建筑工程论文3000字英文名篇

建筑工程论文3000字英文名篇

土木工程的英文是Civil Engineering ，直译是民用工程，它是建造各种工程的统称。它既指建设的对象，即建造在地上，地下，水中的工程设施，也指应用的材料设备和进行的勘测，设计施工，保养，维修等专业技术。土木工程随着人类社会的进步而发展，至今已经演变成为大型综合性的学科，它已经出许多分支，如：建筑工程，铁路工程，道路工程，桥梁工程，特种工程结构，给水排水工程，港口工程，水利工程，环境工程等学科。土木工程共有六个专业：建筑学，城市规划，土木工程，建筑环境与设备工程，给水排水工程和道路桥梁工程。土木工程作为一个重要的基础学科，有其重要的属性：综合性，社会性，实践性，统一性。土木工程为国民经济的发展和人民生活的改善提供了重要的物质技术基础，对众多产业的振兴发挥了促进作用，工程建设是形成固定资产的基本生产过程，因此，建筑业和房地产成为许多国家和地区的经济支柱之一。古代的土木工程有很长的时间跨度，大致从公元前500年新石器时代出现原始的土木工程活动到16世纪末意大利的文艺复兴，导致土木工程走上迅速发展的道路为止，前后经历了两千多年。在这段时间内，由于科学理论发展及其缓慢，土木工程也没有突破习惯的发展。从17世纪中页开始到20 世纪40年代第二次世界大战结束为止的300年间，国外的建筑取得了长足的进步。土木工程进入了定量分析阶段。一些理论的发展，新材料的出现，新工具的发明，都使土木工程科学日渐完善和成熟。到了近代，二战结束之后，许多国家经济起飞，现代科学日益进步，从而为进一步发展提供了强大的动力和物质基础。人们生活水平的不断提高，必然要求越来越舒适的居住环境，在这种情况下，建筑的发展直接推动了土木工程的发展。总的来说土木工程是一门古老的学科，它已经取得了巨大的成就，未来的土木工程将在人们的生活中占据更重要的地位。地球环境的日益恶化，人口的不断增加，人们为了争取生存，为了争取更舒适的生存环境，必将更加重视土木工程。在不久的将来，一些重大项目将会陆续兴建，插入云霄的摩天大楼，横跨大样的桥梁，更加方便的交通将不是梦想。科技的发展，以及地球不断恶化的环境必将促使土木工程向太空和海洋发展，为人类提供更广阔的生存空间。近年来，工程材料主要是钢筋，混凝土，木材和砖材，在未来，传统材料将得到改观，一些全新的更加适合建筑的材料将问世，尤其是化学合成材料将推动建筑走向更高点。同时，设计方法的精确化，设计工作的自动化，信息和智能话技术的全面引入，将会是人们有一个更加舒适的居住环境。一句话，理论的发展，新材料的出现，计算机的应用，高新技术的引入等都将使土木工程有一个新的飞跃English is the Civil Engineering Civil Engineering， civil engineering is literally， it is the construction of the project It means building objects that the construction on the ground， underground， water works facilities， equipment and materials to use in surveying， design construction， maintenance， repair and other professional Civil Engineering with the progress of the human society， has been transformed into large integrated disciplines， it has a number of branches， such as : construction， rail projects， road projects， bridge projects， special project structure， water drainage works， the port project， water， environmental engineering A total of six professional Civil Engineering : architecture， urban planning， civil engineering， construction and environmental engineering equipment， water drainage works and road bridge Civil Engineering as an important foundation subjects， its important attribute : an integrated， social， practicality， Civil Engineering for the development of the national economy and improve the living standards of the people provided important material and technological foundation for the revitalization of many industries played a catalytic role in the construction of fixed assets is a basic production process， the construction and real estate in many countries and regions become a pillar of the economyAncient Civil Engineering has a long time span， roughly 500 years before Christ from the original date in civil engineering activities to the 16 century Italian Renaissance， resulting in the rapid development of the Civil Engineering on the road today， and has experienced more than 2，000 During this period， due to the development of scientific theories and slow， there is no breakthrough in civil engineering Century from 17 pages to 40 years in the 20th century end of the Second World War 300 years， foreign construction made great Civil Engineering has entered a phase of quantitative Some theoretical development， the emergence of new materials， new tools of invention， the Civil Engineering Science is perfection and In modern times， after the end of World War II， many countries economic takeoff， the increasing advances of modern science， so as to provide a powerful impetus to further development and material People's living conditions continue to improve， more and more comfortable living environment for the inevitable in the circumstances， the construction of development directly to the Civil Engineering

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Along with the our country economic development rapid development， the lives of the people level unceasing enhancement， the city uses to be day by day anxious， urges the building to face the direction is This kind of high level civil construction repair needed materials and the way also more hasten the diversification， and along with uses electricity the load and coal gas consumption quantity enlarging， proposed to the fire auto-alarm system design is higher， a stricter In order to guarantee the people life and property the security， the fire auto-alarm system design has become in the high level civil construction design one of most important design Presently based on the author fire of auto-alarm system design overseeing work in the high level civil building experience， proposed in present national related standard and standard unclear true detail shallow opinion， by for the colleagues to discuss and to point out First， design basis The fire auto-alarm system design is a specialized very strong technology work， at the same time also has the very strong policy- Therefore， first should be clear about the following design basis: 1st， must grasp the architectural design fire protection standard， the system design standard， the equipment manufacture standard， the installment construction approval standard and the administration laws and regulations and so on five big aspects fire laws and regulations， and in practical understanding present country related standard and standard positive word: "Must"， "be supposed"， "to be suitable"， "may" and the reverse side word: "Strictly prohibits"， "should not"， "not have"， "not to be suitable" the 2nd， must aim at high level civil building function， use and the protection object fire protection rank， earnestly carries out the present national related standard and the standard， earnestly treats the public security fire prevention surveillance department the examination and approval Second， fire auto-alarm system equipment establishmentFire detector establishmentOpens wide either the seal or the stair hall should alone divide the search coverage， and each 2 ~ 3 establish a fire The first room (including guards against in front of smoke stair hall in front of room， fire elevator room， fire elevator with guards against the front room which smoke stair hall comes in handy) and the aisle should distinguish alone to divide the search coverage， specially front the room and the lift well， the scattered stair hall and the aisle are interlinked， has time the fire haze to be easier to gather or to flow， is the personnel disperses which saves goal with the fire prevention， therefore should install the fire Regarding common elevator in front of room although is not the personnel disperses ， but this front room and the lift well are interlinked， has time the fire haze to be also easy to gather or to flow， suitably alone divides the search coverage and installs the fire The electric cable shaft therefore is easy to form pulls out the smoke inflammation the channel; Has when the fire the fire intensity not easily extends along the electric cable burns， for this， "the high level civil construction design fire protection standard" and "the civil construction electricity design standard" separately proposes the detailed specific stipulation in the construction and in the electric wire or on the electric cable But considered implements specifically the difficulty and the present situation， the electric cable shaft installs the fire detector is extremely essential， and coordinates the shaft the fire protection separation request， each 2 ~ 3 or each level The elevator machine room should install the fire detector， its elevator is the important vertical transportation vehicle; Its two elevator machine room has has the fire risk; Its three lift well existence essential opens the hole， like the level gate opens between the hole， the air vent， the between permanence opens the hole with the elevator machine room or the pulley and so on; Its four when has the fire， the lift well often becomes the fire intensity spread the channel， is easy to threaten the elevator machine room the Therefore， the elevator machine room establishes the fire detector is necessary， crown of also suitable establishment fire detector lift 2nd， the manual fire reports to the police the button establishment(Including guards against in front of smoke stair hall in view of various floors front room in front of room， fire elevator room， fire elevator with guards against which smoke stair hall to come in handy the front room) is has when the fire the personnel to disperse which saves goal with fire prevention， should report to the police the button first choice spot as the establishment manual In addition， the room also should establish the manual fire to the common elevator in front of to report to the police the In the public active place (including hall， hall， dining room， multi-purpose hall and so on) and the main thoroughfare and so on place， the personnel very is all centralized， and mainly disperses the Therefore should report to the police the button in these public active places main access establishment manual fires; The manual fire establishes which in the main thoroughfare reports to the police the button to guarantee "to a manual fire which most is close to reports to the police the button distance from a fire protection district any position not to be supposed to be bigger than 30 meters"3rd， the fire emergency broadcasts the speaker the establishmentThe aisle， the hall， the dining room and so on the public place personnel very are all centralized， and mainly disperses the Therefore should press in these public places "to a recent speaker distance is not bigger than 25 meters from a fire protection district any spot" and "in the aisle last should not be bigger than 5 meters the speaker to the aisle terminal distance" the establishment fire emergency to broadcast the speaker; Next also should establish the fire in the public bathroom place emergency to broadcast the The first room (including guards against in front of smoke stair hall in front of room， fire elevator room， fire elevator with guards against which smoke stair hall to come in handy the front room) is has when the fire the personnel to disperse which saves goal with fire prevention， also has the fire door separation and the sounds of people is confused and noisy， therefore should establish the fire emergency to broadcast the In front of the common elevator the room also should establish the fire emergency to broadcast the Disperses the stair hall also is has when the fire the personnel to disperse which saves goal with the fire prevention， also the sounds of people are confused and noisy， therefore should establish the fire emergency to broadcast the speaker， by favors the fire emergency broadcast to disperse the 4th， fire alarm installment establishmentThe establishment fire emergency broadcast fire auto-alarm system， the author thought also should install the fire alarm installment， but its control procedure should be: The alarm apparatus should confirm after the fire， uses manual or the automatic control mode unification to the fire correlation region transmission warning， stops the alarm apparatus work in the stipulation time， the rapid linkage fire emergency broadcast and broadcasts to the people disperses the The fire alarm installment establishment position， the author thought should report to the police the button position with the manual fire to be same， its wall surface installment should for be apart from the ground 8 meters highly5th， fire special use telephone establishmentInstalls the fire special use telephone extension telephone， should be located the engine room which related also some people is on duty frequently with the fire linkage control (including fire water plant， spare electricity generation engine room， matches substation， mainly ventilates with air conditioning engine room， discharges fume engine room， fire prevention elevator machine room and other)， the fire fighting control system operates the equipment place or the control room， the fire duty officers observation room， the security manages spot and so on public Sedan of theater box the fire elevator and in the ordinary elevator all should suppose the special use telephone， requests the elevator machine room and the elevator sedan theater box， the elevator machine room and the fire control room， the elevator sedan theater box and the fire control room and so on three compositions is reliable to speaks the correspondence telephone Usually in fire control room; The establishment elevator monitoring demonstration plate (including position indicator， direction indicating lamp， to speaks correspondence telephone， trouble lamp and so on)， in order to carries on the necessity to the elevator running status which in the surveillance and the emergency case Is equipped with the manual fire to report to the police position and so on button， fire hydrant button also should install the fire special use telephone Third， fire linkage control 1st， the fire linkage control should include the control fire pump to open， to stop， also should demonstrate opens pumps the button the position and the fire pump work and the When the fire hydrant is equipped with the fire hydrant button， its electric installation work spot also should demonstrate the fire pump the working mode active status (namely establishment fire pump work indicating lamp) 2nd， the fire linkage control should include the control spraying of water and the water atomization fire fighting system opens， stops， also should demonstrate the fire pump the work and the malfunction and the fluent display， reports to the police the valve， the safety signal valve working mode active In addition， to the basin， the water tank water level also should carry on the demonstration monitor; In order to prevent the overhaul signal valve is shut down， the author thought should use the belt electric signal the control signal valve by to demonstrate it opens the 3rd， the fire linkage control other controls and the demonstration function， should carry out the present national related standard and the standard specific Fourth， fire auto-alarm system wiringIn order to prevent the fire occurs when the fire control， the correspondence and the warning line severance， causes the fire fighting work to be unable to carry on， creates the bigger economic loss; Also for the suppression electronmagetic interference (for example transformer， electric motor， electric cable and so on) the influence which produces to the fire auto-alarm The fire auto-alarm system transmission line and the fire control， the correspondence and the warning line should use the being flame-resistant electric cable， and should use the metal tube or the enclosed metal trunking The fire manual positive governing installment line should use the fireproof electric cable， its electric cable also should use the metal tube or the enclosed metal trunking Uses Ming Fushi， should takes the fire protection protective measures on the metal tube or the enclosed metal Fifth， concluding remarkThe author rests on the concrete project to implement the experience， elaborated the design basis， fire auto-alarm design actual problem and so on system equipment establishment， fire linkage control and its wiring pulls out some shallow opinions， its goal is enhances the fire auto-alarm system the design quality， discovered early and the notification fire， prevented and reduces the fire to harm， by protects the person and the property 随着我国经济发展快速发展，人民生活的水平不断提高，城市使用是每天着急，敦促建设面临着发展的方向。这种高层次的民间建筑维修所需的材料和方式也更加多样化加快，而且随着使用电力负荷和煤气消费量扩大，提议消防自动报警系统设计较高，更严格的要求。为了保证人民生命和财产的安全，消防自动报警系统的设计已经成为在高级别民间建筑设计的一个最重要的设计内容。目前的基础上撰文火灾自动报警系统设计监督工作的高层次的民间建设的经验，建议在目前国家相关标准和标准不清楚真正详细浅见解，为同事们的讨论，并指出错误。 首先，设计依据 火灾自动报警系统的设计是一家专业非常强的技术工作，同时还具有很强的政策性。因此，首先应明确以下设计依据： 第一，必须紧紧抓住的建筑设计防火标准，该系统的设计标准，标准的设备制造，安装施工审批标准和管理的法律和规章等五大方面的消防法律法规，并在实际了解国家有关本标准和标准积极字： “必须” ， “必须假定” ， “不适合” ， “可能”和反面词： “严格禁止” ， “不应该” ， “没有” ， “不适合“的含义。 第二，必须着眼于高层次的民间建筑的功能，利用和保护对象的防火等级，认真开展本标准和国家有关标准，认真对待公安防火监督部门的审批意见。 其次，火灾自动报警系统设备的建立 建立火灾探测器 要么全打开的印章或楼梯大厅应单独划分搜索范围，每个2 〜 3建立火灾探测器。 第一个房间（包括防前面的烟雾大厅楼梯前室，消防电梯间，消防电梯防前面房间烟雾楼梯大会堂来用场）和过道应区分单独划分搜索范围，特别是前面的房间，以及电梯，分散楼梯大厅和走道都是相互关联的，有时间的火灾烟雾比较容易收集或流动，是人员分散保存目标与防火，因此，应该安装火警探测器。关于共同电梯前室虽然不是人员分散，而且这方面的空间和良好的电梯是相互关联的，有时间的火灾烟雾也很容易被收集或流动，适当地划分为单独的搜索覆盖面和安装消防探测器。 电缆轴因此很容易形成掏出烟炎症渠道，拥有火灾时的火强度不容易延伸沿电缆燃烧，为此， “高级别民间建筑设计防火标准”和“民用建筑电气设计标准“分别提出了详细具体的规定，在建筑和在电线或电缆塑造。但认为具体实施的难度和目前的情况下，电缆竖井安装了火灾探测器是非常必要的，坐标轴的防火分隔要求，每2 〜 3或每一级安装。 电梯机房应安装火灾探测器，它的电梯是重要的垂直交通工具，其两个电梯机房已具有火灾危险性，其存在的三个基本解除以及打开洞，像打开闸门的水平之间的球洞，在气孔，持久的关系打开了洞与电梯机房或滑轮等，其时，有四个火，升降机以及往往成为火灾强度传播渠道，很容易危及电梯机房设施。因此，电梯机房建立了火灾探测器是必要的，也适用于皇冠建立火灾探测器举井。 2 ，手动火警报警按钮建立 （包括防前面的烟雾楼梯大厅鉴于各层前房间前面的房间，消防电梯间，消防电梯防这些烟雾楼梯大会堂派上用场前室）是有火灾时人员驱散节省目标，防火，应立即向警方举报的按钮，首选地点设立手动火警。此外，该室也应建立防火手册的共同电梯前，向警方报案的按钮。 在公共活动场所（包括会堂，礼堂，餐厅，多功能厅等）和主要通道等场所，是所有工作人员非常集中，主要是分散的渠道。因此，应立即向警方举报的按钮，在这些公共活动场所主要通道设立手册火灾;该手册规定的火灾中的主要通道报警按钮，以保证“ ，以手动火警最接近报警按钮距离防火区的任何位置不应该超过30米。 “ 第三，消防紧急广播喇叭建立 走道，大厅，餐厅等公共场所的工作人员都非常集中，主要是分散的渠道。因此，应该按这些公共场所的“最近的一项发言距离不超过25米的防火保护区的任何位置”和“在走道上不应大于十二点五米扬声器的过道末端距离”建立消防应急广播喇叭;下一步还应当建立消防在公共浴室的地方紧急广播喇叭。 第一个房间（包括防前面的烟雾大厅楼梯前室，消防电梯间，消防电梯防这些烟雾楼梯大会堂派上用场前室）是有火灾时的人员驱散节省目标与防火，也有分离和防火门的声音，人民的混乱和嘈杂，因此，应建立消防应急广播喇叭。在前面的共同电梯房也应建立消防应急广播喇叭。分散大厅楼梯也已经火灾时的人员驱散节省目标与防火，也是人民的声音和嘈杂的混淆，因此应建立消防应急广播喇叭，由主张消防紧急广播驱散指令。 第四，建立火灾报警装置 建立消防应急广播火灾自动报警系统，笔者认为还应该安装消防报警装置，但它的控制程序应该是：该报警器应确认火灾后，利用手动或自动控制模式统一消防相关区域传输预警，报警器停止工作时间的规定，迅速联系消防应急广播和电视节目，并且分散了人们的指示。 火警警报装置建立的立场，笔者认为应该向警方报案的按钮位置的手动火警是相同的，它的墙面安装应为距地面8米高度 第五，消防专用电话设立 安装消防专用电话分机电话，应设机房其中也涉及一些人是在工作地点经常与消防联动控制（包括消防给水设备，备件发电机房，火柴变电站，主要ventilates空调引擎室，排放烟气轮机室，防火电梯机房及其他） ，消防控制系统的经营场所或设备的控制室，消防责任人员观察室，现场的安全管理等公共空间。轿车的影院中消防电梯和普通电梯应假设所有使用的特殊电话，请电梯机房和电梯轿车影院中，电梯机房及消防控制室，电梯轿车影院方块和消防控制室等三个成分是可靠的讲通信电话系统。通常在消防控制室;建立电梯监测演示板（包括位置指示器，显示方向灯，以讲信函电话，麻烦灯等） ，以进行必要的电梯在运行状态的监视和紧急情况下的控制。 配备了手动火警报警位置等按钮，消火栓按钮，还应该安装消防专用电话插座。 第三，消防联动控制 第一，消防联动控制应包括控制消防泵开启，停止，也应表现出的按钮，打开泵的位置和消防泵的工作和故障。当消火栓设有消火栓按钮时，其电气安装工程现场也应表现出的消防泵的工作模式有效状态（即建立消防泵工作表明灯） 。 第二，消防联动控制应包括控制喷洒水和水雾化灭火系统打开，停止，也应表现出的消防泵的工作和故障和流利显示，报警阀，安全信号阀工作模式积极的地位。此外，该盆地，水箱水位也应进行示范监测;为了防止检修信号阀关闭，作者认为应该使用带电信号控制信号阀证明它打开条件。 第三，消防联动控制其他控制和示范作用，应进行本标准和国家有关标准的具体规定。 第四，火灾自动报警系统布线 为了防止火灾发生时，消防控制，通信和警戒线遣散，使灭火工作无法进行，造成了更大的经济损失，也为抑制electronmagetic干扰（例如变压器，电电机，电缆等）的影响而产生的火灾自动报警系统。火灾自动报警系统的输电线路和消防控制，通信和预警线应使用被阻燃电缆，并应使用金属管或封闭式金属线槽保护。消防手册积极理事分期付款行应使用防火电缆，其电缆也应使用金属管或封闭式金属线槽保护。使用明复，应采取防火保护措施的金属管或封闭金属Fifth ，结论备注 作者取决于具体的项目实施经验，阐述了设计依据，火灾自动报警设计和实际问题，以便建立系统设备，消防联动控制及其接线拿出一些肤浅的意见，其目的是增强了火灾自动报警系统的设计质量，早期发现，并通知消防，预防和减少火灾危害，通过保护个人和财产安全。

我要用来做翻译作业，最好是幼儿园建筑

建筑工程论文3000字英文名

Along with the our country economic development rapid development， the lives of the people level unceasing enhancement， the city uses to be day by day anxious， urges the building to face the direction is This kind of high level civil construction repair needed materials and the way also more hasten the diversification， and along with uses electricity the load and coal gas consumption quantity enlarging， proposed to the fire auto-alarm system design is higher， a stricter In order to guarantee the people life and property the security， the fire auto-alarm system design has become in the high level civil construction design one of most important design Presently based on the author fire of auto-alarm system design overseeing work in the high level civil building experience， proposed in present national related standard and standard unclear true detail shallow opinion， by for the colleagues to discuss and to point out First， design basis The fire auto-alarm system design is a specialized very strong technology work， at the same time also has the very strong policy- Therefore， first should be clear about the following design basis: 1st， must grasp the architectural design fire protection standard， the system design standard， the equipment manufacture standard， the installment construction approval standard and the administration laws and regulations and so on five big aspects fire laws and regulations， and in practical understanding present country related standard and standard positive word: "Must"， "be supposed"， "to be suitable"， "may" and the reverse side word: "Strictly prohibits"， "should not"， "not have"， "not to be suitable" the 2nd， must aim at high level civil building function， use and the protection object fire protection rank， earnestly carries out the present national related standard and the standard， earnestly treats the public security fire prevention surveillance department the examination and approval Second， fire auto-alarm system equipment establishmentFire detector establishmentOpens wide either the seal or the stair hall should alone divide the search coverage， and each 2 ~ 3 establish a fire The first room (including guards against in front of smoke stair hall in front of room， fire elevator room， fire elevator with guards against the front room which smoke stair hall comes in handy) and the aisle should distinguish alone to divide the search coverage， specially front the room and the lift well， the scattered stair hall and the aisle are interlinked， has time the fire haze to be easier to gather or to flow， is the personnel disperses which saves goal with the fire prevention， therefore should install the fire Regarding common elevator in front of room although is not the personnel disperses ， but this front room and the lift well are interlinked， has time the fire haze to be also easy to gather or to flow， suitably alone divides the search coverage and installs the fire The electric cable shaft therefore is easy to form pulls out the smoke inflammation the channel; Has when the fire the fire intensity not easily extends along the electric cable burns， for this， "the high level civil construction design fire protection standard" and "the civil construction electricity design standard" separately proposes the detailed specific stipulation in the construction and in the electric wire or on the electric cable But considered implements specifically the difficulty and the present situation， the electric cable shaft installs the fire detector is extremely essential， and coordinates the shaft the fire protection separation request， each 2 ~ 3 or each level The elevator machine room should install the fire detector， its elevator is the important vertical transportation vehicle; Its two elevator machine room has has the fire risk; Its three lift well existence essential opens the hole， like the level gate opens between the hole， the air vent， the between permanence opens the hole with the elevator machine room or the pulley and so on; Its four when has the fire， the lift well often becomes the fire intensity spread the channel， is easy to threaten the elevator machine room the Therefore， the elevator machine room establishes the fire detector is necessary， crown of also suitable establishment fire detector lift 2nd， the manual fire reports to the police the button establishment(Including guards against in front of smoke stair hall in view of various floors front room in front of room， fire elevator room， fire elevator with guards against which smoke stair hall to come in handy the front room) is has when the fire the personnel to disperse which saves goal with fire prevention， should report to the police the button first choice spot as the establishment manual In addition， the room also should establish the manual fire to the common elevator in front of to report to the police the In the public active place (including hall， hall， dining room， multi-purpose hall and so on) and the main thoroughfare and so on place， the personnel very is all centralized， and mainly disperses the Therefore should report to the police the button in these public active places main access establishment manual fires; The manual fire establishes which in the main thoroughfare reports to the police the button to guarantee "to a manual fire which most is close to reports to the police the button distance from a fire protection district any position not to be supposed to be bigger than 30 meters"3rd， the fire emergency broadcasts the speaker the establishmentThe aisle， the hall， the dining room and so on the public place personnel very are all centralized， and mainly disperses the Therefore should press in these public places "to a recent speaker distance is not bigger than 25 meters from a fire protection district any spot" and "in the aisle last should not be bigger than 5 meters the speaker to the aisle terminal distance" the establishment fire emergency to broadcast the speaker; Next also should establish the fire in the public bathroom place emergency to broadcast the The first room (including guards against in front of smoke stair hall in front of room， fire elevator room， fire elevator with guards against which smoke stair hall to come in handy the front room) is has when the fire the personnel to disperse which saves goal with fire prevention， also has the fire door separation and the sounds of people is confused and noisy， therefore should establish the fire emergency to broadcast the In front of the common elevator the room also should establish the fire emergency to broadcast the Disperses the stair hall also is has when the fire the personnel to disperse which saves goal with the fire prevention， also the sounds of people are confused and noisy， therefore should establish the fire emergency to broadcast the speaker， by favors the fire emergency broadcast to disperse the 4th， fire alarm installment establishmentThe establishment fire emergency broadcast fire auto-alarm system， the author thought also should install the fire alarm installment， but its control procedure should be: The alarm apparatus should confirm after the fire， uses manual or the automatic control mode unification to the fire correlation region transmission warning， stops the alarm apparatus work in the stipulation time， the rapid linkage fire emergency broadcast and broadcasts to the people disperses the The fire alarm installment establishment position， the author thought should report to the police the button position with the manual fire to be same， its wall surface installment should for be apart from the ground 8 meters highly5th， fire special use telephone establishmentInstalls the fire special use telephone extension telephone， should be located the engine room which related also some people is on duty frequently with the fire linkage control (including fire water plant， spare electricity generation engine room， matches substation， mainly ventilates with air conditioning engine room， discharges fume engine room， fire prevention elevator machine room and other)， the fire fighting control system operates the equipment place or the control room， the fire duty officers observation room， the security manages spot and so on public Sedan of theater box the fire elevator and in the ordinary elevator all should suppose the special use telephone， requests the elevator machine room and the elevator sedan theater box， the elevator machine room and the fire control room， the elevator sedan theater box and the fire control room and so on three compositions is reliable to speaks the correspondence telephone Usually in fire control room; The establishment elevator monitoring demonstration plate (including position indicator， direction indicating lamp， to speaks correspondence telephone， trouble lamp and so on)， in order to carries on the necessity to the elevator running status which in the surveillance and the emergency case Is equipped with the manual fire to report to the police position and so on button， fire hydrant button also should install the fire special use telephone Third， fire linkage control 1st， the fire linkage control should include the control fire pump to open， to stop， also should demonstrate opens pumps the button the position and the fire pump work and the When the fire hydrant is equipped with the fire hydrant button， its electric installation work spot also should demonstrate the fire pump the working mode active status (namely establishment fire pump work indicating lamp) 2nd， the fire linkage control should include the control spraying of water and the water atomization fire fighting system opens， stops， also should demonstrate the fire pump the work and the malfunction and the fluent display， reports to the police the valve， the safety signal valve working mode active In addition， to the basin， the water tank water level also should carry on the demonstration monitor; In order to prevent the overhaul signal valve is shut down， the author thought should use the belt electric signal the control signal valve by to demonstrate it opens the 3rd， the fire linkage control other controls and the demonstration function， should carry out the present national related standard and the standard specific Fourth， fire auto-alarm system wiringIn order to prevent the fire occurs when the fire control， the correspondence and the warning line severance， causes the fire fighting work to be unable to carry on， creates the bigger economic loss; Also for the suppression electronmagetic interference (for example transformer， electric motor， electric cable and so on) the influence which produces to the fire auto-alarm The fire auto-alarm system transmission line and the fire control， the correspondence and the warning line should use the being flame-resistant electric cable， and should use the metal tube or the enclosed metal trunking The fire manual positive governing installment line should use the fireproof electric cable， its electric cable also should use the metal tube or the enclosed metal trunking Uses Ming Fushi， should takes the fire protection protective measures on the metal tube or the enclosed metal Fifth， concluding remarkThe author rests on the concrete project to implement the experience， elaborated the design basis， fire auto-alarm design actual problem and so on system equipment establishment， fire linkage control and its wiring pulls out some shallow opinions， its goal is enhances the fire auto-alarm system the design quality， discovered early and the notification fire， prevented and reduces the fire to harm， by protects the person and the property 随着我国经济发展快速发展，人民生活的水平不断提高，城市使用是每天着急，敦促建设面临着发展的方向。这种高层次的民间建筑维修所需的材料和方式也更加多样化加快，而且随着使用电力负荷和煤气消费量扩大，提议消防自动报警系统设计较高，更严格的要求。为了保证人民生命和财产的安全，消防自动报警系统的设计已经成为在高级别民间建筑设计的一个最重要的设计内容。目前的基础上撰文火灾自动报警系统设计监督工作的高层次的民间建设的经验，建议在目前国家相关标准和标准不清楚真正详细浅见解，为同事们的讨论，并指出错误。 首先，设计依据 火灾自动报警系统的设计是一家专业非常强的技术工作，同时还具有很强的政策性。因此，首先应明确以下设计依据： 第一，必须紧紧抓住的建筑设计防火标准，该系统的设计标准，标准的设备制造，安装施工审批标准和管理的法律和规章等五大方面的消防法律法规，并在实际了解国家有关本标准和标准积极字： “必须” ， “必须假定” ， “不适合” ， “可能”和反面词： “严格禁止” ， “不应该” ， “没有” ， “不适合“的含义。 第二，必须着眼于高层次的民间建筑的功能，利用和保护对象的防火等级，认真开展本标准和国家有关标准，认真对待公安防火监督部门的审批意见。 其次，火灾自动报警系统设备的建立 建立火灾探测器 要么全打开的印章或楼梯大厅应单独划分搜索范围，每个2 〜 3建立火灾探测器。 第一个房间（包括防前面的烟雾大厅楼梯前室，消防电梯间，消防电梯防前面房间烟雾楼梯大会堂来用场）和过道应区分单独划分搜索范围，特别是前面的房间，以及电梯，分散楼梯大厅和走道都是相互关联的，有时间的火灾烟雾比较容易收集或流动，是人员分散保存目标与防火，因此，应该安装火警探测器。关于共同电梯前室虽然不是人员分散，而且这方面的空间和良好的电梯是相互关联的，有时间的火灾烟雾也很容易被收集或流动，适当地划分为单独的搜索覆盖面和安装消防探测器。 电缆轴因此很容易形成掏出烟炎症渠道，拥有火灾时的火强度不容易延伸沿电缆燃烧，为此， “高级别民间建筑设计防火标准”和“民用建筑电气设计标准“分别提出了详细具体的规定，在建筑和在电线或电缆塑造。但认为具体实施的难度和目前的情况下，电缆竖井安装了火灾探测器是非常必要的，坐标轴的防火分隔要求，每2 〜 3或每一级安装。 电梯机房应安装火灾探测器，它的电梯是重要的垂直交通工具，其两个电梯机房已具有火灾危险性，其存在的三个基本解除以及打开洞，像打开闸门的水平之间的球洞，在气孔，持久的关系打开了洞与电梯机房或滑轮等，其时，有四个火，升降机以及往往成为火灾强度传播渠道，很容易危及电梯机房设施。因此，电梯机房建立了火灾探测器是必要的，也适用于皇冠建立火灾探测器举井。 2 ，手动火警报警按钮建立 （包括防前面的烟雾楼梯大厅鉴于各层前房间前面的房间，消防电梯间，消防电梯防这些烟雾楼梯大会堂派上用场前室）是有火灾时人员驱散节省目标，防火，应立即向警方举报的按钮，首选地点设立手动火警。此外，该室也应建立防火手册的共同电梯前，向警方报案的按钮。 在公共活动场所（包括会堂，礼堂，餐厅，多功能厅等）和主要通道等场所，是所有工作人员非常集中，主要是分散的渠道。因此，应立即向警方举报的按钮，在这些公共活动场所主要通道设立手册火灾;该手册规定的火灾中的主要通道报警按钮，以保证“ ，以手动火警最接近报警按钮距离防火区的任何位置不应该超过30米。 “ 第三，消防紧急广播喇叭建立 走道，大厅，餐厅等公共场所的工作人员都非常集中，主要是分散的渠道。因此，应该按这些公共场所的“最近的一项发言距离不超过25米的防火保护区的任何位置”和“在走道上不应大于十二点五米扬声器的过道末端距离”建立消防应急广播喇叭;下一步还应当建立消防在公共浴室的地方紧急广播喇叭。 第一个房间（包括防前面的烟雾大厅楼梯前室，消防电梯间，消防电梯防这些烟雾楼梯大会堂派上用场前室）是有火灾时的人员驱散节省目标与防火，也有分离和防火门的声音，人民的混乱和嘈杂，因此，应建立消防应急广播喇叭。在前面的共同电梯房也应建立消防应急广播喇叭。分散大厅楼梯也已经火灾时的人员驱散节省目标与防火，也是人民的声音和嘈杂的混淆，因此应建立消防应急广播喇叭，由主张消防紧急广播驱散指令。 第四，建立火灾报警装置 建立消防应急广播火灾自动报警系统，笔者认为还应该安装消防报警装置，但它的控制程序应该是：该报警器应确认火灾后，利用手动或自动控制模式统一消防相关区域传输预警，报警器停止工作时间的规定，迅速联系消防应急广播和电视节目，并且分散了人们的指示。 火警警报装置建立的立场，笔者认为应该向警方报案的按钮位置的手动火警是相同的，它的墙面安装应为距地面8米高度 第五，消防专用电话设立 安装消防专用电话分机电话，应设机房其中也涉及一些人是在工作地点经常与消防联动控制（包括消防给水设备，备件发电机房，火柴变电站，主要ventilates空调引擎室，排放烟气轮机室，防火电梯机房及其他） ，消防控制系统的经营场所或设备的控制室，消防责任人员观察室，现场的安全管理等公共空间。轿车的影院中消防电梯和普通电梯应假设所有使用的特殊电话，请电梯机房和电梯轿车影院中，电梯机房及消防控制室，电梯轿车影院方块和消防控制室等三个成分是可靠的讲通信电话系统。通常在消防控制室;建立电梯监测演示板（包括位置指示器，显示方向灯，以讲信函电话，麻烦灯等） ，以进行必要的电梯在运行状态的监视和紧急情况下的控制。 配备了手动火警报警位置等按钮，消火栓按钮，还应该安装消防专用电话插座。 第三，消防联动控制 第一，消防联动控制应包括控制消防泵开启，停止，也应表现出的按钮，打开泵的位置和消防泵的工作和故障。当消火栓设有消火栓按钮时，其电气安装工程现场也应表现出的消防泵的工作模式有效状态（即建立消防泵工作表明灯） 。 第二，消防联动控制应包括控制喷洒水和水雾化灭火系统打开，停止，也应表现出的消防泵的工作和故障和流利显示，报警阀，安全信号阀工作模式积极的地位。此外，该盆地，水箱水位也应进行示范监测;为了防止检修信号阀关闭，作者认为应该使用带电信号控制信号阀证明它打开条件。 第三，消防联动控制其他控制和示范作用，应进行本标准和国家有关标准的具体规定。 第四，火灾自动报警系统布线 为了防止火灾发生时，消防控制，通信和警戒线遣散，使灭火工作无法进行，造成了更大的经济损失，也为抑制electronmagetic干扰（例如变压器，电电机，电缆等）的影响而产生的火灾自动报警系统。火灾自动报警系统的输电线路和消防控制，通信和预警线应使用被阻燃电缆，并应使用金属管或封闭式金属线槽保护。消防手册积极理事分期付款行应使用防火电缆，其电缆也应使用金属管或封闭式金属线槽保护。使用明复，应采取防火保护措施的金属管或封闭金属Fifth ，结论备注 作者取决于具体的项目实施经验，阐述了设计依据，火灾自动报警设计和实际问题，以便建立系统设备，消防联动控制及其接线拿出一些肤浅的意见，其目的是增强了火灾自动报警系统的设计质量，早期发现，并通知消防，预防和减少火灾危害，通过保护个人和财产安全。

In the 20th century， bridge construction technology evolved and was fueled by the Industrial R At the turn of the century， steel bridges were riveted together， not bolted; concrete bridges were cast in place， not precast; and large bridge members were built from lacing bars and smaller sections， not rolled in one Plastic had not yet been Construction techniques such as post-tensioning， slurry walls， soil freezing， and reinforced earth walls had not yet been Surveying was performed mechanically since infrared， optical technology was still 75 years Bridge construction is changing as the new millennium New construction techniques and new materials are There are also new issues facing the bridge building industry relative to the research needs associated with these new techniques and LONG-SPAN BRIDGES Suspension Bridges While suspension bridge building was conducted at a modest pace throughout the 20th century， an unprecedented number of spans of remarkable record lengths were built in the Far East and D Both the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge in Japan and the Great Belt Bridge in Denmark were completed in The Akashi Kaikyo Bridge is the largest suspension bridge in the world， with a span of 1991 m， and the Great Belt Bridge is the second largest， with a span of 1624 While spans lengths have increased nearly fivefold during the course of this century， they may have reached their physical limits with today’s Research will be necessary to develop the new， ultra-high-strength steel wire or carbon fiber wire required to build the longer main suspension cables that will make it possible to increase span lengths to beyond 2000 As we enter the new millennium， rehabilitation and ongoing maintenance of the existing suspension bridges must continue as Recent rehabilitation measures for the main cables and suspension systems of these bridges have uncovered degradation through corrosion and hydrogen Research is needed to determine the remaining useful service life of suspension bridge cables and what measures can be taken to slow or halt the degradation Transportation in the New Millennium 2 Other components of long-span bridges， existing and new， are being revolutionized as technology moves Advances in deck technology are producing stronger， lighter Orthotropic and exodermic decks are becoming increasingly popular on long-span structures as a means of reducing dead Bearings， joint systems， and seismic retrofitting components are becoming increasingly efficient as more large-scale testing facilities are 在20世纪，桥梁施工技术，是由进化而来的 工业革命。随着新世纪的到来，钢桥受到铆接在一起，而不是 螺栓、混凝土桥梁被扔在的地方，不是预制、大型桥梁成员 从系酒吧和小的部分，不卷在一块。塑料尚未 发明了。制作等施工工艺、浆墙、土壤冻结， 加筋土墙尚未怀了孕。测量进行机械 自从红外、光学技术仍然是75年。 大桥建设是新千年开始转变。新建筑 技术和新材料正在浮出水面。也有新的解决面临的桥 建筑行业的相关研究的需要，这些新技术 材料。 大跨度桥梁 悬挂的桥梁 虽然悬索桥建设进行了整个20速度不快 世纪，前所未有的跨越了卓越的长度是建在记录 远东和丹麦。双方在日本明石海峡大桥正式通车，伟大的带桥 在丹麦是在一九九八年完成。这个明石海峡大桥正式通车是世界上最大的悬架 在这个世界上，与桥梁的m，1991年是中国的第二大带桥， 用一段1624)。 虽然已经增加了近5倍长度的跨世纪的过程中， 他们已经达到了他们的物理极限与今天的材料。研究将 必须发展新的、ultra-high-strength钢丝、碳纤维丝要求 建立了悬索，将不再主要可能增加到跨度的长度 超出2000米。 当我们进入新千年、康复和持续的维护现有的 悬索桥必须继续。最近的戒毒措施为主要 电缆悬架系统与这些桥梁发现退化 氢脆腐蚀，。研究还剩下的 寿命悬索桥电缆和什么措施可以减缓或 停止退化的过程。 在新千年的运输 其他组件的大跨度桥梁，现有的和新的，正在发生了革命性的变化 技术的进步。提出了在甲板上技术生产强的，更轻的 甲板。正交各向异性和exodermic牌是大跨度越来越受欢迎 作为一种手段，降低结构自重荷载。轴承、联合系统和抗震能力 越来越多的有效成分是更大规模的测试设备 建造。 50分！！~~谢谢 参考资料：我的大脑

建筑工程论文3000字英文版

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Summary of the study on construction project management methodology: is the largest number of construction projects， the most typical "projects"， construction project management practice is one of the important sources of project management theory with integrated project management system of project management theory and practical experience provide theories for construction project management tools， making increasingly systematic and scientific management of construction Tags: 1， raised issues of project management and overview of project management is becoming a modern social address "one-off questions" effective tools that a kind of professional qualification， wide application in the process of social， economic and rapid development is that it provides a new Modern social economic total constantly increased， economic globalization， and information trend increasingly enhanced， development speed speed up， process complex， new of industry， and field constantly appears， products development cycle shortened， led increasingly more of "one-time"， and no precedent can through of task of appears， especially enterprise and management social public affairs of Government， more faced was increasingly complex of from market and at home and abroad Affairs of various problem， involves of factors， and interests main increasingly more， these problem General of management approach difficult to solution or successfully solution， and from construction project and the military， and space exploration， field of project management method by upgrade for project management theory and thought， provides has solution social economic development non-General problem of You can think， lies in its development and application of project management Widely promoted popular project management in China in recent years， the ascendant， and we introduce， universal focus， should not be a complicated theories， concepts， procedures， and should be concise， applicable and effective Regardless of the economic structure changes， construction remains the main carrier of China's economic In comprehensively building a comfortably well-off society and development in China under the background of the Northwest， Northeast， become important means for economic revitalization in many parts of the Some cities even proposed "project will flourish cities" Rely mainly on the application of new scientific and technological achievements in economic progress， relying on the content-type extension， depend on the situation of knowledge innovation， rely on an extensive project is not a suitable means of revitalizing the economy， has been in China for failure to pay the investment decision of enormous cost， so using the scientific method on engineering construction project management， including assessment of argumentation， is the important condition of the building can achieve the desired purpose of the Project management methods are not only specific methods， including Party of 16 session third plenary made people， and can continued of science development view， "people"， and "can continued" of a basic content is science and technology， and economic， and environment， and social of coordination development， project construction do for development economic of important means， not only cost huge， and on around environment has larger effect， so must meet can continued， and coordination development requirements， this is project management of important guiding ideology Methodology is the study of Comprehensively building a comfortably well-off society and development in Northwest and northeast of real background might set off a new round of upsurge of construction， sustainable and coordinated development of scientific concept of development put certain constraints on the construction of macro-control， this method should be implemented in construction project Project management is not only for the purposes of achieving specific objectives (duration， quality and cost)， should also do project construction and coordination of environmental， social or risk repeating previous errors， mistake， got out of the investment This is also a project management method to rise to "methodology" meaning Project management of theory so far has can said is is complete of， this not only performance in rich diverse of theory results as various project management books (including translation) of launched， more performance in this area has has own of "knowledge system"， as United States Project Management Association (PMI) Yu 1987 made and by 1996， and 2000 amendment of "project management knowledge system"， international project management Association 1997 launched has "project management personnel ability benchmark"， China double method society for the project management Research Committee also Yu 2001 launched China project management knowledge system Each of these knowledge systems project management body of knowledge is divided into a number of areas， elements， modules， China knowledge system "methods and tools" concept， other systems do not have on the topic independent of the method， but throughout all stages of project management， processes， Various project management works also focus on content， stage of project management， program， organization of expositions devoted to Of course， this does not mean to ignore， perfection but summary， concentrate on methods of research and contribute to the popularization and application of project management project management role into full 建设工程项目管理的方法论研究摘要：建设工程项目是数量最多、最典型的“项目”，建设工程项目管理的实践是项目管理理论的重要渊源之一，融合了项目管理实践经验的系统的项目管理理论又为建设工程项目管理提供了理论工具，使得建设工程项目管理日益系统化、科学化。 关键词：项目管理 工程1、问题的提出及现状综述 项目管理之所以成为一种现代社会解决“一次性问题”的有效工具以至于一种职业资格，在社会事务、经济过程中广泛应用并且迅速发展，就在于它提供了一种新的方法。现代社会经济总量不断增加，经济全球化、信息化趋势日益增强，发展速度加快，过程复杂，新的行业、领域不断出现，产品开发周期缩短，导致越来越多的“一次性”、无先例可循的任务的出现，尤其是企业和管理社会公共事务的政府，更面临着日趋复杂的来自市场和国内外事务的各种问题，涉及到的因素、利益主体越来越多，这些问题常规的管理办法难以解决或圆满解决，而来自建设工程项目及军事、空间探索等领域的项目管理方法经提升为项目管理理论和思想，提供了解决社会经济发展中非常规问题的手段。可以认为，项目管理的发展与应用在于它的方法。项目管理在中国广泛推广普及是近几年的事，方兴未艾，而我们引进、普及的重点，不应是繁琐的理论、概念、程序，而应该是简明、适用、有效的方法。 不论经济结构如何变化，工程项目建设仍是我国经济发展的主要载体。在我国目前全面建设小康社会、开发西北、振兴东北的背景下，项目建设成为许多地区经济振兴的重要手段。有的城市甚至提出“项目兴市”的口号。在经济进步主要依靠新科技成果应用、依靠内涵式扩展、依靠知识创新的形势下，靠粗放式项目建设并不是合适的振兴经济的手段，我国也一直在为投资决策的失误付出巨大代价，所以利用科学方法对工程建设项目进行管理，包括评估论证，将是项目建设能否达到预期目的的重要条件。 工程项目管理方法不仅是具体方法，也包括思想。党的十六届三中全会提出以人为本、可持续的科学发展观，“以人为本”、“可持续”的一个基本内容就是科学技术、经济、环境、社会的协调发展，工程项目建设做为发展经济的重要手段，不仅耗资巨大，而且对周围环境有较大影响，所以必须满足可持续、协调发展要求，这也是工程项目管理的重要指导思想之一。方法论是对方法的研究。全面建设小康社会、开发西北、振兴东北的现实背景可能掀起新一轮工程建设热潮，可持续、协调发展科学发展观对工程项目建设提出了一定制约的宏观控制，这一点要落实到建设项目管理的方法上。工程项目管理的目的不仅是实现具体的目标（工期、质量、费用），也应做到项目建设与环境、社会的协调，否则可能重蹈以前投资失误、失策、失控的覆辙。这也是工程项目管理方法上升到“方法论”的意义之一。 项目管理的理论至今已可以说是很完备的，这不仅表现在丰富多样的理论成果如各种项目管理书籍（包括翻译）的面世，更表现在这个领域有了自己的“知识体系”，如美国项目管理协会（PMI）于1987年提出并经1996、2000年修订的“项目管理知识体系”，国际项目管理协会1997年推出了“项目管理人员能力基准”，中国双法研究会项目管理研究委员会也于2001年推出《中国项目管理知识体系》。上述各知识体系将项目管理知识划分为若干领域、要素、模块，中国的知识体系有“方法与工具”概念，其他体系未有关于方法的独立专题，而是贯穿于项目管理的各个阶段、过程、领域。各种项目管理著作也多侧重于对项目管理内容、阶段、程序、组织等的论述，对于方法的专门论述不多见。当然这并不意味着对方法的忽略，但对方法的总结、集中研究与完善有助于项目管理的推广应用的项目管理作用的充分发挥。

Along with the our country economic development rapid development， the lives of the people level unceasing enhancement， the city uses to be day by day anxious， urges the building to face the direction is This kind of high level civil construction repair needed materials and the way also more hasten the diversification， and along with uses electricity the load and coal gas consumption quantity enlarging， proposed to the fire auto-alarm system design is higher， a stricter In order to guarantee the people life and property the security， the fire auto-alarm system design has become in the high level civil construction design one of most important design Presently based on the author fire of auto-alarm system design overseeing work in the high level civil building experience， proposed in present national related standard and standard unclear true detail shallow opinion， by for the colleagues to discuss and to point out First， design basis The fire auto-alarm system design is a specialized very strong technology work， at the same time also has the very strong policy- Therefore， first should be clear about the following design basis: 1st， must grasp the architectural design fire protection standard， the system design standard， the equipment manufacture standard， the installment construction approval standard and the administration laws and regulations and so on five big aspects fire laws and regulations， and in practical understanding present country related standard and standard positive word: "Must"， "be supposed"， "to be suitable"， "may" and the reverse side word: "Strictly prohibits"， "should not"， "not have"， "not to be suitable" the 2nd， must aim at high level civil building function， use and the protection object fire protection rank， earnestly carries out the present national related standard and the standard， earnestly treats the public security fire prevention surveillance department the examination and approval Second， fire auto-alarm system equipment establishmentFire detector establishmentOpens wide either the seal or the stair hall should alone divide the search coverage， and each 2 ~ 3 establish a fire The first room (including guards against in front of smoke stair hall in front of room， fire elevator room， fire elevator with guards against the front room which smoke stair hall comes in handy) and the aisle should distinguish alone to divide the search coverage， specially front the room and the lift well， the scattered stair hall and the aisle are interlinked， has time the fire haze to be easier to gather or to flow， is the personnel disperses which saves goal with the fire prevention， therefore should install the fire Regarding common elevator in front of room although is not the personnel disperses ， but this front room and the lift well are interlinked， has time the fire haze to be also easy to gather or to flow， suitably alone divides the search coverage and installs the fire The electric cable shaft therefore is easy to form pulls out the smoke inflammation the channel; Has when the fire the fire intensity not easily extends along the electric cable burns， for this， "the high level civil construction design fire protection standard" and "the civil construction electricity design standard" separately proposes the detailed specific stipulation in the construction and in the electric wire or on the electric cable But considered implements specifically the difficulty and the present situation， the electric cable shaft installs the fire detector is extremely essential， and coordinates the shaft the fire protection separation request， each 2 ~ 3 or each level The elevator machine room should install the fire detector， its elevator is the important vertical transportation vehicle; Its two elevator machine room has has the fire risk; Its three lift well existence essential opens the hole， like the level gate opens between the hole， the air vent， the between permanence opens the hole with the elevator machine room or the pulley and so on; Its four when has the fire， the lift well often becomes the fire intensity spread the channel， is easy to threaten the elevator machine room the Therefore， the elevator machine room establishes the fire detector is necessary， crown of also suitable establishment fire detector lift 2nd， the manual fire reports to the police the button establishment(Including guards against in front of smoke stair hall in view of various floors front room in front of room， fire elevator room， fire elevator with guards against which smoke stair hall to come in handy the front room) is has when the fire the personnel to disperse which saves goal with fire prevention， should report to the police the button first choice spot as the establishment manual In addition， the room also should establish the manual fire to the common elevator in front of to report to the police the In the public active place (including hall， hall， dining room， multi-purpose hall and so on) and the main thoroughfare and so on place， the personnel very is all centralized， and mainly disperses the Therefore should report to the police the button in these public active places main access establishment manual fires; The manual fire establishes which in the main thoroughfare reports to the police the button to guarantee "to a manual fire which most is close to reports to the police the button distance from a fire protection district any position not to be supposed to be bigger than 30 meters"3rd， the fire emergency broadcasts the speaker the establishmentThe aisle， the hall， the dining room and so on the public place personnel very are all centralized， and mainly disperses the Therefore should press in these public places "to a recent speaker distance is not bigger than 25 meters from a fire protection district any spot" and "in the aisle last should not be bigger than 5 meters the speaker to the aisle terminal distance" the establishment fire emergency to broadcast the speaker; Next also should establish the fire in the public bathroom place emergency to broadcast the The first room (including guards against in front of smoke stair hall in front of room， fire elevator room， fire elevator with guards against which smoke stair hall to come in handy the front room) is has when the fire the personnel to disperse which saves goal with fire prevention， also has the fire door separation and the sounds of people is confused and noisy， therefore should establish the fire emergency to broadcast the In front of the common elevator the room also should establish the fire emergency to broadcast the Disperses the stair hall also is has when the fire the personnel to disperse which saves goal with the fire prevention， also the sounds of people are confused and noisy， therefore should establish the fire emergency to broadcast the speaker， by favors the fire emergency broadcast to disperse the 4th， fire alarm installment establishmentThe establishment fire emergency broadcast fire auto-alarm system， the author thought also should install the fire alarm installment， but its control procedure should be: The alarm apparatus should confirm after the fire， uses manual or the automatic control mode unification to the fire correlation region transmission warning， stops the alarm apparatus work in the stipulation time， the rapid linkage fire emergency broadcast and broadcasts to the people disperses the The fire alarm installment establishment position， the author thought should report to the police the button position with the manual fire to be same， its wall surface installment should for be apart from the ground 8 meters highly5th， fire special use telephone establishmentInstalls the fire special use telephone extension telephone， should be located the engine room which related also some people is on duty frequently with the fire linkage control (including fire water plant， spare electricity generation engine room， matches substation， mainly ventilates with air conditioning engine room， discharges fume engine room， fire prevention elevator machine room and other)， the fire fighting control system operates the equipment place or the control room， the fire duty officers observation room， the security manages spot and so on public Sedan of theater box the fire elevator and in the ordinary elevator all should suppose the special use telephone， requests the elevator machine room and the elevator sedan theater box， the elevator machine room and the fire control room， the elevator sedan theater box and the fire control room and so on three compositions is reliable to speaks the correspondence telephone Usually in fire control room; The establishment elevator monitoring demonstration plate (including position indicator， direction indicating lamp， to speaks correspondence telephone， trouble lamp and so on)， in order to carries on the necessity to the elevator running status which in the surveillance and the emergency case Is equipped with the manual fire to report to the police position and so on button， fire hydrant button also should install the fire special use telephone Third， fire linkage control 1st， the fire linkage control should include the control fire pump to open， to stop， also should demonstrate opens pumps the button the position and the fire pump work and the When the fire hydrant is equipped with the fire hydrant button， its electric installation work spot also should demonstrate the fire pump the working mode active status (namely establishment fire pump work indicating lamp) 2nd， the fire linkage control should include the control spraying of water and the water atomization fire fighting system opens， stops， also should demonstrate the fire pump the work and the malfunction and the fluent display， reports to the police the valve， the safety signal valve working mode active In addition， to the basin， the water tank water level also should carry on the demonstration monitor; In order to prevent the overhaul signal valve is shut down， the author thought should use the belt electric signal the control signal valve by to demonstrate it opens the 3rd， the fire linkage control other controls and the demonstration function， should carry out the present national related standard and the standard specific Fourth， fire auto-alarm system wiringIn order to prevent the fire occurs when the fire control， the correspondence and the warning line severance， causes the fire fighting work to be unable to carry on， creates the bigger economic loss; Also for the suppression electronmagetic interference (for example transformer， electric motor， electric cable and so on) the influence which produces to the fire auto-alarm The fire auto-alarm system transmission line and the fire control， the correspondence and the warning line should use the being flame-resistant electric cable， and should use the metal tube or the enclosed metal trunking The fire manual positive governing installment line should use the fireproof electric cable， its electric cable also should use the metal tube or the enclosed metal trunking Uses Ming Fushi， should takes the fire protection protective measures on the metal tube or the enclosed metal Fifth， concluding remarkThe author rests on the concrete project to implement the experience， elaborated the design basis， fire auto-alarm design actual problem and so on system equipment establishment， fire linkage control and its wiring pulls out some shallow opinions， its goal is enhances the fire auto-alarm system the design quality， discovered early and the notification fire， prevented and reduces the fire to harm， by protects the person and the property 随着我国经济发展快速发展，人民生活的水平不断提高，城市使用是每天着急，敦促建设面临着发展的方向。这种高层次的民间建筑维修所需的材料和方式也更加多样化加快，而且随着使用电力负荷和煤气消费量扩大，提议消防自动报警系统设计较高，更严格的要求。为了保证人民生命和财产的安全，消防自动报警系统的设计已经成为在高级别民间建筑设计的一个最重要的设计内容。目前的基础上撰文火灾自动报警系统设计监督工作的高层次的民间建设的经验，建议在目前国家相关标准和标准不清楚真正详细浅见解，为同事们的讨论，并指出错误。 首先，设计依据 火灾自动报警系统的设计是一家专业非常强的技术工作，同时还具有很强的政策性。因此，首先应明确以下设计依据： 第一，必须紧紧抓住的建筑设计防火标准，该系统的设计标准，标准的设备制造，安装施工审批标准和管理的法律和规章等五大方面的消防法律法规，并在实际了解国家有关本标准和标准积极字： “必须” ， “必须假定” ， “不适合” ， “可能”和反面词： “严格禁止” ， “不应该” ， “没有” ， “不适合“的含义。 第二，必须着眼于高层次的民间建筑的功能，利用和保护对象的防火等级，认真开展本标准和国家有关标准，认真对待公安防火监督部门的审批意见。 其次，火灾自动报警系统设备的建立 建立火灾探测器 要么全打开的印章或楼梯大厅应单独划分搜索范围，每个2 〜 3建立火灾探测器。 第一个房间（包括防前面的烟雾大厅楼梯前室，消防电梯间，消防电梯防前面房间烟雾楼梯大会堂来用场）和过道应区分单独划分搜索范围，特别是前面的房间，以及电梯，分散楼梯大厅和走道都是相互关联的，有时间的火灾烟雾比较容易收集或流动，是人员分散保存目标与防火，因此，应该安装火警探测器。关于共同电梯前室虽然不是人员分散，而且这方面的空间和良好的电梯是相互关联的，有时间的火灾烟雾也很容易被收集或流动，适当地划分为单独的搜索覆盖面和安装消防探测器。 电缆轴因此很容易形成掏出烟炎症渠道，拥有火灾时的火强度不容易延伸沿电缆燃烧，为此， “高级别民间建筑设计防火标准”和“民用建筑电气设计标准“分别提出了详细具体的规定，在建筑和在电线或电缆塑造。但认为具体实施的难度和目前的情况下，电缆竖井安装了火灾探测器是非常必要的，坐标轴的防火分隔要求，每2 〜 3或每一级安装。 电梯机房应安装火灾探测器，它的电梯是重要的垂直交通工具，其两个电梯机房已具有火灾危险性，其存在的三个基本解除以及打开洞，像打开闸门的水平之间的球洞，在气孔，持久的关系打开了洞与电梯机房或滑轮等，其时，有四个火，升降机以及往往成为火灾强度传播渠道，很容易危及电梯机房设施。因此，电梯机房建立了火灾探测器是必要的，也适用于皇冠建立火灾探测器举井。 2 ，手动火警报警按钮建立 （包括防前面的烟雾楼梯大厅鉴于各层前房间前面的房间，消防电梯间，消防电梯防这些烟雾楼梯大会堂派上用场前室）是有火灾时人员驱散节省目标，防火，应立即向警方举报的按钮，首选地点设立手动火警。此外，该室也应建立防火手册的共同电梯前，向警方报案的按钮。 在公共活动场所（包括会堂，礼堂，餐厅，多功能厅等）和主要通道等场所，是所有工作人员非常集中，主要是分散的渠道。因此，应立即向警方举报的按钮，在这些公共活动场所主要通道设立手册火灾;该手册规定的火灾中的主要通道报警按钮，以保证“ ，以手动火警最接近报警按钮距离防火区的任何位置不应该超过30米。 “ 第三，消防紧急广播喇叭建立 走道，大厅，餐厅等公共场所的工作人员都非常集中，主要是分散的渠道。因此，应该按这些公共场所的“最近的一项发言距离不超过25米的防火保护区的任何位置”和“在走道上不应大于十二点五米扬声器的过道末端距离”建立消防应急广播喇叭;下一步还应当建立消防在公共浴室的地方紧急广播喇叭。 第一个房间（包括防前面的烟雾大厅楼梯前室，消防电梯间，消防电梯防这些烟雾楼梯大会堂派上用场前室）是有火灾时的人员驱散节省目标与防火，也有分离和防火门的声音，人民的混乱和嘈杂，因此，应建立消防应急广播喇叭。在前面的共同电梯房也应建立消防应急广播喇叭。分散大厅楼梯也已经火灾时的人员驱散节省目标与防火，也是人民的声音和嘈杂的混淆，因此应建立消防应急广播喇叭，由主张消防紧急广播驱散指令。 第四，建立火灾报警装置 建立消防应急广播火灾自动报警系统，笔者认为还应该安装消防报警装置，但它的控制程序应该是：该报警器应确认火灾后，利用手动或自动控制模式统一消防相关区域传输预警，报警器停止工作时间的规定，迅速联系消防应急广播和电视节目，并且分散了人们的指示。 火警警报装置建立的立场，笔者认为应该向警方报案的按钮位置的手动火警是相同的，它的墙面安装应为距地面8米高度 第五，消防专用电话设立 安装消防专用电话分机电话，应设机房其中也涉及一些人是在工作地点经常与消防联动控制（包括消防给水设备，备件发电机房，火柴变电站，主要ventilates空调引擎室，排放烟气轮机室，防火电梯机房及其他） ，消防控制系统的经营场所或设备的控制室，消防责任人员观察室，现场的安全管理等公共空间。轿车的影院中消防电梯和普通电梯应假设所有使用的特殊电话，请电梯机房和电梯轿车影院中，电梯机房及消防控制室，电梯轿车影院方块和消防控制室等三个成分是可靠的讲通信电话系统。通常在消防控制室;建立电梯监测演示板（包括位置指示器，显示方向灯，以讲信函电话，麻烦灯等） ，以进行必要的电梯在运行状态的监视和紧急情况下的控制。 配备了手动火警报警位置等按钮，消火栓按钮，还应该安装消防专用电话插座。 第三，消防联动控制 第一，消防联动控制应包括控制消防泵开启，停止，也应表现出的按钮，打开泵的位置和消防泵的工作和故障。当消火栓设有消火栓按钮时，其电气安装工程现场也应表现出的消防泵的工作模式有效状态（即建立消防泵工作表明灯） 。 第二，消防联动控制应包括控制喷洒水和水雾化灭火系统打开，停止，也应表现出的消防泵的工作和故障和流利显示，报警阀，安全信号阀工作模式积极的地位。此外，该盆地，水箱水位也应进行示范监测;为了防止检修信号阀关闭，作者认为应该使用带电信号控制信号阀证明它打开条件。 第三，消防联动控制其他控制和示范作用，应进行本标准和国家有关标准的具体规定。 第四，火灾自动报警系统布线 为了防止火灾发生时，消防控制，通信和警戒线遣散，使灭火工作无法进行，造成了更大的经济损失，也为抑制electronmagetic干扰（例如变压器，电电机，电缆等）的影响而产生的火灾自动报警系统。火灾自动报警系统的输电线路和消防控制，通信和预警线应使用被阻燃电缆，并应使用金属管或封闭式金属线槽保护。消防手册积极理事分期付款行应使用防火电缆，其电缆也应使用金属管或封闭式金属线槽保护。使用明复，应采取防火保护措施的金属管或封闭金属Fifth ，结论备注 作者取决于具体的项目实施经验，阐述了设计依据，火灾自动报警设计和实际问题，以便建立系统设备，消防联动控制及其接线拿出一些肤浅的意见，其目的是增强了火灾自动报警系统的设计质量，早期发现，并通知消防，预防和减少火灾危害，通过保护个人和财产安全。

建筑工程论文3000字英文怎么写

童鞋你好！这个估计需要自己搜索了！网上基本很难找到免费给你服务的！我在这里给你点搜索国际上常用的外文数据库：----------------------------------------------------------❶ISI web of knowledge Engineering Village2❷Elsevier SDOL数据库 IEEE/IEE(IEL)❸EBSCOhost RSC英国皇家化学学会❹ACM美国计算机学会 ASCE美国土木工程师学会❺Springer电子期刊 WorldSciNet电子期刊全文库❻Nature周刊 NetLibrary电子图书❼ProQuest学位论文全文数据库❽国道外文专题数据库 CALIS西文期刊目次数据库❾推荐使用ISI web of knowledge Engineering Village2-----------------------------------------------------------中文翻译得自己做了，实在不成就谷歌翻译。弄完之后，自己阅读几遍弄顺了就成啦！学校以及老师都不会看这个东西的！外文翻译不是论文的主要内容！所以，很容易过去的！祝你好运！

找我。的建立覆盖的了现在了f是对

In the 20th century， bridge construction technology evolved and was fueled by the Industrial R At the turn of the century， steel bridges were riveted together， not bolted; concrete bridges were cast in place， not precast; and large bridge members were built from lacing bars and smaller sections， not rolled in one Plastic had not yet been Construction techniques such as post-tensioning， slurry walls， soil freezing， and reinforced earth walls had not yet been Surveying was performed mechanically since infrared， optical technology was still 75 years Bridge construction is changing as the new millennium New construction techniques and new materials are There are also new issues facing the bridge building industry relative to the research needs associated with these new techniques and LONG-SPAN BRIDGES Suspension Bridges While suspension bridge building was conducted at a modest pace throughout the 20th century， an unprecedented number of spans of remarkable record lengths were built in the Far East and D Both the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge in Japan and the Great Belt Bridge in Denmark were completed in The Akashi Kaikyo Bridge is the largest suspension bridge in the world， with a span of 1991 m， and the Great Belt Bridge is the second largest， with a span of 1624 While spans lengths have increased nearly fivefold during the course of this century， they may have reached their physical limits with today’s Research will be necessary to develop the new， ultra-high-strength steel wire or carbon fiber wire required to build the longer main suspension cables that will make it possible to increase span lengths to beyond 2000 As we enter the new millennium， rehabilitation and ongoing maintenance of the existing suspension bridges must continue as Recent rehabilitation measures for the main cables and suspension systems of these bridges have uncovered degradation through corrosion and hydrogen Research is needed to determine the remaining useful service life of suspension bridge cables and what measures can be taken to slow or halt the degradation Transportation in the New Millennium 2 Other components of long-span bridges， existing and new， are being revolutionized as technology moves Advances in deck technology are producing stronger， lighter Orthotropic and exodermic decks are becoming increasingly popular on long-span structures as a means of reducing dead Bearings， joint systems， and seismic retrofitting components are becoming increasingly efficient as more large-scale testing facilities are 在20世纪，桥梁施工技术，是由进化而来的 工业革命。随着新世纪的到来，钢桥受到铆接在一起，而不是 螺栓、混凝土桥梁被扔在的地方，不是预制、大型桥梁成员 从系酒吧和小的部分，不卷在一块。塑料尚未 发明了。制作等施工工艺、浆墙、土壤冻结， 加筋土墙尚未怀了孕。测量进行机械 自从红外、光学技术仍然是75年。 大桥建设是新千年开始转变。新建筑 技术和新材料正在浮出水面。也有新的解决面临的桥 建筑行业的相关研究的需要，这些新技术 材料。 大跨度桥梁 悬挂的桥梁 虽然悬索桥建设进行了整个20速度不快 世纪，前所未有的跨越了卓越的长度是建在记录 远东和丹麦。双方在日本明石海峡大桥正式通车，伟大的带桥 在丹麦是在一九九八年完成。这个明石海峡大桥正式通车是世界上最大的悬架 在这个世界上，与桥梁的m，1991年是中国的第二大带桥， 用一段1624)。 虽然已经增加了近5倍长度的跨世纪的过程中， 他们已经达到了他们的物理极限与今天的材料。研究将 必须发展新的、ultra-high-strength钢丝、碳纤维丝要求 建立了悬索，将不再主要可能增加到跨度的长度 超出2000米。 当我们进入新千年、康复和持续的维护现有的 悬索桥必须继续。最近的戒毒措施为主要 电缆悬架系统与这些桥梁发现退化 氢脆腐蚀，。研究还剩下的 寿命悬索桥电缆和什么措施可以减缓或 停止退化的过程。 在新千年的运输 其他组件的大跨度桥梁，现有的和新的，正在发生了革命性的变化 技术的进步。提出了在甲板上技术生产强的，更轻的 甲板。正交各向异性和exodermic牌是大跨度越来越受欢迎 作为一种手段，降低结构自重荷载。轴承、联合系统和抗震能力 越来越多的有效成分是更大规模的测试设备 建造。 50分！！~~谢谢 参考资料：我的大脑

建筑工程论文3000字英文版高中

摘要：结合实际工程，笔者就建设工程全过程质量管理这一话题，谈了自己的一些看法和建议，在具体工程实际操作中，具有一定的指导价值，可供参考。/html/Constructs/20091126/html

Along with the our country economic development rapid development， the lives of the people level unceasing enhancement， the city uses to be day by day anxious， urges the building to face the direction is This kind of high level civil construction repair needed materials and the way also more hasten the diversification， and along with uses electricity the load and coal gas consumption quantity enlarging， proposed to the fire auto-alarm system design is higher， a stricter In order to guarantee the people life and property the security， the fire auto-alarm system design has become in the high level civil construction design one of most important design Presently based on the author fire of auto-alarm system design overseeing work in the high level civil building experience， proposed in present national related standard and standard unclear true detail shallow opinion， by for the colleagues to discuss and to point out First， design basis The fire auto-alarm system design is a specialized very strong technology work， at the same time also has the very strong policy- Therefore， first should be clear about the following design basis: 1st， must grasp the architectural design fire protection standard， the system design standard， the equipment manufacture standard， the installment construction approval standard and the administration laws and regulations and so on five big aspects fire laws and regulations， and in practical understanding present country related standard and standard positive word: "Must"， "be supposed"， "to be suitable"， "may" and the reverse side word: "Strictly prohibits"， "should not"， "not have"， "not to be suitable" the 2nd， must aim at high level civil building function， use and the protection object fire protection rank， earnestly carries out the present national related standard and the standard， earnestly treats the public security fire prevention surveillance department the examination and approval Second， fire auto-alarm system equipment establishmentFire detector establishmentOpens wide either the seal or the stair hall should alone divide the search coverage， and each 2 ~ 3 establish a fire The first room (including guards against in front of smoke stair hall in front of room， fire elevator room， fire elevator with guards against the front room which smoke stair hall comes in handy) and the aisle should distinguish alone to divide the search coverage， specially front the room and the lift well， the scattered stair hall and the aisle are interlinked， has time the fire haze to be easier to gather or to flow， is the personnel disperses which saves goal with the fire prevention， therefore should install the fire Regarding common elevator in front of room although is not the personnel disperses ， but this front room and the lift well are interlinked， has time the fire haze to be also easy to gather or to flow， suitably alone divides the search coverage and installs the fire The electric cable shaft therefore is easy to form pulls out the smoke inflammation the channel; Has when the fire the fire intensity not easily extends along the electric cable burns， for this， "the high level civil construction design fire protection standard" and "the civil construction electricity design standard" separately proposes the detailed specific stipulation in the construction and in the electric wire or on the electric cable But considered implements specifically the difficulty and the present situation， the electric cable shaft installs the fire detector is extremely essential， and coordinates the shaft the fire protection separation request， each 2 ~ 3 or each level The elevator machine room should install the fire detector， its elevator is the important vertical transportation vehicle; Its two elevator machine room has has the fire risk; Its three lift well existence essential opens the hole， like the level gate opens between the hole， the air vent， the between permanence opens the hole with the elevator machine room or the pulley and so on; Its four when has the fire， the lift well often becomes the fire intensity spread the channel， is easy to threaten the elevator machine room the Therefore， the elevator machine room establishes the fire detector is necessary， crown of also suitable establishment fire detector lift 2nd， the manual fire reports to the police the button establishment(Including guards against in front of smoke stair hall in view of various floors front room in front of room， fire elevator room， fire elevator with guards against which smoke stair hall to come in handy the front room) is has when the fire the personnel to disperse which saves goal with fire prevention， should report to the police the button first choice spot as the establishment manual In addition， the room also should establish the manual fire to the common elevator in front of to report to the police the In the public active place (including hall， hall， dining room， multi-purpose hall and so on) and the main thoroughfare and so on place， the personnel very is all centralized， and mainly disperses the Therefore should report to the police the button in these public active places main access establishment manual fires; The manual fire establishes which in the main thoroughfare reports to the police the button to guarantee "to a manual fire which most is close to reports to the police the button distance from a fire protection district any position not to be supposed to be bigger than 30 meters"3rd， the fire emergency broadcasts the speaker the establishmentThe aisle， the hall， the dining room and so on the public place personnel very are all centralized， and mainly disperses the Therefore should press in these public places "to a recent speaker distance is not bigger than 25 meters from a fire protection district any spot" and "in the aisle last should not be bigger than 5 meters the speaker to the aisle terminal distance" the establishment fire emergency to broadcast the speaker; Next also should establish the fire in the public bathroom place emergency to broadcast the The first room (including guards against in front of smoke stair hall in front of room， fire elevator room， fire elevator with guards against which smoke stair hall to come in handy the front room) is has when the fire the personnel to disperse which saves goal with fire prevention， also has the fire door separation and the sounds of people is confused and noisy， therefore should establish the fire emergency to broadcast the In front of the common elevator the room also should establish the fire emergency to broadcast the Disperses the stair hall also is has when the fire the personnel to disperse which saves goal with the fire prevention， also the sounds of people are confused and noisy， therefore should establish the fire emergency to broadcast the speaker， by favors the fire emergency broadcast to disperse the 4th， fire alarm installment establishmentThe establishment fire emergency broadcast fire auto-alarm system， the author thought also should install the fire alarm installment， but its control procedure should be: The alarm apparatus should confirm after the fire， uses manual or the automatic control mode unification to the fire correlation region transmission warning， stops the alarm apparatus work in the stipulation time， the rapid linkage fire emergency broadcast and broadcasts to the people disperses the The fire alarm installment establishment position， the author thought should report to the police the button position with the manual fire to be same， its wall surface installment should for be apart from the ground 8 meters highly5th， fire special use telephone establishmentInstalls the fire special use telephone extension telephone， should be located the engine room which related also some people is on duty frequently with the fire linkage control (including fire water plant， spare electricity generation engine room， matches substation， mainly ventilates with air conditioning engine room， discharges fume engine room， fire prevention elevator machine room and other)， the fire fighting control system operates the equipment place or the control room， the fire duty officers observation room， the security manages spot and so on public Sedan of theater box the fire elevator and in the ordinary elevator all should suppose the special use telephone， requests the elevator machine room and the elevator sedan theater box， the elevator machine room and the fire control room， the elevator sedan theater box and the fire control room and so on three compositions is reliable to speaks the correspondence telephone Usually in fire control room; The establishment elevator monitoring demonstration plate (including position indicator， direction indicating lamp， to speaks correspondence telephone， trouble lamp and so on)， in order to carries on the necessity to the elevator running status which in the surveillance and the emergency case Is equipped with the manual fire to report to the police position and so on button， fire hydrant button also should install the fire special use telephone Third， fire linkage control 1st， the fire linkage control should include the control fire pump to open， to stop， also should demonstrate opens pumps the button the position and the fire pump work and the When the fire hydrant is equipped with the fire hydrant button， its electric installation work spot also should demonstrate the fire pump the working mode active status (namely establishment fire pump work indicating lamp) 2nd， the fire linkage control should include the control spraying of water and the water atomization fire fighting system opens， stops， also should demonstrate the fire pump the work and the malfunction and the fluent display， reports to the police the valve， the safety signal valve working mode active In addition， to the basin， the water tank water level also should carry on the demonstration monitor; In order to prevent the overhaul signal valve is shut down， the author thought should use the belt electric signal the control signal valve by to demonstrate it opens the 3rd， the fire linkage control other controls and the demonstration function， should carry out the present national related standard and the standard specific Fourth， fire auto-alarm system wiringIn order to prevent the fire occurs when the fire control， the correspondence and the warning line severance， causes the fire fighting work to be unable to carry on， creates the bigger economic loss; Also for the suppression electronmagetic interference (for example transformer， electric motor， electric cable and so on) the influence which produces to the fire auto-alarm The fire auto-alarm system transmission line and the fire control， the correspondence and the warning line should use the being flame-resistant electric cable， and should use the metal tube or the enclosed metal trunking The fire manual positive governing installment line should use the fireproof electric cable， its electric cable also should use the metal tube or the enclosed metal trunking Uses Ming Fushi， should takes the fire protection protective measures on the metal tube or the enclosed metal Fifth， concluding remarkThe author rests on the concrete project to implement the experience， elaborated the design basis， fire auto-alarm design actual problem and so on system equipment establishment， fire linkage control and its wiring pulls out some shallow opinions， its goal is enhances the fire auto-alarm system the design quality， discovered early and the notification fire， prevented and reduces the fire to harm， by protects the person and the property 随着我国经济发展快速发展，人民生活的水平不断提高，城市使用是每天着急，敦促建设面临着发展的方向。这种高层次的民间建筑维修所需的材料和方式也更加多样化加快，而且随着使用电力负荷和煤气消费量扩大，提议消防自动报警系统设计较高，更严格的要求。为了保证人民生命和财产的安全，消防自动报警系统的设计已经成为在高级别民间建筑设计的一个最重要的设计内容。目前的基础上撰文火灾自动报警系统设计监督工作的高层次的民间建设的经验，建议在目前国家相关标准和标准不清楚真正详细浅见解，为同事们的讨论，并指出错误。 首先，设计依据 火灾自动报警系统的设计是一家专业非常强的技术工作，同时还具有很强的政策性。因此，首先应明确以下设计依据： 第一，必须紧紧抓住的建筑设计防火标准，该系统的设计标准，标准的设备制造，安装施工审批标准和管理的法律和规章等五大方面的消防法律法规，并在实际了解国家有关本标准和标准积极字： “必须” ， “必须假定” ， “不适合” ， “可能”和反面词： “严格禁止” ， “不应该” ， “没有” ， “不适合“的含义。 第二，必须着眼于高层次的民间建筑的功能，利用和保护对象的防火等级，认真开展本标准和国家有关标准，认真对待公安防火监督部门的审批意见。 其次，火灾自动报警系统设备的建立 建立火灾探测器 要么全打开的印章或楼梯大厅应单独划分搜索范围，每个2 〜 3建立火灾探测器。 第一个房间（包括防前面的烟雾大厅楼梯前室，消防电梯间，消防电梯防前面房间烟雾楼梯大会堂来用场）和过道应区分单独划分搜索范围，特别是前面的房间，以及电梯，分散楼梯大厅和走道都是相互关联的，有时间的火灾烟雾比较容易收集或流动，是人员分散保存目标与防火，因此，应该安装火警探测器。关于共同电梯前室虽然不是人员分散，而且这方面的空间和良好的电梯是相互关联的，有时间的火灾烟雾也很容易被收集或流动，适当地划分为单独的搜索覆盖面和安装消防探测器。 电缆轴因此很容易形成掏出烟炎症渠道，拥有火灾时的火强度不容易延伸沿电缆燃烧，为此， “高级别民间建筑设计防火标准”和“民用建筑电气设计标准“分别提出了详细具体的规定，在建筑和在电线或电缆塑造。但认为具体实施的难度和目前的情况下，电缆竖井安装了火灾探测器是非常必要的，坐标轴的防火分隔要求，每2 〜 3或每一级安装。 电梯机房应安装火灾探测器，它的电梯是重要的垂直交通工具，其两个电梯机房已具有火灾危险性，其存在的三个基本解除以及打开洞，像打开闸门的水平之间的球洞，在气孔，持久的关系打开了洞与电梯机房或滑轮等，其时，有四个火，升降机以及往往成为火灾强度传播渠道，很容易危及电梯机房设施。因此，电梯机房建立了火灾探测器是必要的，也适用于皇冠建立火灾探测器举井。 2 ，手动火警报警按钮建立 （包括防前面的烟雾楼梯大厅鉴于各层前房间前面的房间，消防电梯间，消防电梯防这些烟雾楼梯大会堂派上用场前室）是有火灾时人员驱散节省目标，防火，应立即向警方举报的按钮，首选地点设立手动火警。此外，该室也应建立防火手册的共同电梯前，向警方报案的按钮。 在公共活动场所（包括会堂，礼堂，餐厅，多功能厅等）和主要通道等场所，是所有工作人员非常集中，主要是分散的渠道。因此，应立即向警方举报的按钮，在这些公共活动场所主要通道设立手册火灾;该手册规定的火灾中的主要通道报警按钮，以保证“ ，以手动火警最接近报警按钮距离防火区的任何位置不应该超过30米。 “ 第三，消防紧急广播喇叭建立 走道，大厅，餐厅等公共场所的工作人员都非常集中，主要是分散的渠道。因此，应该按这些公共场所的“最近的一项发言距离不超过25米的防火保护区的任何位置”和“在走道上不应大于十二点五米扬声器的过道末端距离”建立消防应急广播喇叭;下一步还应当建立消防在公共浴室的地方紧急广播喇叭。 第一个房间（包括防前面的烟雾大厅楼梯前室，消防电梯间，消防电梯防这些烟雾楼梯大会堂派上用场前室）是有火灾时的人员驱散节省目标与防火，也有分离和防火门的声音，人民的混乱和嘈杂，因此，应建立消防应急广播喇叭。在前面的共同电梯房也应建立消防应急广播喇叭。分散大厅楼梯也已经火灾时的人员驱散节省目标与防火，也是人民的声音和嘈杂的混淆，因此应建立消防应急广播喇叭，由主张消防紧急广播驱散指令。 第四，建立火灾报警装置 建立消防应急广播火灾自动报警系统，笔者认为还应该安装消防报警装置，但它的控制程序应该是：该报警器应确认火灾后，利用手动或自动控制模式统一消防相关区域传输预警，报警器停止工作时间的规定，迅速联系消防应急广播和电视节目，并且分散了人们的指示。 火警警报装置建立的立场，笔者认为应该向警方报案的按钮位置的手动火警是相同的，它的墙面安装应为距地面8米高度 第五，消防专用电话设立 安装消防专用电话分机电话，应设机房其中也涉及一些人是在工作地点经常与消防联动控制（包括消防给水设备，备件发电机房，火柴变电站，主要ventilates空调引擎室，排放烟气轮机室，防火电梯机房及其他） ，消防控制系统的经营场所或设备的控制室，消防责任人员观察室，现场的安全管理等公共空间。轿车的影院中消防电梯和普通电梯应假设所有使用的特殊电话，请电梯机房和电梯轿车影院中，电梯机房及消防控制室，电梯轿车影院方块和消防控制室等三个成分是可靠的讲通信电话系统。通常在消防控制室;建立电梯监测演示板（包括位置指示器，显示方向灯，以讲信函电话，麻烦灯等） ，以进行必要的电梯在运行状态的监视和紧急情况下的控制。 配备了手动火警报警位置等按钮，消火栓按钮，还应该安装消防专用电话插座。 第三，消防联动控制 第一，消防联动控制应包括控制消防泵开启，停止，也应表现出的按钮，打开泵的位置和消防泵的工作和故障。当消火栓设有消火栓按钮时，其电气安装工程现场也应表现出的消防泵的工作模式有效状态（即建立消防泵工作表明灯） 。 第二，消防联动控制应包括控制喷洒水和水雾化灭火系统打开，停止，也应表现出的消防泵的工作和故障和流利显示，报警阀，安全信号阀工作模式积极的地位。此外，该盆地，水箱水位也应进行示范监测;为了防止检修信号阀关闭，作者认为应该使用带电信号控制信号阀证明它打开条件。 第三，消防联动控制其他控制和示范作用，应进行本标准和国家有关标准的具体规定。 第四，火灾自动报警系统布线 为了防止火灾发生时，消防控制，通信和警戒线遣散，使灭火工作无法进行，造成了更大的经济损失，也为抑制electronmagetic干扰（例如变压器，电电机，电缆等）的影响而产生的火灾自动报警系统。火灾自动报警系统的输电线路和消防控制，通信和预警线应使用被阻燃电缆，并应使用金属管或封闭式金属线槽保护。消防手册积极理事分期付款行应使用防火电缆，其电缆也应使用金属管或封闭式金属线槽保护。使用明复，应采取防火保护措施的金属管或封闭金属Fifth ，结论备注 作者取决于具体的项目实施经验，阐述了设计依据，火灾自动报警设计和实际问题，以便建立系统设备，消防联动控制及其接线拿出一些肤浅的意见，其目的是增强了火灾自动报警系统的设计质量，早期发现，并通知消防，预防和减少火灾危害，通过保护个人和财产安全。

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