兰皇室对波尔多产区葡萄酒产业和葡萄酒文化的促进作用，庞贝古城与葡萄酒文明等，葡萄酒文化与基督教文化的互相渗透等等。

葡萄酒文化与鉴赏论文英文翻译

We need to pay more efforts in wine， wine prices may be higher， we need more understanding， our careful treat， but at the same time， they also elegant give us in return， each one of our body and mind will produce more intense Exploring the famous grape origin of gold hill， Napa Valley， Bordeaux， piedmont， Moselle valley brewing which wine is worth it， if you want to take some risks， to Central Otago， Vera special Valley， Ribera del Duero or Okanagon Valley， looking for the best quality

葡萄酒，是用葡萄果实或葡萄汁，经过发酵酿制而成的酒精饮料。在水果中，由于葡萄的葡萄糖含量较高，贮存一段时间就会发出酒味，因此常常以葡萄酿酒。葡萄酒是目前世界上产量最大、普及最广的单糖酿造酒。早在六千年以前，在盛产葡萄的地中海区域，两河流域的苏美尔人和尼罗河流域的古埃及人就会酿造葡萄酒。有趣的是，在舞蹈文化中，有一种葡萄酒舞是在酿酒用葡萄丰收时，庆祝的团体舞蹈。葡萄酒在基督教被视为耶稣基督宝血的象征物。 葡萄酒有许多分类方式。以成品颜色来说，可分为红葡萄酒、白葡萄酒及粉红葡萄酒三类。其中红葡萄酒又可细分为干红葡萄酒、半干红葡萄酒、半甜红葡萄酒和甜红葡萄酒。白葡萄酒则细分为干白葡萄酒、半干白葡萄酒、半甜白葡萄酒和甜白葡萄酒。以酿造方式来说，可以分为蒸馏葡萄酒(Still wine)、气泡葡萄酒(Sparkling wine)、加烈葡萄酒(Fortified wine)和加味葡萄酒(Aromatized wine)四类。其中一般葡萄酒的酒精含量约为百分之八到十五，然而加烈葡萄酒的酒精含量可能会更高。 葡萄酒的酒性完全受到土壤、气候以及酿酒技巧等因素的影响，但是酒的风味却完全取决于酿酒技巧等因素的影响，但是酒的风味却完全取决于酿酒葡萄的品种的不同。葡萄酒的原料－葡萄原产于黑海与里海之间的外高加索地区，直到西汉时经张骞通西域才传到中国。目前葡萄已经被广泛引种到世界各地，主要是作为酿酒原料。但世界最好及最有名的葡萄酒大多产至法国，法国葡萄酒的酿造历史可追朔到罗马帝国时期。由于法国气候温和，除了北部诺曼底一些区域以外，全国都能生产高质量的葡萄。在1996年时，全国共有超过818000公顷的葡萄园，13个产酒区域，葡萄酒产量超过46亿公升。法国可以说是盛产葡萄酒的国家之一。Wine， grapes， fruit or juice after fermentation to brew alcoholic beverages from In the fruit， because of high glucose content of grapes， storage will be issued alcohol for a period of time， often in Wine production is currently the world's largest and most widely popular monosaccharide brewing As early as 6，000 Years ago， in the Mediterranean region rich grape， the Sumerian Mesopotamia and the Nile Basin will be the ancient Egyptians brewed Interestingly， the dance culture， there is a wine dance in the wine grape harvest， celebration dance Wine in the Precious Blood of Jesus Christ as Christian There are many wine To finished color， can be divided into red wine， white wine and pink wine three Red wine which can be broken down into dry red wine， semi-dry red wine， semi-sweet red wine and sweet red White wine is broken down into dry white wine， white wine semi-， semi-sweet white wine and sweet white Approach to brewing， distillation wine can be divided into (Still wine)， the bubble wine (Sparkling wine)， Jialie wine (Fortified wine) and the Modified wine (Aromatized wine) Of general wine alcohol content of about 8-15%， but Jialie of alcohol in wine may be Wine and liquor completely soil， climate and wine skills， among other factors， but the flavor is completely wine brewing techniques depends on factors such as the impact， but the wine is completely dependent on the flavor of wine grape varieties Wine raw materials - grapes originating in the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea， between the Caucasus region， until the Western Han Dynasty， the Western Regions-Zhang Qian conveyed to China At present grape has been widely introduced to the rest of the world， mainly as a wine raw But the world's best and most famous wine producing mostly to France， French wine brewing history Duishuo to the Roman As France mild climate， in addition to some of the northern Normandy region， the country can produce high quality In 1996， more than 818，000 hectares of the total of vineyards， 13 production wine regions， wine production over 6 billion France can be said to be one of the countries with rich

意译：如何收获一瓶优质的葡萄酒，那需要我们付出更多的努力。是的，他们可能更昂贵，更需要去了解他的成长，还要更悉心地去对待他们但那都是值得的，因为，他们总会给予更高的回报。每一口的品尝，都是身心的一次完美体验。那些著名葡萄产地，比如金丘、纳帕河谷、波尔多、皮埃蒙特、摩泽尔河谷酿造的那些葡萄酒，真是物有所值当然，如果你有冒险精神，去奥塔哥中部地区、维拉美特谷，斗罗河岸或奥肯纳根河谷吧，那儿有最优质的葡萄酒在等着你。