中外文化交流的论文范文高中英语

中外文化交流的论文范文高中英语

With the strong development between China and wetern cultures， some western customs have also been brought into C More and more western customs like holidays or behaviors have been well accepted by Chinese and more and more foreigners are becoming interested in Chinese cultures as It is a good phenomenon that China are melting into worldwide culture in many areas， which can be good for international business developing and national Besides， letting more people to know about China is also a good way to break theories like China However， it is also need to be noted， especially for those young Chinese to well reserve good Chinese traditions， but not to indulge in western fashion trends

The key to effective cross-cultural communication is First， it is essential that people understand the potential problems of cross-cultural communication， and make a conscious effort to overcome these Second， it is important to assume that one’s efforts will not always be successful， and adjust one’s behavior For example， one should always assume that there is a significant possibility that cultural differences are causing communication problems， and be willing to be patient and forgiving， rather than hostile and aggressive， if problems One should respond slowly and carefully in cross-cultural exchanges， not jumping to the conclusion that you know what is being thought and William Ury’s suggestion for heated conflicts is to stop， listen， and think， or as he puts it "go to the balcony" when the situation gets By this he means withdraw from the situation， step back， and reflect on what is going on before you This helps in cross cultural communication as When things seem to be going badly， stop or slow down and What could be going on here? Is it possible I misinterpreted what they said， or they misinterpreted me? Often misinterpretation is the source of the Active listening can sometimes be used to check this out–by repeating what one thinks he or she heard， one can confirm that one understands the communication If words are used differently between languages or cultural groups， however， even active listening can overlook Often intermediaries who are familiar with both cultures can be helpful in cross-cultural communication They can translate both the substance and the manner of what is For instance， they can tone down strong statements that would be considered appropriate in one culture but not in another， before they are given to people from a culture that does not talk together in such a strong They can also adjust the timing of what is said and Some cultures move quickly to the point; others talk about other things long enough to establish rapport or a relationship with the other If discussion on the primary topic begins too soon， the group that needs a "warm up" first will feel A mediator or intermediary who understands this can explain the problem， and make appropriate procedural Yet sometimes intermediaries can make communication even more If a mediator is the same culture or nationality as one of the disputants， but not the other， this gives the appearance of bias， even when none Even when bias is not intended， it is common for mediators to be more supportive or more understanding of the person who is of his or her own culture， simply because they understand them Yet when the mediator is of a third cultural group， the potential for cross-cultural misunderstandings increases In this case engaging in extra discussions about the process and the manner of carrying out the discussions is appropriate， as is extra time for confirming and re-confirming understandings at every step in the dialogue or negotiating

Since the world has various culture，the distinction between different culture is obivious， Such cross- cultural communication sometimes can be They are originated from misunderstanding，discrimination，or merely unfamiliar with other The influences of such misunderstanding are usually For instance，negotiation with foreign partners may be prevented due to lacking of relevant knowledge of their Then what can we do to decrease，if can not eliminate such misunderstanding?First and foremost，it is fundermental to get in touch with different culture so as to know We can take advantage of network，as well as magzines and other materials to master more knowledge of other In this age，cross- cultural communication is Thus，it is important and necessary to take part in such trend and communicate 不是特别明白你作文的意思和要求，按我的理解写了文化差异和跨文化交流，如果你是需要英国的跨文化交流，你再修改下，大同小异

中外文化交流论文范文大全高中英语

The News Report has always been my favorite TV Almost everyday I turn on the TV at 6:30 and wait for the news This has become a part of my 　　 The News Report contains a large amount of information C from the international political situation to the latest foot-ball And the most important character is its fast Because of this fast pace， news programs can contain much information in a short 　　 In my opinion， the News Report is more than a TV It is a way of From this program， people can know and understand world The world thus becomes smaller and I especially appreciate this benefit of watching the How something changed me I don't konw when and how the life changed me to be the one who is typing in this But I know I am changing From the biological aspect， I am changing in My skin will become old and then die， my blood cells need to be replaced by new There are millons of biochemical reations happening in my body every Yeah， that's Compared with the girl wose owned the name' HH'， the currently HH is more In these years， I became to have confidence in my At least， I am not so ugly as I usually At the same time， I cam to know what is a In a society， you cannot live You must communicate with When you do everything， you need to meet with some Yes， I need to face the Never to escape from the true world and the relationships in the true I was afraid of meeting with strangers even till But the enviroment pushs me to change I am always an emotional Maybe， more rational thinking should be conducted before I make any Er， I need to learn about Some bad things happened on me when I grew to be the current :( I lost my former interest in reading， maybe because of other media such as movie， TV and I cannot focus on studying as There are many other things I will I am always on my way to find out who I am and who I want to Till now， there is still no Maybe the real answer will not be found till the last But at least， I own my experience today and more in I don't know what I want to be so I need to know more and try more before I get to the right place

There are some cultural differences between Chinese and western inorder to avoid unnecessary misunderstanding caused and First， Chinese concept of privacy isrelatively People count on their in-group to look after each Sothe Chinese are often very willing to understand other people's ups and downs， andthe others are willing to But to the westerners， violation of personalprivacy does not allow， For example， we tend to ask one's age， marital status，children， occupation， or income when first met each other， which is a polite inChinese， but in the West it will be considered as a violation of their Second， westerners deeply believe that time ismoney， so they are much cherished time in life， and they often do a carefulplanning at a fixed time， they have a good habit of Keep the appointment on But Chinese people are not very focused on Westerners have often feltuncomfortable about Third， Chinese people are willing to be When communication with others， we often praises others and belittle ourselves，we think that modesty is a For example， when we were praised， we often say"No， I am I just did what I should ” But in the same case the Westwill always say” Think you” to So we always think that westerners aretoo-confident and pride， and when hear the Chinese people that deny otherstheir own praise， westerns would be very surprised and think that the Chinese peopleare Finally， the Chinese nation's fine traditionof hospitality is In social situations， Chinese people often toast eachother and offering each other cigarettes， even if filled with delicious food，the owner has always used to say a few words such as” bear with me” Sometimesthe owner will use chopsticks to take their food the guest's bowl， using a varietyof ways to persuade the guests more than a bite， drink But in Westerncountries， people have respect for individual rights and personal So theywill not use various means to persuade guests to drink， you will not need todrunk so 您采纳，我很开心。

中西文化历来是世界文化的两大派系，而饮食在两个文化中部占有非常重要的地位。中西文化之间的差异从而造就了中西饮食文化的差异，在两种不同的文化背景下，中西方饮食习俗，不论在其观念、性质，还是在其方式、对象等诸多方面，所存在的差异是非常鲜明的。笔者根据自己几十年从事西式餐饮的经验，提出以下几点看法，以供参考。　　1、中西饮食观念的差异　　历史上，中国是世界上最古老的国家之一，有5000年的悠久而厚重的历史，创造了无数的灿烂文明，在这种文化蕴藏中，使中国的饮食更加博大精深。随着时间的流逝以及辽阔国土的地域差异，四大菜系逐渐形成，四大菜系自成体系，各有特点，但共同点是用料复杂考究，制作方法复杂，口味、菜式多种多样，令人惊叹。　　西方以欧美为代表，其文化同样源远流长。到中世纪，欧洲文化已十分完善，在此期间，旧西方的饮食文化已经形成。其主要特点为：主食以面粉为主，原料也较为丰富，制作方法较中国简单，但同时也十分注重口味。　　由于中西哲学思想的不同，西方人于饮食重科学。重科学即讲求营养。故西方饮食以营养为最高准则，进食犹如为一生物的机器添加燃料，特别讲求食物的营养成分，蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、维生素及各类无机元素的含量是否搭配合宜，热量的供给是否恰到好处以及这些营养成分是否能为进食者充分吸收，有无其他副作用。这些问题都是烹调中的大学问，而菜肴的色、香、味如何，则是次一等的要求。即或在西方首屈一指的饮食大国——法国，其饮食文化虽然在很多方面与我们近似，但一接触到营养问题，双方便拉开了距离。　　中国五味调和的烹调术旨在追求美味，其加工过程中的热油炸和长时间的文火攻，都会使菜肴的营养成分被破坏。法国烹调虽亦追求美味，但同时总不忘“营养”这一大前提，一味含营养而求美味是他们所不取的。尤其是20世纪60年代出现的现代烹调思想，特别强调养生、减肥，从而追求清淡少油，强调采用新鲜原料，强调烹调过程中保持原有的营养成分和原有的味道，所以蔬菜基本上都是生吃。所以说西方饮食之重营养是带有普遍性的。　　2、中西饮食对象的差异　　西方人认为菜肴是充饥的，所以专吃大块肉、整块鸡等“硬菜”；而中国的菜肴是“吃味”的。所以中国烹调在用料上也显出极大的随意性：许多西方人视为弃物的东西，在中国都是极好的原料，外国厨师无法处理的东西，一到中国厨师手里，就可以化腐朽为神奇。足见中国饮食在用料方面的随意性之广博。　　据西方植物学者的调查，中国人吃的菜蔬有600多种，比西方多6倍。实际上，在中国人的菜肴里，素菜是平常食品，荤菜只有在节假日或生活水平较高时，才进入平常的饮食结构，所以自古便有“菜食”之说，菜食在平常的饮食结构中占主导地位。中国人的以植物为主菜，与佛教徒的鼓吹有着千丝万缕的联系。佛教便视动物为“生灵”，而植物则“无灵”，所以，主张素食主义。　　西方人在介绍自己国家的饮食特点时，觉得比中国更重视营养的合理搭配，有较为发达的食品工业，如罐头、快餐等，虽口味千篇一律，但节省时间，且营养良好。故他们国家的人身体普遍比中国人健壮：高个、长腿、宽大的肩、发达的肌肉；而中国人则显得身材瘦小、肩窄腿短、色黄质弱。有人根据中西方饮食对象的明显差异这一特点，把中国人称为植物性格，西方人称为动物性格。　　3、中西钦食方式、餐具及礼仪的不同　　中西方的饮食方式有很大不同，这种差异对民族性格也有影响。在中国，任何一个宴席，不管是什么目的，都只会有一种形式，就是大家团团围坐，共享一席；筵席要用圆桌，这就从形式上造成了一种团结、礼貌、共趣的气氛。美味佳肴放在一桌人的中心，它既是一桌人欣赏、品尝的对象，又是一桌人感情交流的媒介物。人与人相互敬酒、相互让菜、劝菜，在美好的事物面前，体现了人与人之间相互尊重、争让的美德。虽然从卫生的角度看，这种饮食方式有明显的不足之处，但它符合我们民族“大团圆”的普遍心态，反映了中国古典哲学中“和”这个范畴对后代思想的影响，便于集体的情感交流，因而至今难以改革。　　在餐具方面，差异就更甚明显。众所周知，中国人包括亚洲一些黄种人的国家，使用的是筷子、汤匙，吃饭也用碗盛；而西方人呢，则是盘子盛食物，用刀叉即切即吃，喝汤则有专门的汤匙。筷子与刀叉作为东西方最具代表性的两种餐具，筷子和刀叉影响了东西方不同的生活方式，代表着不同的两种智慧。著名的物理学家、诺贝尔物理奖获得者李政道博士，在接受一位日本记者采访时，也有一段很精辟的论述：“中华民族是个优秀民族，中国人早在春秋战国时期就使用了筷子。如此简单的两根东西，却是高妙绝伦地运用了物理学上的杠杆原理。筷子是人类手指的延伸，手指能做的事它几乎都能做，而且不怕高温与寒冷。真是高明极了!”　　在礼仪方面，中西两者更显不同。在中国古代，在用餐过程中，就有一套繁文缛节。《礼记·曲记》载：“共食不饱，共饭不择手，毋放饭，……毋固获，毋扬饭，……卒食，客自前跪，撒饭齐以授相者，主人辞于客，然后客坐。”这段话大意主要是：大家共同吃饭时，不可以只顾自己吃饭。如果和别人一起吃饭，必须检查手的清洁。不要把多余的饭放回锅里，不要专占着食物，也不要簸扬着热饭。吃完饭后，客人应该起身向前收拾桌上的盘碟，交给主人，主人跟着起身，请客人不要劳动，然后客人再坐下。这些礼仪有的在现代也是必要的礼貌。在西方宴席上，主人一般只给客人夹一次菜，其余由客人自主食用：若客人不要，也不便硬让人家再吃，也不要按中国人的习惯频频给客人劝酒、夹菜。吃东西时，也不要发出响声，但客人要注意赞赏主人准备的饭菜。若与人谈话，只能与邻座的交谈，不要与距离远的人交谈。　　4、中西饮食性质的差异　　饮食观念的不同，使西方饮食倾向于科学、理性，中国饮食倾向于艺术、感性。烹调出自饮食，饮食原来是一个旨在供给维持生命的营养。西方饮食习俗的着重点仅仅是原始的饮食实用性的延伸；而中国饮食习俗中对味的偏重，就把饮食推向了艺术的殿堂。从这两种饮食观可以看出：西方饮食日趋规范化，中，国饮食随意性大。　　中西方饮食文化差异是明显的，而且各有长处。随着经济全球化及信息变流的加快，中西饮食文化将在碰撞中不断融合，在融合中相互互补。现在的中餐已开始注重食物的营养性、健康性和烹饪的科学性；西餐也开始向中餐的色、香、味、意、形的境界发展。中西餐饮文化将在交流中共同发展。

中外文化交流论文范文高中英语单词

thenwesetupthetables，weprefercolorfulclothes，thechineseattemptstofusethehumanand'，，youcantakepartintheirjoyfulnightlife，Istillbelievethat“Eastorwest，Debasewomenandchauvanistic2，Eastandwest，I'，2，Second，thenweeatandwatchTV，Iwanttotalkaboutitinthefollowingthreeparts，theyoftenwearcasualclothes，sittogether，html，com/question/49117968，andtastethedishestogether，livingstyles，andtheyeatwithseparateplates，4，heaven'，3，pastaastheirmaincourse，Welikesavemoneyandwhenwehaveenoughmoney，peopledressaccordingtheirvisitingplaces，itmeans'，butiftheygotoaformalplaces，barstohavearestaftertheyfinishtheirwork，Nomatterhowoldtheladiesare，Someofthedisadvantageofoldchineseculture，baidu，1，Payhomagetoheavenandearth，(敬仰天地，(天人和一)4，inventionandexpandoutwards，Weusuallygohomeearlyandcookmeals，思乡怀土)Thiswasaccordedtothefactthatchinesehadbeenafarmingcivilizationandthereforewillbemorepronetoremembertheirland，West，welikechattingandlaughing，Youcanneverfind'，theyoftenwearsuits，Youdon'，bungeejumpingisconsideredadventurousandcommoninwesternculture，Thoughwestcountrieshavemoreadvantagesinliving，peopleliveinaeasyandhappylives，http，Toresolvehumanandspiritualism，srelationship，wedon’teatwithindividualplates，thenwegotobed，Aculturethatisbasedonhumanismandpeople3，mean'，anddressmoreformalorlessformal，whichattemptstoresolvepeopleandnature'，weprefernoodles，Forinstance，//zhidao，theyalwaysmakeup，InChina，2，Icantellyousome，insteadofplacingthewholesocietyaboveyourownself，Peaceisalwayshonoured，chineseemphasizesinternalcultivation(修身养性)6，1，Chineseprefergettingupearlyandgotobedearlytoo，wethinkit’swarmandhappytoeatthisway，peopleeatdessertsaftertheyfinishtheirmeals，Toresolvepeopleandpeople'，html，InChina，pizza，srelationship，rice，Theyarefood，ThisisclearlydifferentinChinawhereacountry，theygotopubs，Forinstance，baidu，don’tmakeup，ladieswearingbeautifuldresses，butyouwillprobablyfindno-onedoingsuchathinginChina，jiaoziasthemaincourse，Afocusonbalanceandmean，srelationship，(一）Whatarethemajordifferencesbetweenchineseandwesternculture，dressingandlivingstyles，andreligiontoresolvehumanandspiritualismrelationship，6，youalwaystalkaboutindividualrights，That’sthedifferencesIfoundduringthedaysIstayedinEngland，Weoftenworkduringtheholidays，thenwedon’teatanything，ButinEnglandorotherwestcountries，7，Peopleplacedcountryandfamilyaboveyourownself，

这个150词是写不明白的吧？

好吧，中西方文化最好能从小处写，这有范文一篇Eastern Culture VS Western CultureThe world we live in is composed of an immense diversity of different One of the main contrasts within this diversity of cultures is the differences between the East and W Eastern and Western cultures contrast each other in many different In this essay， I will discuss how the difference in culture between the East and West differs and how it also affects the difference in behaviors of Firstly， I would like to point out that there are apparent evidences to how the two cultures are different from each other from what we can see and For example， the languages spoken at each end of the world are completely different in characters， tone， and What are visible to us from the outside such as clothing， language， behavior are all differences in which everybody can Of course， when we minimize our area of observation rather than the general picture， we must not neglect the fact that there are many different cultures consisting in both the East and West which also vary in very different It is most significant to understand the existence of many different cultures other than your own while having a broad and open mind or else it will be the cause of conflicts and tension between people and This is also because each culture has their own way of portraying something through communication， religion， customs， lifestyles， and so Misunderstandings may arise due to the lack of understanding and knowledge of a person regarding another culture that is not their Following the difference in expressing cultures， let’s let Asia represent the E Asians focus very much on respect and personal distance very They are known to always be very formal and polite even when talking to their own In Asian cultures， when having a conversation with somebody， you will realize that they are not too exposed and only expose a minimum of their expressions such as their They tend to avoid showing their emotions when having a conversation to remain neutral so they do not give any false assumptions to who they are talking Regarding the personal distance， they avoid any contact with the other person and keep to their own For example， in Asian cultures people would bow or tilt their heads as a sign of “hello，” “thank you，” or “goodbye，” whereas in Western culture， a handshake or even a hug is considered to be Asian culture strongly values the hierarchy system in which they very much respect their superiors and anyone above them in the social Rank or status is evident especially in the business culture of Asian countries because the attitude of an employee to their employer shows the at most respect， loyalty， and Treating every person the same way in Asian culture can be considered rude at times because what may be acceptable in the western culture may not be acceptable in Asian For example， the eldest son in a family will not be permitted to talk to his parents or grandparents the same way he talks to his younger This social hierarchy is apparent in Asian schools where people in younger schools act very polite to their This social hierarchy that exists in schools has become a serious issue in recent years because it has become the cause of Next， I would like to discuss the Western culture in contrast to Eastern or Asian The quality of life is strongly valued in western culture where families should be prioritized before Western cultures such as the US are much more laid back compared to Eastern cultures regarding human Western cultures are not as reserved and stand closer together when having It is interesting to see the difference between the East and West when relating their cultures to their In Western cultures， they consider life as a form of service， whether it is toward your business， family， belief， and so In Eastern cultures， life is viewed as a never ending journey， although of course this depends on which Eastern cultural belief we are focused Eastern cultural tend to have a more spiritual approach to their goals where they encourage each individual to lead a virtuous life while striving towards their success， while Western culture is more materialistic which refers to the concrete elements you have in your life such as money and strives towards success through ethical analysis and In conclusion， there are many aspects such as communication， religion， behavior， lifestyles， and so on which can be compared and contrasted with between Eastern and Western The major difference is derived from the different cultural values， beliefs， and teachings in each of the cultures that differentiates the two It is an interesting fact that a completely different culture and people exist directly on the other side of the Each culture has its own unique， significant， and valuable elements which is important to acknowledge when understanding different cultures to avoid

TheculturedifferencesbetweentheEastandWest东方和西方间的不同文化 Asweknow，therearesomanydifferencesbetweencultureoftheEastandWestthatI（众说周知，东方和西方间在不同方面有许多我难以列举的不同之处。） ItisnodoubtthatitisatraditiontousechopsticksforCButpeopleinATAmericanschoosetoeatbeefsteak，bread，andsalad，whileChinesepeoplechoosenoodles，（无疑中国人用筷子是一种传统。但是美国人更喜欢叉子和小刀这不同的结果建立在她们对食物的喜好上。美国人选择吃牛肉片，面包和沙拉然而中国人选择吃面条，薄烤饼和米饭。 Inmyopinion，thestudyinATInaaddition，therateofgoingtoschool，thesalaryofteaching，andthejobofgruduatesarequitedifferent，IthinkthatCIalsoexpecttobeoneday，theWestgivemorecheers （在我看来，在美国学习会更有趣。老师们注重培养学生们对现实生活的理解能力。而且，去学校的上学率，教学的工资和毕业后的工作也大不相同。我认为中国政府应该尽更大的努力改善教育系统。我也期望有一天，西方能给中国更多的鼓励。

唐朝中外文化交流论文范文高中英语

唐朝是一个繁荣的朝代他们的外交也是非常有名的。就比如说我们熟悉的西游记里面的玄奘。在现实生活中，他虽没有经历过九九八十一难，但是也经历过许多磨难，才到天竺（也就是我们说的印度）。我们现在的佛教就是从印度发源来的。当时印度的佛教比我们高深的多。玄奘在那里受到了很多的欢迎他最后也在那里成为一个有名的僧人。再比如说东渡日本6次的鉴真他双目失明也要到日本去讲学。当时政府也是不用许出海的他到日本为日本的发展建设作出了重大贡献，他为日本群众尝试百草，被尊称为药王，也为日本修建了有名的唐招提寺。

以中外文化交流为主题的话题作文，那么你就要以中国的文化和外国文化的主要异同来进行阐述

可以用唐代女性服饰为例，唐代女性服饰以艳丽的色彩和开放的服饰为主。这都与当时外来人种交流所来的~

【1】628年，高僧玄奘历尽艰险到达天竺，在那烂陀寺学习经典；642年在戒日王举行的宗教辩论大会上主讲佛理，深为各界折服；645年，携657部佛经返回国都长安。【2】754年，高僧鉴真东渡到达日本，讲经弘法，传布律宗，被日本朝廷授予“大和尚”称号，成为日本律宗的始祖；【3】671年，高僧义净到达天竺并于25年后携400余部佛经归国。【4】644年，唐朝派李义表出使印度，途经尼泊尔，受到国王的优礼接待，从此双方建立良好的关系。【5】唐高宗时，朝廷派遣王明出使吐火罗国（即今天的阿富汗），并册封其国王阿史那为军事月氏都督。【6】643年，拂菻（即东罗马帝国）派遣使臣出使唐朝，唐太宗回书答聘，并赐给绫绮。【7】651年，大食（即阿拉伯帝国）派遣使臣通唐，自此唐与阿拉伯帝国互通友好；安史之乱时，唐朝甚至借大食兵帮助收复长安和洛阳。【8】623年，林邑（今越南中南部）遣使臣来朝。【9】670年，狮子国（斯里兰卡）遣使来朝。【10】802年，骠国（缅甸）使臣前来朝贡。【11】814年，真腊（柬埔寨）使臣来朝。①唐朝的对外关系发展使唐朝的政治、经济和文化在世界上产生了重要影响，促进了亚洲乃至世界文明的进步；②同时通过对外交往，唐朝学习了当时世界上最先进的文化科学技术，进一步促使唐朝经济文化的繁荣，也丰富了人民的经济文化生活

中外文化交流的论文范文英语

The News Report has always been my favorite TV Almost everyday I turn on the TV at 6:30 and wait for the news This has become a part of my 　　 The News Report contains a large amount of information C from the international political situation to the latest foot-ball And the most important character is its fast Because of this fast pace， news programs can contain much information in a short 　　 In my opinion， the News Report is more than a TV It is a way of From this program， people can know and understand world The world thus becomes smaller and I especially appreciate this benefit of watching the How something changed me I don't konw when and how the life changed me to be the one who is typing in this But I know I am changing From the biological aspect， I am changing in My skin will become old and then die， my blood cells need to be replaced by new There are millons of biochemical reations happening in my body every Yeah， that's Compared with the girl wose owned the name' HH'， the currently HH is more In these years， I became to have confidence in my At least， I am not so ugly as I usually At the same time， I cam to know what is a In a society， you cannot live You must communicate with When you do everything， you need to meet with some Yes， I need to face the Never to escape from the true world and the relationships in the true I was afraid of meeting with strangers even till But the enviroment pushs me to change I am always an emotional Maybe， more rational thinking should be conducted before I make any Er， I need to learn about Some bad things happened on me when I grew to be the current :( I lost my former interest in reading， maybe because of other media such as movie， TV and I cannot focus on studying as There are many other things I will I am always on my way to find out who I am and who I want to Till now， there is still no Maybe the real answer will not be found till the last But at least， I own my experience today and more in I don't know what I want to be so I need to know more and try more before I get to the right place

中西文化历来是世界文化的两大派系，而饮食在两个文化中部占有非常重要的地位。中西文化之间的差异从而造就了中西饮食文化的差异，在两种不同的文化背景下，中西方饮食习俗，不论在其观念、性质，还是在其方式、对象等诸多方面，所存在的差异是非常鲜明的。笔者根据自己几十年从事西式餐饮的经验，提出以下几点看法，以供参考。　　1、中西饮食观念的差异　　历史上，中国是世界上最古老的国家之一，有5000年的悠久而厚重的历史，创造了无数的灿烂文明，在这种文化蕴藏中，使中国的饮食更加博大精深。随着时间的流逝以及辽阔国土的地域差异，四大菜系逐渐形成，四大菜系自成体系，各有特点，但共同点是用料复杂考究，制作方法复杂，口味、菜式多种多样，令人惊叹。　　西方以欧美为代表，其文化同样源远流长。到中世纪，欧洲文化已十分完善，在此期间，旧西方的饮食文化已经形成。其主要特点为：主食以面粉为主，原料也较为丰富，制作方法较中国简单，但同时也十分注重口味。　　由于中西哲学思想的不同，西方人于饮食重科学。重科学即讲求营养。故西方饮食以营养为最高准则，进食犹如为一生物的机器添加燃料，特别讲求食物的营养成分，蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、维生素及各类无机元素的含量是否搭配合宜，热量的供给是否恰到好处以及这些营养成分是否能为进食者充分吸收，有无其他副作用。这些问题都是烹调中的大学问，而菜肴的色、香、味如何，则是次一等的要求。即或在西方首屈一指的饮食大国——法国，其饮食文化虽然在很多方面与我们近似，但一接触到营养问题，双方便拉开了距离。　　中国五味调和的烹调术旨在追求美味，其加工过程中的热油炸和长时间的文火攻，都会使菜肴的营养成分被破坏。法国烹调虽亦追求美味，但同时总不忘“营养”这一大前提，一味含营养而求美味是他们所不取的。尤其是20世纪60年代出现的现代烹调思想，特别强调养生、减肥，从而追求清淡少油，强调采用新鲜原料，强调烹调过程中保持原有的营养成分和原有的味道，所以蔬菜基本上都是生吃。所以说西方饮食之重营养是带有普遍性的。　　2、中西饮食对象的差异　　西方人认为菜肴是充饥的，所以专吃大块肉、整块鸡等“硬菜”；而中国的菜肴是“吃味”的。所以中国烹调在用料上也显出极大的随意性：许多西方人视为弃物的东西，在中国都是极好的原料，外国厨师无法处理的东西，一到中国厨师手里，就可以化腐朽为神奇。足见中国饮食在用料方面的随意性之广博。　　据西方植物学者的调查，中国人吃的菜蔬有600多种，比西方多6倍。实际上，在中国人的菜肴里，素菜是平常食品，荤菜只有在节假日或生活水平较高时，才进入平常的饮食结构，所以自古便有“菜食”之说，菜食在平常的饮食结构中占主导地位。中国人的以植物为主菜，与佛教徒的鼓吹有着千丝万缕的联系。佛教便视动物为“生灵”，而植物则“无灵”，所以，主张素食主义。　　西方人在介绍自己国家的饮食特点时，觉得比中国更重视营养的合理搭配，有较为发达的食品工业，如罐头、快餐等，虽口味千篇一律，但节省时间，且营养良好。故他们国家的人身体普遍比中国人健壮：高个、长腿、宽大的肩、发达的肌肉；而中国人则显得身材瘦小、肩窄腿短、色黄质弱。有人根据中西方饮食对象的明显差异这一特点，把中国人称为植物性格，西方人称为动物性格。　　3、中西钦食方式、餐具及礼仪的不同　　中西方的饮食方式有很大不同，这种差异对民族性格也有影响。在中国，任何一个宴席，不管是什么目的，都只会有一种形式，就是大家团团围坐，共享一席；筵席要用圆桌，这就从形式上造成了一种团结、礼貌、共趣的气氛。美味佳肴放在一桌人的中心，它既是一桌人欣赏、品尝的对象，又是一桌人感情交流的媒介物。人与人相互敬酒、相互让菜、劝菜，在美好的事物面前，体现了人与人之间相互尊重、争让的美德。虽然从卫生的角度看，这种饮食方式有明显的不足之处，但它符合我们民族“大团圆”的普遍心态，反映了中国古典哲学中“和”这个范畴对后代思想的影响，便于集体的情感交流，因而至今难以改革。　　在餐具方面，差异就更甚明显。众所周知，中国人包括亚洲一些黄种人的国家，使用的是筷子、汤匙，吃饭也用碗盛；而西方人呢，则是盘子盛食物，用刀叉即切即吃，喝汤则有专门的汤匙。筷子与刀叉作为东西方最具代表性的两种餐具，筷子和刀叉影响了东西方不同的生活方式，代表着不同的两种智慧。著名的物理学家、诺贝尔物理奖获得者李政道博士，在接受一位日本记者采访时，也有一段很精辟的论述：“中华民族是个优秀民族，中国人早在春秋战国时期就使用了筷子。如此简单的两根东西，却是高妙绝伦地运用了物理学上的杠杆原理。筷子是人类手指的延伸，手指能做的事它几乎都能做，而且不怕高温与寒冷。真是高明极了!”　　在礼仪方面，中西两者更显不同。在中国古代，在用餐过程中，就有一套繁文缛节。《礼记·曲记》载：“共食不饱，共饭不择手，毋放饭，……毋固获，毋扬饭，……卒食，客自前跪，撒饭齐以授相者，主人辞于客，然后客坐。”这段话大意主要是：大家共同吃饭时，不可以只顾自己吃饭。如果和别人一起吃饭，必须检查手的清洁。不要把多余的饭放回锅里，不要专占着食物，也不要簸扬着热饭。吃完饭后，客人应该起身向前收拾桌上的盘碟，交给主人，主人跟着起身，请客人不要劳动，然后客人再坐下。这些礼仪有的在现代也是必要的礼貌。在西方宴席上，主人一般只给客人夹一次菜，其余由客人自主食用：若客人不要，也不便硬让人家再吃，也不要按中国人的习惯频频给客人劝酒、夹菜。吃东西时，也不要发出响声，但客人要注意赞赏主人准备的饭菜。若与人谈话，只能与邻座的交谈，不要与距离远的人交谈。　　4、中西饮食性质的差异　　饮食观念的不同，使西方饮食倾向于科学、理性，中国饮食倾向于艺术、感性。烹调出自饮食，饮食原来是一个旨在供给维持生命的营养。西方饮食习俗的着重点仅仅是原始的饮食实用性的延伸；而中国饮食习俗中对味的偏重，就把饮食推向了艺术的殿堂。从这两种饮食观可以看出：西方饮食日趋规范化，中，国饮食随意性大。　　中西方饮食文化差异是明显的，而且各有长处。随着经济全球化及信息变流的加快，中西饮食文化将在碰撞中不断融合，在融合中相互互补。现在的中餐已开始注重食物的营养性、健康性和烹饪的科学性；西餐也开始向中餐的色、香、味、意、形的境界发展。中西餐饮文化将在交流中共同发展。