关于孔子的历史论文摘要英语翻译

关于孔子的历史论文摘要英语翻译

Confucius，One of the most famous people in ancient China was a wise philosopher named C Hesometimes went by the names Kong Zi though he was born - Kong Qiu - styled Zhong N He wasborn in the village of Zou in the country of LThis Chinese man was a well-known leader in philosophy and he also made many wise phrases and theories about the law， life， and the Confucius is famous for his philosophy because he made many wise sayings in ancient China that helped many people learn about nature，the world， and the human He also helped the government and the emperor by teachingthem lessons on how the emperor should rule his kingdom Confucius was born in a poor family in the year 551 BC， and he was born in the state of L His original name was Kung C His father， commander of a district in Lu， died three years after Confucius was born， leaving the family in poverty; but Confucius nevertheless received a fine He was married at the age of 19 and had one son and two 翻译：　孔子，名丘，字仲尼。鲁国陬邑人。先世是宋国贵族，避难迁鲁。他出生时，家世已经没落。年轻时做过季孙氏的委吏和乘田等。三十多岁到齐国，几年没有得到齐君的｀重用，又回到鲁国，聚徒讲学。五十多岁时，由鲁国中都宰升任司寇。后又曾周游宋、卫、蔡、齐、楚等国。晚年在鲁国编订古代文化典籍《诗》《尚书》《春秋》等，教授门徒。孔子的弟子曾将他的谈话和他与门徒的问答，辑成《论语》一书，这是研究孔子思想的主要资料。孔子的教育思想孔子在中国历史上最早提出人的天赋素质相近，个性差异主要是因为后天教育与社会环境影响（“性相近也，习相远也”）。因而人人都可能受教育，人人都应该受教育。他提倡“有教无类”，创办私学，广招学生，打破了奴隶主贵族对学校教育的垄断，把受教育的范围扩大到平民，顺应了当时社会发展的趋势。

Kong Zi is a great thinker， statesman and educator of ancient China， the Confucian school， the theory has not only affected the development process of China for thousands of years， also profoundly affected the patterns of thought and behavior of each of the Chinese people， become the theoretical foundation of Oriental character and Profound Confucian culture represented by Kong Zi created， constitute the mainstream and the foundation of Chinese traditional culture， today is still in social life play a significant positive He advocated kindheartedness， emphasized by the ritual music system support interpersonal harmony， harmony， building a harmonious society this is modern social In the modern Confucius culture is still very The creation of Kong Zi culture festival held in and around the Kong Zi Institute have allowed Kong Zi to continue to improve the cultural influence is not 译文：孔子是中国古代伟大的思想家、政治家、教育家，儒家学派创始人，其学说不仅影响了中国几千年的发展进程，还深刻地影响著每一个中国人的思想和行为模式，成为东方人品格和心理的理论基础。以孔子为代表创立的儒家文化博大精深，构成了中华民族传统文化的主流和基础，时至今日仍在社会生活中发挥着巨大的积极作用。 他倡导仁爱，强调以礼乐制度支持的人际和谐，以和为贵，这也是现代社会构建和谐社会的思想。 在现代孔子文化依然很流行。孔子文化节的举办和各地孔子学院的创建都使孔子文化的影响力不断不提高 生词多吗？望采纳！很辛苦的。

Confucius (born Kong Qiu， styled Zhong Ni) was born in the village of Zou in the country of Lu in 551 BC， a poor descendant of a deposed noble As a child， he held make-believe temple rituals; as a young adult， he quickly earned a reputation for fairness， politeness and love of learning， and he was reputed to be quite He traveled extensively and studied at the imperial capital， Zhou， where he is said to have met and spoke with Lao Zi， the founder of D Upon his return to Lu， he gained renown as a teacher， but when he was 35， Duke Zhao of Lu led his country to war， was routed and fled to the neighboring country of Qi; in the disorder following the battle， Confucius Duke Zhao frequently came to him for advice， but upon counsel of one of his ministers， he decided against granting land to Confucius and gradually stopped seeking his When other nobles began plotting against Confucius' position， Duke Zhao refused to intervene， and Confucius returned to L But conditions there were no better than before， and Confucius retired from public life to concentrate on teaching and At age 50， he was approached by the Baron of Qi to help defend against a rebellion， but he He was later made a city magistrate by the new Duke of Lu， and under his administration the city flourished; he was promoted several times， eventually becoming Grand Secretary of Justice and， at age 56， Chief Minister of L Neighboring countries began to worry that Lu would become too powerful， and they sent messengers with gifts and dancers to distract the duke during a sacrifice When the duke abandoned his duties to receive the messengers， Confucius resigned and left the Confucius spent the next five years wandering China with his disciples， finding that his presence at royal courts was rarely tolerated for long before nobles would begin plotting to drive him out or have him He was arrested once and jailed for five days， and at 62 he was pursued， along with his disciples， into the countryside by a band of soldiers sent by jealous nobles， until he was able to send a messenger to the sympathetic king of a nearby country， who sent his own soldiers to rescue Once again， Confucius was to be given land but was denied it upon counsel of another high After further wanderings， he eventually returned to Lu at age Although he was welcomed there and chose to remain， he was not offered public office again， nor did he seek Instead he spent the rest of his years teaching and， finally， He died at 孔子(名秋 字仲尼)生于鲁国邹村在我国公元前551年， 元老废黜了一个贫苦家庭高贵 作为一个孩子，他认为地以为庙祭; 作为一个年轻的成年人，他很快赢得美誉公平、 礼貌、爱学习，他被誉为是相当高大 他走遍了研究和广泛的帝国首都周 据说他曾与交谈老子，道家创始人 返回卢，他赢得声威当老师，但是当他35岁 赵吕公爵率领乌加战争是落花流水逃往邻国齐; 在混乱的战斗后，孔子之后 杜克赵常找他请教，但他的一名律师在部长会议 他决定对孔子逐渐停止批地给他的律师求 当其他贵族开始密谋对付孔子地位杜克赵拒绝介入，孔子返鲁 但没有任何条件比以前更好、离退休孔子退隐专心教学和学习 50岁时，他遇见了男爵齐协防打击叛乱，但他拒绝 他后来被新县长作了一个城市格洛斯特路 而在他主政全市蓬勃开展; 升任几次，终于成为大政司司长， 年仅56岁，首席部长鲁 周边国家开始担心，将成为卢太强大 送信、送礼物、跳舞，他们分散在公爵牺牲假期 当公爵遗弃职务领取送信，孔子辞职，离开该国 未来5年内花费孔子与弟子中徘徊， 法院认定他出席皇家贵族很少容忍多久便开始密谋把他或他杀死 他被捕入狱后五天，他是在62追求，随着他的弟子， 到郊外一阶士兵发出嫉妒贵族， 直到他能够体谅国王派遣使者到邻近的国家， 当年送自己的士兵拯救 再次，孔子得到它的土地，但遭到拒绝后，高律师另一个大臣 进一步漫游后，他终于回到鲁年仅 虽然他并没有选择留欢迎，他没有向公职再次 他也不求 而他花了他多年的教学和休息，最后写作 他死在

介绍：孔子（公元前551年9月28日―公元前479年4月11日） ，子姓，  孔氏，名丘，字仲尼，春秋末期鲁国陬邑（今山东曲阜）人，祖籍宋国栗邑（今河南夏邑），中国古代思想家、教育家，儒家学派创始人。他开创了私人讲学的风气，倡导仁、义、礼、智、信。孔子曾带领部分弟子周游列国前后达十三年，晚年修订六经即《诗》《书》《礼》《乐》《易》《春秋》。相传孔子曾问礼于老子，有弟子三千，其中贤人七十二。孔子去世后，其弟子及其再传弟子把孔子及其弟子的言行语录和思想记录下来，整理编成儒家经典《论语》。Introduction:Confucius (September 28， 551 BC - April 11， 479 BC)， Zi's surname， Confucius， Mingqiu， Zhongni， a member of Luguo Haoyi (now Qufu， Shandong Province) in the late Spring and Autumn Period， was born in Liyi，Song Dynasty (now Xiayi， Henan Province)， an ancient thinker， educator and founder of C He initiated the atmosphere of private lectures and advocated benevolence， righteousness， courtesy， wisdom and Confucius led some disciples around the world for thirteen In his later years， he revised the Six Classics: Poetry， Book， Ritual， Music， Yi， Spring and A According to legend，Confucius once asked etiquette to Lao Tzu， with disciples three thousand， among whom seventy-two were After the death of Confucius， his disciples and their reincarnated disciples recorded the words，deeds and thoughts of Confucius and his disciples and compiled them into the Confucian classic The Analects of C扩展资料人物生平贵族出身孔子的祖上是宋国栗邑（今河南夏邑）的贵族  ，先祖是商朝开国君主商汤。周初三监之乱后，为了安抚商朝的贵族及后裔，周公以周成王之命封商纣王的亲兄长微子启 于商丘建立宋国，奉殷商祀。微子启死后，其弟微仲即位，微仲是孔子的十五世祖。六世祖得孔氏，是为孔父嘉。孔父嘉是宋国大夫，曾为大司马，封地位于宋国栗邑，后来在宫廷内乱中被太宰华督所杀。孔父嘉子木金父，木金父生孔防叔，孔防叔的孙子叔梁纥就是孔子的父亲，叔梁纥为避宋国战乱逃到鲁国的陬邑（今山东曲阜）定居，其官职为陬邑大夫。 圣人降世叔梁纥的正妻施氏，生了九个女儿却没有一个儿子，小妾为他生了长子孟皮，孟皮有足疾，叔梁纥很不满意。于是叔梁纥请求颜氏让她三个女儿之中的一个立为妾，颜氏念叔梁年老且性情急躁，于是征求三个女儿的意见。长女和次女都不同意，只有小女儿颜徵在愿嫁叔梁纥。颜徵在时年不满二十岁，而叔梁纥已经六十六岁，年龄相差悬殊，两人为婚于礼不合，夫妻在尼山居住并且怀孕，故谓之“野合”。孔子在鲁襄公二十二年十月 [10]  （儒略历公元前551年；格里历公元前551年9月28日。关于孔子出生年月有两种记载，相差一年，一般依《史记·孔子世家》说。）申时于陬邑昌平乡诞生。Paul Mauriat's HistoryAristocracyConfucius'ancestors were aristocrats of Liyi in Song Dynasty (Xiayi in Henan Province today) His ancestors were Shang Tang，the founding monarch of Shang D  In order to appease the nobles and descendants of the Shang Dynasty after the three prison rebellions in the early Zhou Dynasty， the Duke of Zhou appointed King Zhou Chengwang to confer on Weiziqi， the elder brother of the Shang King， to establish the Song Dynasty in Shangqiu and worship the Yin Shang D After the death of the son， his brother Wei Zhong ascended the throne and Wei Zhong was Confucius's fifteen  The sixth generation was born by Kong's Confucius Father Jia was a doctor of the Song D He was once a master of the Song D He was feuded in Liyi of the Song DLater， he was killed by the superintendent Huadu in the court civil Father Confucius Jiazi Mu Jinfu， father Mu Jinfu， was born to Uncle Kong F Uncle Liang Wan， grandson of Uncle Kong Fang，was the father of C Uncle Liang Wan fled to Luyi (now Qufu， Shandong Province) to settle down in order to avoid the war of Song D His official post was Doctor WThe saints descended to the worldShu Liangwan's wife， Shi Shi， had nine daughters but no The concubine gave birth to his eldest son， Mengpi， who had foot Shu Liangwan was very So Shulianghe asked Yan to let one of her three daughters be a Yan was very old and impatient， so he asked for the advice of her three Both the eldest daughter and the second daughter Only the younger daughter， Yan Zheng， was willing to marry uncle LYan Zheng was under 20 years old at that time， while Shu Liangwan was 66 years There was a great difference in They were not married because of the incompatibility of The couple lived in Nishan and became  Confucius was in October [10] of the 22nd year of Luxiang Gong (551 BC in Julian calendar and 28 September 551 BCin Gregorian calendar) There are two kinds of records about Confucius'birth date， one year Generally speaking， according to the History of Confucius， Confucius F Shen was born in Pingxiang， C参考资料：百度百科-孔子

关于孔子的历史论文摘要英文翻译

Confucius，One of the most famous people in ancient China was a wise philosopher named C Hesometimes went by the names Kong Zi though he was born - Kong Qiu - styled Zhong N He wasborn in the village of Zou in the country of LThis Chinese man was a well-known leader in philosophy and he also made many wise phrases and theories about the law， life， and the Confucius is famous for his philosophy because he made many wise sayings in ancient China that helped many people learn about nature，the world， and the human He also helped the government and the emperor by teachingthem lessons on how the emperor should rule his kingdom Confucius was born in a poor family in the year 551 BC， and he was born in the state of L His original name was Kung C His father， commander of a district in Lu， died three years after Confucius was born， leaving the family in poverty; but Confucius nevertheless received a fine He was married at the age of 19 and had one son and two 翻译：　孔子，名丘，字仲尼。鲁国陬邑人。先世是宋国贵族，避难迁鲁。他出生时，家世已经没落。年轻时做过季孙氏的委吏和乘田等。三十多岁到齐国，几年没有得到齐君的｀重用，又回到鲁国，聚徒讲学。五十多岁时，由鲁国中都宰升任司寇。后又曾周游宋、卫、蔡、齐、楚等国。晚年在鲁国编订古代文化典籍《诗》《尚书》《春秋》等，教授门徒。孔子的弟子曾将他的谈话和他与门徒的问答，辑成《论语》一书，这是研究孔子思想的主要资料。孔子的教育思想孔子在中国历史上最早提出人的天赋素质相近，个性差异主要是因为后天教育与社会环境影响（“性相近也，习相远也”）。因而人人都可能受教育，人人都应该受教育。他提倡“有教无类”，创办私学，广招学生，打破了奴隶主贵族对学校教育的垄断，把受教育的范围扩大到平民，顺应了当时社会发展的趋势。

孔子的生平One of the most famous people in ancient China was a wise philosopher named Confucius (circa 551-479 BC) He sometimes went by the names Kong Zi though he was born - Kong Qiu - styled Zhong N He was born in the village of Zou in the country of L This chinese man was a well-known leader in philosophy and he also made many wise phrases and theories about the law， life， and the Philosophy is a kind of a system of ideas and thoughts that talk about the human's behavior， the rules that you should follow to make a successful life， and about the In other words， it's about thoughts and theories that teach other people lessons about principles， or rules， about life and it also teaches you a moral ( sort of like the morals that are at the end of a fable) Confucius is famous for his philosophy because he made many wise sayings in ancient China that helped many people learn about nature， the world， and the human He also helped the government and the emperor by teaching them lessons on how the emperor should rule his kingdom Confucius was born in a poor family in the year 551 BC， and he was born in the state of L His original name was K'ung Ch' His father， commander of a district in Lu， died three years after Confucius was born， leaving the family in poverty; but Confucius nevertheless received a fine He was married at the age of 19 and had one son and two He worked as a keeper of a Then he was a farm worker who took care of parks and farm When he was 20， he worked for the governor of his 主要思想见下面参考资料

Confucius (born Kong Qiu， styled Zhong Ni) was born in the village of Zou in the country of Lu in 551 BC， a poor descendant of a deposed noble As a child， he held make-believe temple rituals; as a young adult， he quickly earned a reputation for fairness， politeness and love of learning， and he was reputed to be quite He traveled extensively and studied at the imperial capital， Zhou， where he is said to have met and spoke with Lao Zi， the founder of D Upon his return to Lu， he gained renown as a teacher， but when he was 35， Duke Zhao of Lu led his country to war， was routed and fled to the neighboring country of Qi; in the disorder following the battle， Confucius Duke Zhao frequently came to him for advice， but upon counsel of one of his ministers， he decided against granting land to Confucius and gradually stopped seeking his When other nobles began plotting against Confucius' position， Duke Zhao refused to intervene， and Confucius returned to L But conditions there were no better than before， and Confucius retired from public life to concentrate on teaching and At age 50， he was approached by the Baron of Qi to help defend against a rebellion， but he He was later made a city magistrate by the new Duke of Lu， and under his administration the city flourished; he was promoted several times， eventually becoming Grand Secretary of Justice and， at age 56， Chief Minister of L Neighboring countries began to worry that Lu would become too powerful， and they sent messengers with gifts and dancers to distract the duke during a sacrifice When the duke abandoned his duties to receive the messengers， Confucius resigned and left the Confucius spent the next five years wandering China with his disciples， finding that his presence at royal courts was rarely tolerated for long before nobles would begin plotting to drive him out or have him He was arrested once and jailed for five days， and at 62 he was pursued， along with his disciples， into the countryside by a band of soldiers sent by jealous nobles， until he was able to send a messenger to the sympathetic king of a nearby country， who sent his own soldiers to rescue Once again， Confucius was to be given land but was denied it upon counsel of another high After further wanderings， he eventually returned to Lu at age Although he was welcomed there and chose to remain， he was not offered public office again， nor did he seek Instead he spent the rest of his years teaching and， finally， He died at 孔子(名秋 字仲尼)生于鲁国邹村在我国公元前551年， 元老废黜了一个贫苦家庭高贵 作为一个孩子，他认为地以为庙祭; 作为一个年轻的成年人，他很快赢得美誉公平、 礼貌、爱学习，他被誉为是相当高大 他走遍了研究和广泛的帝国首都周 据说他曾与交谈老子，道家创始人 返回卢，他赢得声威当老师，但是当他35岁 赵吕公爵率领乌加战争是落花流水逃往邻国齐; 在混乱的战斗后，孔子之后 杜克赵常找他请教，但他的一名律师在部长会议 他决定对孔子逐渐停止批地给他的律师求 当其他贵族开始密谋对付孔子地位杜克赵拒绝介入，孔子返鲁 但没有任何条件比以前更好、离退休孔子退隐专心教学和学习 50岁时，他遇见了男爵齐协防打击叛乱，但他拒绝 他后来被新县长作了一个城市格洛斯特路 而在他主政全市蓬勃开展; 升任几次，终于成为大政司司长， 年仅56岁，首席部长鲁 周边国家开始担心，将成为卢太强大 送信、送礼物、跳舞，他们分散在公爵牺牲假期 当公爵遗弃职务领取送信，孔子辞职，离开该国 未来5年内花费孔子与弟子中徘徊， 法院认定他出席皇家贵族很少容忍多久便开始密谋把他或他杀死 他被捕入狱后五天，他是在62追求，随着他的弟子， 到郊外一阶士兵发出嫉妒贵族， 直到他能够体谅国王派遣使者到邻近的国家， 当年送自己的士兵拯救 再次，孔子得到它的土地，但遭到拒绝后，高律师另一个大臣 进一步漫游后，他终于回到鲁年仅 虽然他并没有选择留欢迎，他没有向公职再次 他也不求 而他花了他多年的教学和休息，最后写作 他死在

Confucius:Chinese philosopher whose Analects contain a collection of his sayings and dialogues compiled by disciples after his 孔子：中国哲学家，其著作论语 包含了他生前的学说和他死后由其门徒编纂而成的言论

关于孔子的历史论文摘要英语

Kong Zi is a great thinker， statesman and educator of ancient China， the Confucian school， the theory has not only affected the development process of China for thousands of years， also profoundly affected the patterns of thought and behavior of each of the Chinese people， become the theoretical foundation of Oriental character and Profound Confucian culture represented by Kong Zi created， constitute the mainstream and the foundation of Chinese traditional culture， today is still in social life play a significant positive He advocated kindheartedness， emphasized by the ritual music system support interpersonal harmony， harmony， building a harmonious society this is modern social In the modern Confucius culture is still very The creation of Kong Zi culture festival held in and around the Kong Zi Institute have allowed Kong Zi to continue to improve the cultural influence is not 译文：孔子是中国古代伟大的思想家、政治家、教育家，儒家学派创始人，其学说不仅影响了中国几千年的发展进程，还深刻地影响著每一个中国人的思想和行为模式，成为东方人品格和心理的理论基础。以孔子为代表创立的儒家文化博大精深，构成了中华民族传统文化的主流和基础，时至今日仍在社会生活中发挥着巨大的积极作用。 他倡导仁爱，强调以礼乐制度支持的人际和谐，以和为贵，这也是现代社会构建和谐社会的思想。 在现代孔子文化依然很流行。孔子文化节的举办和各地孔子学院的创建都使孔子文化的影响力不断不提高 生词多吗？望采纳！很辛苦的。

Confucius was a Chinese thinker and social philosopher， whose teachings and philosophy have deeply influenced Chinese， Korean， Japanese， and Vietnamese thought and His philosophy emphasized personal and governmental morality， correctness of social relationships， justice and These values gained prominence in China over other doctrines， such as Legalism (法家) or Taoism (道家) during the Han DConfucius' thoughts have been developed into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism (儒家) It was introduced to Europe by the Jesuit Matteo Ricci， who was the first to Latinise the name as "C"His teachings may be found in the Analects of Confucius (论语)， a collection of "brief aphoristic fragments"， which was compiled many years after his Modern historians do not believe that any specific documents can be said to have been written by Confucius， but for nearly 2，000 years he was thought to be the editor or author of all the Five Classics such as the Classic of Rites (editor)， and the Spring and Autumn Annals (春秋)

Confucius was a great thinker and educator in Chinese He was the founder of Confucianism and was respectfully referred to as an ancient "sage" His words and life story were recorded in The A An enduring classic of ancient Chinese culture， The Analects has had a great influence on the thinkers， writers， and statesmen that came after C Without studying this book， one could hardly truly understand the thousands-of-years' traditional Chinese Much of Confucius' thought， especially his thought on education， has had a profound influence on Chinese In the 21st century， Confucian thought not only retains the attention of the Chinese， but it also wins an increasing attention from the international

confucius Confuius's given name is Qiu， also styled Z He was born in QuFu， China， 551 BC， and died in 479 BC Confucius founded confuciansism--the famous philosophical school in the history of C The kernel of his thought is Ren(benevolence)， its form of expression is Li(the Rites) Confucius travlled from one state to another preaching his doctrines until he was He spent his last years in compiling and His works include Book of Spring and Autumn， Book of Odes， Book of History， Book of Rites， Book of Music and Book of These six books regarded as the classical works of Confucianism have been handed down to the present He founded the first private school in Chinese He was the teacher of 3，000 disciples among whom 72 were S His major sayings were written down in Lun Yu (The Analects)， one of the Four B Confucius lived in the late Spring and Autumn period(770-476 BC) In his last years he lived in relative poverty and no longer enjoyed great But after his death， his thought continued to influence the Chinese people for over 2，500 His doctrine on morality and ethics has had a great effect on their ideology， strenthening the unity of the nation and making it known to the world for its courteous dealing and solemn Confucius said， "Let there be three men walking together: from the nmuber I should be sure to find my " "To make accomplishment you must help others to be accomplished " "Never be satiated with you knowledge and never be tired of " Today， these philosophical sayings are still shining In the long span of the Chinese history， the descendants of the Yellow Emperor have been righteously proud of the existence of the outstanding C The influence of the great thinker and educator has now exceeded the national boundary and spread to other parts of the It is our earnest hope that through more understanding of Confcius and the bridge of friendship and cultural exchange， we can make the world filled with more love， justice and We wish also that we offspring of the Yellow Emperor， either in China or abroad， through better understanding of Confcius and academic research， will be more inspired with nationalism， and find a new way of making the past serve the present， and redouble our efforts for rejuvenation of C

关于孔子的历史论文摘要英语版

Confucius (born Kong Qiu， styled Zhong Ni) was born in the village of Zou in the country of Lu in 551 BC， a poor descendant of a deposed noble As a child， he held make-believe temple rituals; as a young adult， he quickly earned a reputation for fairness， politeness and love of learning， and he was reputed to be quite He traveled extensively and studied at the imperial capital， Zhou， where he is said to have met and spoke with Lao Zi， the founder of D Upon his return to Lu， he gained renown as a teacher， but when he was 35， Duke Zhao of Lu led his country to war， was routed and fled to the neighboring country of Qi; in the disorder following the battle， Confucius Duke Zhao frequently came to him for advice， but upon counsel of one of his ministers， he decided against granting land to Confucius and gradually stopped seeking his When other nobles began plotting against Confucius' position， Duke Zhao refused to intervene， and Confucius returned to L But conditions there were no better than before， and Confucius retired from public life to concentrate on teaching and At age 50， he was approached by the Baron of Qi to help defend against a rebellion， but he He was later made a city magistrate by the new Duke of Lu， and under his administration the city flourished; he was promoted several times， eventually becoming Grand Secretary of Justice and， at age 56， Chief Minister of L Neighboring countries began to worry that Lu would become too powerful， and they sent messengers with gifts and dancers to distract the duke during a sacrifice When the duke abandoned his duties to receive the messengers， Confucius resigned and left the Confucius spent the next five years wandering China with his disciples， finding that his presence at royal courts was rarely tolerated for long before nobles would begin plotting to drive him out or have him He was arrested once and jailed for five days， and at 62 he was pursued， along with his disciples， into the countryside by a band of soldiers sent by jealous nobles， until he was able to send a messenger to the sympathetic king of a nearby country， who sent his own soldiers to rescue Once again， Confucius was to be given land but was denied it upon counsel of another high After further wanderings， he eventually returned to Lu at age Although he was welcomed there and chose to remain， he was not offered public office again， nor did he seek Instead he spent the rest of his years teaching and， finally， He died at 孔子(名秋 字仲尼)生于鲁国邹村在我国公元前551年， 元老废黜了一个贫苦家庭高贵 作为一个孩子，他认为地以为庙祭; 作为一个年轻的成年人，他很快赢得美誉公平、 礼貌、爱学习，他被誉为是相当高大 他走遍了研究和广泛的帝国首都周 据说他曾与交谈老子，道家创始人 返回卢，他赢得声威当老师，但是当他35岁 赵吕公爵率领乌加战争是落花流水逃往邻国齐; 在混乱的战斗后，孔子之后 杜克赵常找他请教，但他的一名律师在部长会议 他决定对孔子逐渐停止批地给他的律师求 当其他贵族开始密谋对付孔子地位杜克赵拒绝介入，孔子返鲁 但没有任何条件比以前更好、离退休孔子退隐专心教学和学习 50岁时，他遇见了男爵齐协防打击叛乱，但他拒绝 他后来被新县长作了一个城市格洛斯特路 而在他主政全市蓬勃开展; 升任几次，终于成为大政司司长， 年仅56岁，首席部长鲁 周边国家开始担心，将成为卢太强大 送信、送礼物、跳舞，他们分散在公爵牺牲假期 当公爵遗弃职务领取送信，孔子辞职，离开该国 未来5年内花费孔子与弟子中徘徊， 法院认定他出席皇家贵族很少容忍多久便开始密谋把他或他杀死 他被捕入狱后五天，他是在62追求，随着他的弟子， 到郊外一阶士兵发出嫉妒贵族， 直到他能够体谅国王派遣使者到邻近的国家， 当年送自己的士兵拯救 再次，孔子得到它的土地，但遭到拒绝后，高律师另一个大臣 进一步漫游后，他终于回到鲁年仅 虽然他并没有选择留欢迎，他没有向公职再次 他也不求 而他花了他多年的教学和休息，最后写作 他死在

One of the most famous people in ancient China was a wise philosopher named Confucius (circa 551-479 BC) He sometimes went by the names Kong Zi though he was born - Kong Qiu - styled Zhong N He was born in the village of Zou in the country of L This chinese man was a well-known leader in philosophy and he also made many wise phrases and theories about the law， life， and the Philosophy is a kind of a system of ideas and thoughts that talk about the human's behavior， the rules that you should follow to make a successful life， and about the In other words， it's about thoughts and theories that teach other people lessons about principles， or rules， about life and it also teaches you a moral ( sort of like the morals that are at the end of a fable) Confucius is famous for his philosophy because he made many wise sayings in ancient China that helped many people learn about nature， the world， and the human He also helped the government and the emperor by teaching them lessons on how the emperor should rule his kingdom Confucius was born in a poor family in the year 551 BC， and he was born in the state of L His original name was K'ung Ch' His father， commander of a district in Lu， died three years after Confucius was born， leaving the family in poverty; but Confucius nevertheless received a fine He was married at the age of 19 and had one son and two He worked as a keeper of a Then he was a farm worker who took care of parks and farm When he was 20， he worked for the governor of his

关于孔子的历史论文摘要英语作文

孔子（前551～前479） 中国春秋后期思想家，教育家，儒家的创始人。名孔丘，字仲尼。鲁国人。 生平 先世为宋国贵族，因避内乱移居鲁国。父叔梁纥，母颜氏 。鲁襄公二十二年(前 551)生于鲁国陬邑( 今山东曲阜 )。鲁国是周公儿子伯禽的封地，素有礼乐之邦之称 。至春秋末，礼乐仍保持完好。鲁国根深蒂固的礼乐传统对孔子有深刻的影响。孔子幼时常以陈俎豆、设礼容为戏。早年丧父，家境中落，年轻时曾做过管粮仓、管放牧的小官。30余岁时开始授徒讲学。鲁昭公二十六年（ 前516），鲁国内乱，孔子不满季氏为首的三桓擅权 ，一度离鲁至齐 ，不久返回。开始整理诗、书、礼、乐，招收弟子日多，影响愈大。鲁定公九年（前501），出任中都宰，颇有政绩 。后升为司空和大司寇。定公十年齐鲁夹谷之会，孔子相礼，鲁国兵礼并用，收回被齐国侵占的郓、灌及龟阴之田。定公十三年，孔子为维护公室，建议毁季孙氏、叔孙氏、孟孙氏等三家都邑，季孙氏、叔孙氏的邱、费被毁后，孟孙氏以武力对抗，孔子计划失败。以后鲁国政局有变，孔子见理想难以实现，遂带领弟子离开鲁国 ，开始了周游列国的飘泊生涯 ，时孔子55岁。孔子14年中先后到过卫、陈、宋、蔡、楚等国，向各诸侯宣传自己的政治主张，但均不见用 。鲁哀公十一年（ 前484)，季康子以币迎孔子，孔子归鲁，时年68岁。鲁哀公和季康子虽常向孔子问政，但终不起用。孔子晚年致力于教育，整理《诗》、《书》等古代典籍，删修《春秋》。其学生将其思想言行记载在《论语》中。 孔子画像 哲学思想 孔子所处春秋时代是奴隶制社会向封建制社会转变的时期，孔子思想中充满新与旧的矛盾，反映了大变动时代的精神风貌。 天命鬼神观 孔子继承了传统的天命鬼神观，视天为万有的主宰和人格神，认为天命主宰着人的生死，也决定着社会的治乱。他主张“君子有三畏：畏天命、畏大人、畏圣人言”，“不知命，无以为君子也”。但同时他又否定周时盛行的占卜活动，提出“ 天何言哉 ，四时行焉 ，五谷生焉”，认为天命就蕴含在自然事物的运行之中。所以他主张“敬鬼神而远之，可谓知矣 ”。《论语》记载孔子“不语怪 、力、乱、神”，并且说“未知生，焉知死”，“未能事人，焉能事鬼”，回避了关于人死后是否变鬼的问题。 《孔子杏坛讲学图》 仁与礼的学说 礼原为中国奴隶社会的典章制度，春秋时“礼崩乐坏” ，礼已名存实亡 。孔子注重社会伦理问题，把礼看成是维护等级制度的重要手段，是区别华、夷的标志。他谴责破坏周礼的行为，对鲁国季氏窃用天子之礼，“八佾舞于庭”极为愤慨，说“是可忍，孰不可忍也”。孔子主张“正名”，试图用周礼的形式去匡正已经产生变化的社会现实，要求人们“克己复礼”。但是，在不违背周礼的基本原则的前提下，孔子同意结合时代的变化对周礼的具体内容有所损益。仁这一概念在春秋时已广泛使用，孔子赋予了它以新的涵义，使其成为中国哲学史上最重要的范畴之一。《论语》记载：“樊迟问仁 ，子曰 ：爱人。”孔子又对子贡说：“夫仁者，己欲立而立人，己欲达而达人。”他认为仁就是推己达人的忠恕之道。孔子仁的思想主要内容包括成为“圣人”和“仁人”的道德理想，认为“仁”具有最高的道德价值，“志士仁人，无求生以害仁，有杀生以成仁”。他重视道德修养，强调自身的努力，即“为仁由己”，“仁远乎哉？我欲仁，斯仁至矣”。要求人们“志于道，据于德，依于仁，游于艺”。他提出了一系列修养方法，如反求诸己；一日三省等 。孔子的仁还包含着爱惜劳动者的思想 ，如仲弓问仁，孔子曰：“出门如见大宾，使民如承大祭。”子张问仁，孔子曰：“能行五者于天下 ，为仁矣。”此“五者”即“ 恭、宽、信、敏、惠”。孔子的“宽”、“惠”表现在统治方法上就是要行“ 德政 ”。所谓德政包括两个相互联系的方面，即在经济上实行惠民政策，政治上宽刑罚而重教化。经济上惠民就是要使民“足食” ，《论语》记载孔子“所重 ：民、食、丧、祭”，主张“因民所利而利之”。政治上宽民就是要反对“不教而杀”的苛政，孔子主张对人民要“道之以德，齐之以理”，反对“道之以政，齐之以刑”，认为只有这样才能培养人民的道德观念，促使人民自觉遵守社会规范。为了行德政，孔子还提出了“举贤才”的政治主张 。《论语》记载仲弓问政，子曰：“先有司，赦小过，举贤才。”他认为还必须考虑到民意，“举直错诸枉，则民服；举枉错诸直，则民不服”。 中庸之道 中庸之道是孔子立身行事的最高标准，他说：“中庸之为德也，其至矣乎，民鲜久矣。”他主张处理事务时，既不能过，又不能不及，认为“过犹不及”。孔子主张恪守“中道”，如《 论语 》记载，孔子提出“质胜文则野，文胜质则史”，“ 文质彬彬，然后君子 ” ；主张“ 德刑并用 ”，“ 宽猛相济 ”；对学生，性格过于进取的加以遏制，对于谦退的加以鼓励。孔子反对过激的言行，但同时也反对不讲原则，“同乎流俗，合乎污世，居之似忠信，行之似廉洁，众皆悦之，自以为是”的“乡愿”行为，称“乡愿，德之贼也”。 知识论 孔子就知识的来源和对知识的态度把人分为四等：“生而知之者，上也；学而知之者，次也；困而学之者，又其次也；困而不学，民斯为下矣。”他虽承认有“生而知之”的圣人，但他所强调的是后天学习，着眼于“学而知之”和“困而学之”的中等人。孔子一生学而不厌，主张“三人行，必有我师焉”，“多闻阙疑”、“多见阙殆”。他还讨论了学与思的关系，认为“学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆”，提倡勤于学习，善于思考，举一反三，闻一知十，触类旁通。孔子主张学以致用，他说：“诵诗三百 ，授之以政 ，不达，使于四方，不能专对，虽多，亦奚以为？”他反对知而不行或“言而过其行”的人。 《孔子周游列国图》 逻辑思想 孔子是中国古代逻辑思想的启蒙者，他提出了“正名”主张，虽然主要是为了实现政治和伦理方面的名分等级制度，但包含了逻辑证明的初步意识。孔子认为言有赖于名，名不正则言不顺。从正名的需要出发，孔子还强调推理在认识中的作用，提出同类可以相推的原则。 美学思想 孔子是中国古代美学的奠基人，孔子的美学思想也建立在他的仁学基础上，他认为要使“仁”的原则得到实现，就要唤起人们自觉行仁的要求。他力图发挥文艺的特殊社会作用，陶冶人们的伦理道德感情，把文艺作为唤起人们自觉行仁 ，建立和谐的社会关系的重 要 手段 ，他提出“兴于《诗》、立于礼、成于乐”的思想，力求使人们对行仁不但“知之”、“好之”而且“乐之”。在美与善的关系上，他主张“尽善”、“尽美”，认为最高的道德境界和审美 境界是同一的 。孔子还要求“ 美 ”和文艺必须绝对服从“礼”，为维护礼服务。 教育思想 孔子是中国历史上首创私人讲学的教育家。传说他有弟子三千，贤人七十。他主张“有教无类”，学生中不少人出身低贱，许多过去无权受教育的平民子弟得以受教育。孔子把培养为统治阶级服务的知识分子作为教育的目的，认为“学而优则仕”，“学也，禄在其中矣”，故而以“文行忠信”作为教育的主要内容，排斥生产知识和劳动技能的教育。他注重道德培养，主张治学要先立人，提出了一整套以道德培养为核心的教育思想 ，提倡“ 学而时习之”，“温故而知新”。他注重言传身教，提倡“知之为知之，不知为不知”的老实态度，要求自己“学而不厌，诲人不倦”。在教学中他讲究教育方法，注重启发 、诱导 ，“不愤不启，不悱不发”，注意有的放矢，因材施教。他是中国历史上影响最深远的第一位教育家。 孔子墓（山东曲阜孔林） 历史地位 孔子的学说博大精深，虽具有一些传统的保守的思想因素，但其主流在当时是有利于社会进步的。所以在战国时代得到了进一步的发展，成为先秦显学之一。但由于历史的原因，汉以前并未受到统治者的特别重视。汉代以后，建立起中央集权的封建统治，孔子的思想适合统治阶级的需要，所以受到重视。汉武帝采纳董仲舒的对策，“罢黜百家，独尊儒术”，正式确立了孔子及其学说在中国思想界的统治。以后，历代统治者进一步采取了神化孔子，提倡儒学的措施，巩固了孔子的至尊地位。孔子的思想对中国封建社会的哲学、文学、艺术、教育、史学等产生了巨大的影响，作为中国传统文化的杰出代表，这种影响波及到东亚乃至全世界 。但在漫长的封建社会中 ，统治阶级出于自身的需要，片面发展了孔子思想中的保守方面，束缚了人们的思想。五四运动以后 ，孔子 思想 的保守性受到了进步思想家的批判。中国的一些学者，包括马克思主义的哲学、史学工作者，对孔子及其思想作了系统的研究和评价，取得了很大成就。孔子思想学说主要汇集在孔子弟子撰写的《论语》中，《左传》和《史记·孔子世家》亦有有关孔子言行的记载。很全了，自己翻译吧！！！

In other words， it's about thoughts and theories that teach other people lessons about principles， or rules， about life and it also teaches you a moral ( sort of like the morals that are at the end of a fable) Confucius is famous for his philosophy because he made many wise sayings in ancient China that helped many people learn about nature， the world， and the human He also helped the government and the emperor by teaching them lessons on how the emperor should rule his kingdom Confucius was born in a poor family in the year 551 BC， and he was born in the state of L His original name was K'ung Ch' His father， commander of a district in Lu， died three years after Confucius was born， leaving the family in poverty; but Confucius nevertheless received a fine He was married at the age of 19 and had one son and two

介绍：孔子（公元前551年9月28日―公元前479年4月11日） ，子姓，  孔氏，名丘，字仲尼，春秋末期鲁国陬邑（今山东曲阜）人，祖籍宋国栗邑（今河南夏邑），中国古代思想家、教育家，儒家学派创始人。他开创了私人讲学的风气，倡导仁、义、礼、智、信。孔子曾带领部分弟子周游列国前后达十三年，晚年修订六经即《诗》《书》《礼》《乐》《易》《春秋》。相传孔子曾问礼于老子，有弟子三千，其中贤人七十二。孔子去世后，其弟子及其再传弟子把孔子及其弟子的言行语录和思想记录下来，整理编成儒家经典《论语》。Introduction:Confucius (September 28， 551 BC - April 11， 479 BC)， Zi's surname， Confucius， Mingqiu， Zhongni， a member of Luguo Haoyi (now Qufu， Shandong Province) in the late Spring and Autumn Period， was born in Liyi，Song Dynasty (now Xiayi， Henan Province)， an ancient thinker， educator and founder of C He initiated the atmosphere of private lectures and advocated benevolence， righteousness， courtesy， wisdom and Confucius led some disciples around the world for thirteen In his later years， he revised the Six Classics: Poetry， Book， Ritual， Music， Yi， Spring and A According to legend，Confucius once asked etiquette to Lao Tzu， with disciples three thousand， among whom seventy-two were After the death of Confucius， his disciples and their reincarnated disciples recorded the words，deeds and thoughts of Confucius and his disciples and compiled them into the Confucian classic The Analects of C扩展资料人物生平贵族出身孔子的祖上是宋国栗邑（今河南夏邑）的贵族  ，先祖是商朝开国君主商汤。周初三监之乱后，为了安抚商朝的贵族及后裔，周公以周成王之命封商纣王的亲兄长微子启 于商丘建立宋国，奉殷商祀。微子启死后，其弟微仲即位，微仲是孔子的十五世祖。六世祖得孔氏，是为孔父嘉。孔父嘉是宋国大夫，曾为大司马，封地位于宋国栗邑，后来在宫廷内乱中被太宰华督所杀。孔父嘉子木金父，木金父生孔防叔，孔防叔的孙子叔梁纥就是孔子的父亲，叔梁纥为避宋国战乱逃到鲁国的陬邑（今山东曲阜）定居，其官职为陬邑大夫。 圣人降世叔梁纥的正妻施氏，生了九个女儿却没有一个儿子，小妾为他生了长子孟皮，孟皮有足疾，叔梁纥很不满意。于是叔梁纥请求颜氏让她三个女儿之中的一个立为妾，颜氏念叔梁年老且性情急躁，于是征求三个女儿的意见。长女和次女都不同意，只有小女儿颜徵在愿嫁叔梁纥。颜徵在时年不满二十岁，而叔梁纥已经六十六岁，年龄相差悬殊，两人为婚于礼不合，夫妻在尼山居住并且怀孕，故谓之“野合”。孔子在鲁襄公二十二年十月 [10]  （儒略历公元前551年；格里历公元前551年9月28日。关于孔子出生年月有两种记载，相差一年，一般依《史记·孔子世家》说。）申时于陬邑昌平乡诞生。Paul Mauriat's HistoryAristocracyConfucius'ancestors were aristocrats of Liyi in Song Dynasty (Xiayi in Henan Province today) His ancestors were Shang Tang，the founding monarch of Shang D  In order to appease the nobles and descendants of the Shang Dynasty after the three prison rebellions in the early Zhou Dynasty， the Duke of Zhou appointed King Zhou Chengwang to confer on Weiziqi， the elder brother of the Shang King， to establish the Song Dynasty in Shangqiu and worship the Yin Shang D After the death of the son， his brother Wei Zhong ascended the throne and Wei Zhong was Confucius's fifteen  The sixth generation was born by Kong's Confucius Father Jia was a doctor of the Song D He was once a master of the Song D He was feuded in Liyi of the Song DLater， he was killed by the superintendent Huadu in the court civil Father Confucius Jiazi Mu Jinfu， father Mu Jinfu， was born to Uncle Kong F Uncle Liang Wan， grandson of Uncle Kong Fang，was the father of C Uncle Liang Wan fled to Luyi (now Qufu， Shandong Province) to settle down in order to avoid the war of Song D His official post was Doctor WThe saints descended to the worldShu Liangwan's wife， Shi Shi， had nine daughters but no The concubine gave birth to his eldest son， Mengpi， who had foot Shu Liangwan was very So Shulianghe asked Yan to let one of her three daughters be a Yan was very old and impatient， so he asked for the advice of her three Both the eldest daughter and the second daughter Only the younger daughter， Yan Zheng， was willing to marry uncle LYan Zheng was under 20 years old at that time， while Shu Liangwan was 66 years There was a great difference in They were not married because of the incompatibility of The couple lived in Nishan and became  Confucius was in October [10] of the 22nd year of Luxiang Gong (551 BC in Julian calendar and 28 September 551 BCin Gregorian calendar) There are two kinds of records about Confucius'birth date， one year Generally speaking， according to the History of Confucius， Confucius F Shen was born in Pingxiang， C参考资料：百度百科-孔子

孔子的生平 One of the most famous people in ancient China was a wise philosopher named Confucius (circa 551-479 BC) He sometimes went by the names Kong Zi though he was born - Kong Qiu - styled Zhong N He was born in the village of Zou in the country of L This chinese man was a well-known leader in philosophy and he also made many wise phrases and theories about the law， life， and the Philosophy is a kind of a system of ideas and thoughts that talk about the human's behavior， the rules that you should follow to make a successful life， and about the In other words， it's about thoughts and theories that teach other people lessons about principles， or rules， about life and it also teaches you a moral ( sort of like the morals that are at the end of a fable) Confucius is famous for his philosophy because he made many wise sayings in ancient China that helped many people learn about nature， the world， and the human He also helped the government and the emperor by teaching them lessons on how the emperor should rule his kingdom Confucius was born in a poor family in the year 551 BC， and he was born in the state of L His original name was K'ung Ch' His father， commander of a district in Lu， died three years after Confucius was born， leaving the family in poverty; but Confucius nevertheless received a fine He was married at the age of 19 and had one son and two He worked as a keeper of a Then he was a farm worker who took care of parks and farm When he was 20， he worked for the governor of his