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学术论文摘要翻译成英文格式怎么办

发布时间:2024-07-09 05:02:49

学术论文摘要翻译成英文格式怎么办

原则上讲,中文摘要编写的注意事项都适用于英文摘要,摘要的内容主要是 ① 点明主题,解析文章的目的或意图; ② 介绍主要内容,使读者迅速了解文章或书籍的概貌; ③ 提出结论或建议,以供读者参考。但是,英语有其自己的表达方式、语言习惯,最主要的是中译英时往往造成所占篇幅较长,同样内容的一段文字,若用英文来描述,其占用的篇幅可能比中文多一倍。因此,撰写英文摘要更应注意简洁明了,力争用最短的篇幅提供最主要的信息。中英文摘要的一致性主要是指内容方面的一致性。对这个问题的认识存在两个误区,一是认为两个摘要的内容“差不多就行”,因此在英文摘要中随意删去中文摘要的重点内容,或随意增补中文摘要所未提及的内容,这样很容易造成文摘重心转移,甚至偏离主题。二是认为英文摘要是中文摘要的硬性对译,对中文摘要中的每一个字都不敢遗漏,这往往使英文摘要用词累赘、重复,显得拖沓、冗长。英文摘要应严格、全面的表达中文摘要的内容,不能随意增删,但这并不意味着一个字也不能改动,具体撰写方式应遵循英文语法修辞规则,符合英文专业术语规范,并照顾到英文的表达习惯。选择适当的时态和语态,是使摘要符合英文语法修辞规则的前提。通常情况下,摘要中谓语动词的时态和语态都不是通篇一律的,而应根据具体内容而有所变化,否则容易造成理解上的混乱。但这种变化又并非无章可循,其中存在着如下一些规律: 1) 英文摘要的时态。 英文摘要时态的运用以简练为佳,常用一般现在时、一般过去时,少用现在完成时、过去完成时,进行时态和其他复合时态基本不用。A 一般现在时。用于说明研究目的、叙述研究内容、描述结果、得出结论、提出建议或讨论等。例如: This study (investigation) is (conducted, undertaken) to… , The result shows (reveals) that… , It is found that… , The conclusions are… , The author suggests that… .涉及到公认事实、自然规律、永恒真理等,也要用一般现在时。B 一般过去时。用于叙述过去某一时刻(时段)的发现、某一研究过程(实验、观察、调查等过程)。例如: The techniques of questionnaire and interview were applied to study women customers' demand for cosmetics in January and August, 需要指出的是,用一般过去时描述的发现、现象,往往是尚不能确认为自然规律、永恒真理的,而只是当时如何如何;所描述的研究过程也明显带有过去时间的痕迹。C 现在完成时和过去完成时。完成时少用,但不是不用。现在完成时把过去发生的或过去已完成的事情与现在联系起来,而过去完成时可用来表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的事情,或在一个过去事情完成之前就已完成的另一过去行为。例如: Concrete has been studied for many Man has not yet learned to store the solar 2) 英文摘要的语态。 采用何种语态,既要考虑摘要的特点,又要满足表达的需要。一篇摘要很短,尽量不要随便混用,更不要在一个句子里混用。在多数情况下采用被动语态。采用被动语态的情况主要有:说明事实经过时,某件事是谁做的,无须一一证明;为强调动作承受者;有些情况必须用强调的事物做主语,例如: In this case, a greater accuracy in measuring distance might be 在某些情况下,特别是表达作者或有关专家的观点时,又常使用主动语态,其优点是鲜明有力。而且有时摘要中谓语动词采用主动语态有助于文字清晰、简洁及表达有力。例如: The author systematically introduces the history and development of the tissue culture of poplar 比 The history and development of the tissue culture of poplar are introduced systematically 语感要强。 3) 英文摘要的人称。 摘要的首句多用第三人称 This paper… 等开头,或采用更简洁的被动语态,一般不用第一人称。 4)遣词造句。 掌握一定的遣词造句技巧,简单、准确地表达作者的观点,减少读者的误解。A 用词力求简单,在表达同样意思时,尽量用短词代替长词,以常用词代替生僻词。但是当描述方法、步骤时,应该用狭义词代替广义词。例如,英文中有不少动词 do, run, get, take 等,虽简单常用,但其意义少则十几个,多则几十个,用这类词来描述研究过程,读者难免产生误解,甚至会不知所云,这就要求根据具体情况,选择意义相对明确的词诸如 perform, achieve 等,以便于读者理解。B 造句。尽量使用短句,长句容易造成语义不清;但要避免单调和重复。一是熟悉英文摘要的常用句型:尽管英文的句型种类繁多,丰富多彩,但摘要的常用句型却很有限,而且形成了一定的规律,大体可归纳为( 1 )表示研究目的,常用在摘要之首 In order to……This paper describes……The purpose of this study is…… ( 2 )表示研究的对象与方法 The curative effect/function] of certain drug was observed/studied… ( 3 )表示研究的结果: The result showed/It proved/The authors found that… ( 4 )表示结论、观点或建议: The authors suggest/conclude/consider that… 。 二是尽量采用 -ing 分词和 -ed 分词作定语,少用关系代词 which , who 等引导的定语从句。由于摘要的时态多采用一般过去时,使用关系代词引导的定语从句不但会使句式变得复杂,而且容易造成时态混乱(因为定语和它所修饰的主语、宾语之间有时存在一定的 “时间差”,而过去完成时、过去将来时等往往难以准确判定。采用 -ing 分词和 -ed 分词作定语,在简化语句的同时,还可以减少时态判定的失误。 5) 注意事项。 在英文摘要的写作过程中应避免一些常见的错误。 A 冠词。主要是定冠词 the 易被漏用。 the 用于表示整个群体、分类、时间、地名以外的独一无二的事物、形容词最高级等较易掌握,用于特指时常被漏用。这里有个原则,即当我们用 the 时,听者或读者已经确知我们所指的是什么。例如: The author designed a new The machine is operated with solar 由于现在缩略语越来越多,要注意区分 a 和 an ,如 an X B 数词。避免用阿拉伯数字作首词,如: Three hundred samples are collected… 中的 Three hundred 不要写成 C 单复数。一些名词单复数形式不易辨认,从而造成谓语形式出错。总之,多看英文文献,积累经验,摸索规律,提高英文写作水平,才能写好英文摘要。 英文摘要常见句型  1) This paper deals 2) This article focuses on the topics 3) This essay presents knowledge 4) This thesis 5) This thesis 6) This paper provides an overview 7) This paper elaborates on 8) This article gives an overview 9) This paper provides a method of 10) This paper 11) The writer of this paper 12) This paper strongly 13) This article 14) This paper tries to 15) This article covers the role of chemicals 16) This paper presents up to date information 17) This article not only but also 18) This paper includes discussions 19) This article and summarizes key 20) This paper introduces an applicable procedure to 21) This paper offers the latest information 22) This paper is devoted to examining the role 23) This paper addresses important topics 24) This paper expresses views 25) This paper reports the latest information on 26) This paper provides an analysis of 27) This paper gives an account of 28) The aim of this paper is to 29) The objective of this paper is to 30) The purpose of this article is to review/ prove/ show/ present/ develop/ generalize/ investigate 关键词关键词是反映文章最主要内容的术语,对文献检索有重要作用。关键词一般用名词,而且从标题或摘要中选取,每篇文章可选 3 ~ 8 个关键词,文章题名中的人名、地名也可作为关键词标出。应标注中英文关键词。中、英文关键词应一一对应。中文关键词前应冠以“关键词:”,英文关键词前冠以“ Key words :”作为标识。多个关键词之间应以分号分隔,以便于计算机自动切分。将关键词扩展成词组 / 短语,毋用单一词汇,而是在单一词汇基础上进行扩展,如:营销→网络营销→网络营销管理。切记避免关键字堆砌。

不说软件,就说人翻的。非生物类专业的让tb翻译,太坑了,后面找的北京译顶科技才搞定,一分钱一分货。

在2010版的word内就有这个功能。(选中要翻译的文字,点击鼠标右键弹出任务栏中就有“翻译”选项,点击“翻译”,选择英文翻译,再把光标置于要插入文本点点击插入就ok啦。另外还可以下载翻译小工具,直接进行翻译就搞定了。不过翻译软件的翻译往往不够准确,你需要再根据语法润色一下

关键词:Title of Thesis:Name of Institute: Pages:Graduation Time:(MM/YY)Degree Conferred:Student Name: Advisor Name:Abstract:Key words:

论文摘要翻译成英文格式怎么办

在2010版的word内就有这个功能。(选中要翻译的文字,点击鼠标右键弹出任务栏中就有“翻译”选项,点击“翻译”,选择英文翻译,再把光标置于要插入文本点点击插入就ok啦。另外还可以下载翻译小工具,直接进行翻译就搞定了。我帮你翻:The relationship between accounting regulation and tax law issues is a complex issue, market-oriented economic development in the course of the difference between the two will gradually have an adverse impact on economic development, how to better deal with the differences between the two has become China's economy reform process of the outstanding 。Differences in accounting standards and tax laws, and in the accounting and property tax measures taken by the different accounting and tax law, "the authenticity of the principle of" different, accounting "sound principle" and tax "payments to determine" the difference in accounting "importance of the principles "and tax" legal principle "and the accounting and tax 。differences on the" substance over form "understanding and implementation differen。Differences between accounting and tax accounting exist mainly due to the legislative goals and purposes of various tax, corporate accounting must adhere to the "accrual" basis, the enterprise must consider the International Accounting Standards, and economic Tax laws should be based on the provisions of this tax

在2010版的word内就有这个功能。(选中要翻译的文字,点击鼠标右键弹出任务栏中就有“翻译”选项,点击“翻译”,选择英文翻译,再把光标置于要插入文本点点击插入就ok啦。另外还可以下载翻译小工具,直接进行翻译就搞定了。我帮你翻: The relationship between accounting regulation and tax law issues is a complex issue, market-oriented economic development in the course of the difference between the two will gradually have an adverse impact on economic development, how to better deal with the differences between the two has become China's economy reform process of the outstanding 。Differences in accounting standards and tax laws, and in the accounting and property tax measures taken by the different accounting and tax law, "the authenticity of the principle of" different, accounting "sound principle" and tax "payments to determine" the difference in accounting "importance of the principles "and tax" legal principle "and the accounting and tax 。differences on the" substance over form "understanding and implementation differen。Differences between accounting and tax accounting exist mainly due to the legislative goals and purposes of various tax, corporate accounting must adhere to the "accrual" basis, the enterprise must consider the International Accounting Standards, and economic Tax laws should be based on the provisions of this tax

在2010版的word内就有这个功能。(选中要翻译的文字,点击鼠标右键弹出任务栏中就有“翻译”选项,点击“翻译”,选择英文翻译,再把光标置于要插入文本点点击插入就ok啦。另外还可以下载翻译小工具,直接进行翻译就搞定了。

论文摘要体现了论文的关键核心内容,是论文翻译的重要内容。在翻译科技论文时,我们可以适当地使用被动语态,使整个文章更加客观。被动语态的表达方式可以扩大句子的信息量,突出相关的概念。同时,要注意论文涉及的关键词翻译要准确、经得起推敲。

学术论文摘要翻译成英文怎么办

或者像大家说的网上免费的翻译平台,搜狗翻译、谷歌翻译这些也可以,但是免费的机器翻译的结果目前来说准确率还不是很高,你的是学术论文,建议还是找人工翻译比较好,我论文翻译找的是北京译顶科技,那边都是人工翻译

在2010版的word内就有这个功能。(选中要翻译的文字,点击鼠标右键弹出任务栏中就有“翻译”选项,点击“翻译”,选择英文翻译,再把光标置于要插入文本点点击插入就ok啦。另外还可以下载翻译小工具,直接进行翻译就搞定了。我帮你翻: The relationship between accounting regulation and tax law issues is a complex issue, market-oriented economic development in the course of the difference between the two will gradually have an adverse impact on economic development, how to better deal with the differences between the two has become China's economy reform process of the outstanding 。Differences in accounting standards and tax laws, and in the accounting and property tax measures taken by the different accounting and tax law, "the authenticity of the principle of" different, accounting "sound principle" and tax "payments to determine" the difference in accounting "importance of the principles "and tax" legal principle "and the accounting and tax 。differences on the" substance over form "understanding and implementation differen。Differences between accounting and tax accounting exist mainly due to the legislative goals and purposes of various tax, corporate accounting must adhere to the "accrual" basis, the enterprise must consider the International Accounting Standards, and economic Tax laws should be based on the provisions of this tax

可以使用百度翻译,将所需要翻译的中文输入进去,翻译成中文。可以使用金山词霸软件进行翻译。可以直接百度有带中英文的论文摘要,就不需要再翻译了。In this paper, ordinary differential equations courses, to explore how to realize "high-early binding", and mathematics in secondary schools in the basis of ordinary differential equations, as well as ordinary differential equations of the guiding role of mathematics in secondary schools to do some discussion, for systems of ordinary differential equations of high under the mathematical point of view to provide some secondary Key words, Ordinary Differential Equations; School Mathematics; combination of high early论文摘要是对论文的内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述,要求扼要地说明研究工作的目的、研究方法和最终结论等,重点是结论,是一篇具有独立性和完整性的短文,根据内容的不同,摘要可分为以下三大类:报道性摘要、指示性摘要和报道指示性摘要。中文名论文摘要外文名abstract字 数一般为正文字数10%左右语 言一般中文与英文并存主要组成目的 方法 结果 结论

(1)选中文档全部内容,单击“工具→语言→翻译”命令,在编辑窗口右边打开“信息检索”任务窗格。 (2)在“翻译一个单词或句子”栏下,将“确认”框中的选项设置为“中文(中国)”;将“翻译为”框中的选项设置为“英语(美国)”,然后单击“翻译选项”按钮,即可进入如图2-24所示的浏览器中。(3)在该浏览器中已经将文档的全部内容翻译成英文。新建一个文档,将浏览器中的内容复制到该文档中,并保存。 使用在线翻译网站或专业的翻译软件翻译后都会存在少量的错误, 需进行修改。Word中将中文文档翻译成英文文档的方法由华彩软件站为您最新收集整理,版权归原作者或公司所有。如有侵权,请与我们联系删除。

论文的摘要翻译成英文格式怎么办

关键词:Title of Thesis:Name of Institute: Pages:Graduation Time:(MM/YY)Degree Conferred:Student Name: Advisor Name:Abstract:Key words:

在2010版的word内就有这个功能。(选中要翻译的文字,点击鼠标右键弹出任务栏中就有“翻译”选项,点击“翻译”,选择英文翻译,再把光标置于要插入文本点点击插入就ok啦。另外还可以下载翻译小工具,直接进行翻译就搞定了。我帮你翻:The relationship between accounting regulation and tax law issues is a complex issue, market-oriented economic development in the course of the difference between the two will gradually have an adverse impact on economic development, how to better deal with the differences between the two has become China's economy reform process of the outstanding 。Differences in accounting standards and tax laws, and in the accounting and property tax measures taken by the different accounting and tax law, "the authenticity of the principle of" different, accounting "sound principle" and tax "payments to determine" the difference in accounting "importance of the principles "and tax" legal principle "and the accounting and tax 。differences on the" substance over form "understanding and implementation differen。Differences between accounting and tax accounting exist mainly due to the legislative goals and purposes of various tax, corporate accounting must adhere to the "accrual" basis, the enterprise must consider the International Accounting Standards, and economic Tax laws should be based on the provisions of this tax

原则上讲,中文摘要编写的注意事项都适用于英文摘要,摘要的内容主要是 ① 点明主题,解析文章的目的或意图; ② 介绍主要内容,使读者迅速了解文章或书籍的概貌; ③ 提出结论或建议,以供读者参考。但是,英语有其自己的表达方式、语言习惯,最主要的是中译英时往往造成所占篇幅较长,同样内容的一段文字,若用英文来描述,其占用的篇幅可能比中文多一倍。因此,撰写英文摘要更应注意简洁明了,力争用最短的篇幅提供最主要的信息。中英文摘要的一致性主要是指内容方面的一致性。对这个问题的认识存在两个误区,一是认为两个摘要的内容“差不多就行”,因此在英文摘要中随意删去中文摘要的重点内容,或随意增补中文摘要所未提及的内容,这样很容易造成文摘重心转移,甚至偏离主题。二是认为英文摘要是中文摘要的硬性对译,对中文摘要中的每一个字都不敢遗漏,这往往使英文摘要用词累赘、重复,显得拖沓、冗长。英文摘要应严格、全面的表达中文摘要的内容,不能随意增删,但这并不意味着一个字也不能改动,具体撰写方式应遵循英文语法修辞规则,符合英文专业术语规范,并照顾到英文的表达习惯。选择适当的时态和语态,是使摘要符合英文语法修辞规则的前提。通常情况下,摘要中谓语动词的时态和语态都不是通篇一律的,而应根据具体内容而有所变化,否则容易造成理解上的混乱。但这种变化又并非无章可循,其中存在着如下一些规律: 1) 英文摘要的时态。 英文摘要时态的运用以简练为佳,常用一般现在时、一般过去时,少用现在完成时、过去完成时,进行时态和其他复合时态基本不用。A 一般现在时。用于说明研究目的、叙述研究内容、描述结果、得出结论、提出建议或讨论等。例如: This study (investigation) is (conducted, undertaken) to… , The result shows (reveals) that… , It is found that… , The conclusions are… , The author suggests that… .涉及到公认事实、自然规律、永恒真理等,也要用一般现在时。B 一般过去时。用于叙述过去某一时刻(时段)的发现、某一研究过程(实验、观察、调查等过程)。例如: The techniques of questionnaire and interview were applied to study women customers' demand for cosmetics in January and August, 需要指出的是,用一般过去时描述的发现、现象,往往是尚不能确认为自然规律、永恒真理的,而只是当时如何如何;所描述的研究过程也明显带有过去时间的痕迹。C 现在完成时和过去完成时。完成时少用,但不是不用。现在完成时把过去发生的或过去已完成的事情与现在联系起来,而过去完成时可用来表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的事情,或在一个过去事情完成之前就已完成的另一过去行为。例如: Concrete has been studied for many Man has not yet learned to store the solar 2) 英文摘要的语态。 采用何种语态,既要考虑摘要的特点,又要满足表达的需要。一篇摘要很短,尽量不要随便混用,更不要在一个句子里混用。在多数情况下采用被动语态。采用被动语态的情况主要有:说明事实经过时,某件事是谁做的,无须一一证明;为强调动作承受者;有些情况必须用强调的事物做主语,例如: In this case, a greater accuracy in measuring distance might be 在某些情况下,特别是表达作者或有关专家的观点时,又常使用主动语态,其优点是鲜明有力。而且有时摘要中谓语动词采用主动语态有助于文字清晰、简洁及表达有力。例如: The author systematically introduces the history and development of the tissue culture of poplar 比 The history and development of the tissue culture of poplar are introduced systematically 语感要强。 3) 英文摘要的人称。 摘要的首句多用第三人称 This paper… 等开头,或采用更简洁的被动语态,一般不用第一人称。 4)遣词造句。 掌握一定的遣词造句技巧,简单、准确地表达作者的观点,减少读者的误解。A 用词力求简单,在表达同样意思时,尽量用短词代替长词,以常用词代替生僻词。但是当描述方法、步骤时,应该用狭义词代替广义词。例如,英文中有不少动词 do, run, get, take 等,虽简单常用,但其意义少则十几个,多则几十个,用这类词来描述研究过程,读者难免产生误解,甚至会不知所云,这就要求根据具体情况,选择意义相对明确的词诸如 perform, achieve 等,以便于读者理解。B 造句。尽量使用短句,长句容易造成语义不清;但要避免单调和重复。一是熟悉英文摘要的常用句型:尽管英文的句型种类繁多,丰富多彩,但摘要的常用句型却很有限,而且形成了一定的规律,大体可归纳为( 1 )表示研究目的,常用在摘要之首 In order to……This paper describes……The purpose of this study is…… ( 2 )表示研究的对象与方法 The curative effect/function] of certain drug was observed/studied… ( 3 )表示研究的结果: The result showed/It proved/The authors found that… ( 4 )表示结论、观点或建议: The authors suggest/conclude/consider that… 。 二是尽量采用 -ing 分词和 -ed 分词作定语,少用关系代词 which , who 等引导的定语从句。由于摘要的时态多采用一般过去时,使用关系代词引导的定语从句不但会使句式变得复杂,而且容易造成时态混乱(因为定语和它所修饰的主语、宾语之间有时存在一定的 “时间差”,而过去完成时、过去将来时等往往难以准确判定。采用 -ing 分词和 -ed 分词作定语,在简化语句的同时,还可以减少时态判定的失误。 5) 注意事项。 在英文摘要的写作过程中应避免一些常见的错误。 A 冠词。主要是定冠词 the 易被漏用。 the 用于表示整个群体、分类、时间、地名以外的独一无二的事物、形容词最高级等较易掌握,用于特指时常被漏用。这里有个原则,即当我们用 the 时,听者或读者已经确知我们所指的是什么。例如: The author designed a new The machine is operated with solar 由于现在缩略语越来越多,要注意区分 a 和 an ,如 an X B 数词。避免用阿拉伯数字作首词,如: Three hundred samples are collected… 中的 Three hundred 不要写成 C 单复数。一些名词单复数形式不易辨认,从而造成谓语形式出错。总之,多看英文文献,积累经验,摸索规律,提高英文写作水平,才能写好英文摘要。 英文摘要常见句型  1) This paper deals 2) This article focuses on the topics 3) This essay presents knowledge 4) This thesis 5) This thesis 6) This paper provides an overview 7) This paper elaborates on 8) This article gives an overview 9) This paper provides a method of 10) This paper 11) The writer of this paper 12) This paper strongly 13) This article 14) This paper tries to 15) This article covers the role of chemicals 16) This paper presents up to date information 17) This article not only but also 18) This paper includes discussions 19) This article and summarizes key 20) This paper introduces an applicable procedure to 21) This paper offers the latest information 22) This paper is devoted to examining the role 23) This paper addresses important topics 24) This paper expresses views 25) This paper reports the latest information on 26) This paper provides an analysis of 27) This paper gives an account of 28) The aim of this paper is to 29) The objective of this paper is to 30) The purpose of this article is to review/ prove/ show/ present/ develop/ generalize/ investigate 关键词关键词是反映文章最主要内容的术语,对文献检索有重要作用。关键词一般用名词,而且从标题或摘要中选取,每篇文章可选 3 ~ 8 个关键词,文章题名中的人名、地名也可作为关键词标出。应标注中英文关键词。中、英文关键词应一一对应。中文关键词前应冠以“关键词:”,英文关键词前冠以“ Key words :”作为标识。多个关键词之间应以分号分隔,以便于计算机自动切分。将关键词扩展成词组 / 短语,毋用单一词汇,而是在单一词汇基础上进行扩展,如:营销→网络营销→网络营销管理。切记避免关键字堆砌。

写论文摘要时以一般现在时为主。介绍背景知识时,要用一般现在时,例如:Speech recognition is the task of converting speech into 叙述研究现状时,也可以用一般现在时,例如:This essay is to analyse how the era influences corporate cultures, and to give suggestions on the building of corporate 叙述研究结果时,大多数用一般过去时,例如:Our text achieved the possibility

学术论文摘要翻译成英文格式

我在学姐的推荐下找到了翻译狗,他最大的优点就是PDF可以直接进行翻译,而且翻译出来的排版和原来的英文排版一致,无需排版方便校对,缺点就是大量翻译要收费,而且语法会有一些问题,后期需要修改,也可以直接找北京译顶科技翻译,人工肯定是比机翻好。

论文摘要体现了论文的关键核心内容,是论文翻译的重要内容。在翻译科技论文时,我们可以适当地使用被动语态,使整个文章更加客观。被动语态的表达方式可以扩大句子的信息量,突出相关的概念。同时,要注意论文涉及的关键词翻译要准确、经得起推敲。

在2010版的word内就有这个功能。(选中要翻译的文字,点击鼠标右键弹出任务栏中就有“翻译”选项,点击“翻译”,选择英文翻译,再把光标置于要插入文本点点击插入就ok啦。另外还可以下载翻译小工具,直接进行翻译就搞定了。我帮你翻:The relationship between accounting regulation and tax law issues is a complex issue, market-oriented economic development in the course of the difference between the two will gradually have an adverse impact on economic development, how to better deal with the differences between the two has become China's economy reform process of the outstanding 。Differences in accounting standards and tax laws, and in the accounting and property tax measures taken by the different accounting and tax law, "the authenticity of the principle of" different, accounting "sound principle" and tax "payments to determine" the difference in accounting "importance of the principles "and tax" legal principle "and the accounting and tax 。differences on the" substance over form "understanding and implementation differen。Differences between accounting and tax accounting exist mainly due to the legislative goals and purposes of various tax, corporate accounting must adhere to the "accrual" basis, the enterprise must consider the International Accounting Standards, and economic Tax laws should be based on the provisions of this tax

关键词:Title of Thesis:Name of Institute: Pages:Graduation Time:(MM/YY)Degree Conferred:Student Name: Advisor Name:Abstract:Key words:

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