文体与翻译论文中文5000字的意思
文体与翻译论文中文5000字的意思
Long before document-shredding became headline news, accountants found themselves under pressure to Over the past two decades, innovations in computer technology rendered many of the old-fashioned auditor's functions obsolete, prodding accountants to find other ways to bring in Companies' desire to produce ever-rosier results for an ever-larger and savvier shareholding public compelled accountants to find ways to put the best possible spin on clients' financial And then there was simple The industry had already shown it was In the early 1970s, a prominent accountant was linked to the Watergate The next decade, the savings-and-loan crisis raised questions about how accountants could have let things get so In recent years, partners' pay, largely determined by hourly billing rates, fell way behind that of accountants' investment-banking brethren, enriched by the rise of the stock-market culture of the '80s and ' Hiring consultants and having people sell their services to audit clients was a way to narrow the And ultimately the ancient profession sacrificed the public confidence that underpinned its The industry was formed as a vessel of trust, originating more than 10,000 years ago with stone counters in J In ancient Sumerian cities of the land that is now Iraq, bookkeepers documented wealth by pressing the ends of sticks into damp clay tablets that hardened into permanent Formal accounting was invented by a Franciscan friar named Luca Pacioli in 1494 in his paper "Summa de Arithmetica, Geometria, Proportioni et Proportionalita" ("Everything About Arithmetic, Geometry and Proportion")The treatise described double-entry bookkeeping -- that for every credit entered into a ledger there must be a debit, a concept created by Florentine merchants and hailed by Goethe as "one of the most beautiful discoveries of the human "Three traits shared by successful merchants, M Pacioli wrote, were access to cash, a constantly updated accounting system and a good His contemporary Christopher Columbus apparently knew that: On his voyage to the New World, he took a royal accountant to track his "swindle sheet when he started to figure the cost of gold and spices he would accumulate," according to Alistair Cooke's 1973 book "A"The craft changed little until the industrial revolution, when accounting advanced from pure recordkeeping to a means of Josiah Wedgwood, Charles Darwin's grandfather, kept his British pottery factory alive during the depression of 1772 through the innovation of cost accounting -- calculating the costs of materials and labor for each step of the manufacturing process, and then setting prices to ensure enough margin to remain By the mid-19th century, "accompants," as accountants were known, were flourishing in B The Cooper brothers, whose name lives on in PriceWaterhouse Coopers, ran a Dickensian operation of screeching supervisors lording over clerks toiling long hours for scant The industry followed European investments to the New World, and in 1887, 31 accountants formed the predecessor to the American Institute of Certified Public A A decade later, they created a standardized test, bestowing on a man named Frank Broaker the honor of becoming the first CPAIn the early 1930s, after the financial scandals of the '20s and the corporate failures of the Great Depression, the industry sought to formalize consistency, transparency and trust in the Already, in 1922, AICPA had banned its members from advertising, saying it wasn't The group also forbade accountants to poach each other's The profession got its own governing board and a manual called Generally Accepted Accounting Practices -- GAAP for The profession also won the responsibility for auditing public companies, though not without an intense congressional Accountants had become moral guardians -- an image reinforced in the public's imagination in the 1930s, when Price Waterhouse was enlisted by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to count ballots for the Academy AIn lieu of the hard sell, accountants networked at the country club and sat on the boards of nonprofit organizations and chambers of In the 1970s, the federal government, amid questions about some companies' accounting procedures, set up the Financial Accounting Standards Board to oversee But it soon also removed a lot of the restrictions that had prevented big firms from competing with each In the late 1970s, the Federal Trade Commission, concerned about anticompetitive practices, began pushing AICPA to allow accountants to By 1990, the group had lifted most restrictions on As the 1980s dawned, globalization and deregulation brought new To raise huge amounts of money, companies turned increasingly away from traditional bank loans and toward more-complex, and often riskier, forms of Executive pay became tied to performance, so clients had a personal stake in making sure their auditors squeezed out the best results they And now, in the year 2002, AA has been criminally charged with their document shredding It is anyone’s guess what is going to happen
应该少于5000字的,我中译英约莫280字中文-150字英文,但是想凑字数,翻译的方法可以不同字数会多些。
英文5000字相当于中文7500-10000字,具体字数取决于英译中时候的用词,比较啰嗦的字数就多,用词简约的字数就比较少。翻译一篇文章时,中文汉字字数与英文单词数的比例一般是5-2:1,就是说如果是5000单词的英文的话,中文应该至少在7500字以上。英译中翻译技巧:1、英译中首先要分清英文主从句,先处理从句,再处理主句。2、中文已知信息可不翻译,同理,也可适当添加背景信息。3、翻译时使用中文的四、六、八字句构成同义重复,从而增强语言张力。例如口若悬河、剑拔弩张之势、箭在弦上不得不发等。4、英译汉翻译动笔前先对全段或全篇做“心译”,标记出不确定的词语,动笔前还要牢记保持卷面干净整洁。5、有些英译中的难点在于知识面和专有名词,不属于技巧层面问题。所以要做好背景调查和了解,注意平常知识面的扩宽和积累。
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文体与翻译论文中文5000字
你是哪个省的啊 看看如果可以的话 可以给你一份全面的
这你的花人民币,别傻傻的在这里喊了
已经发了,你看看怎么样 ,可以在线给我留言
1、论文题目:要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。 2、目录:目录是论文中主要段落的简表。(短篇论文不必列目录) 3、提要:是文章主要内容的摘录,要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字,多不超过三百字为宜。 4、关键词或主题词:关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的,是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语,便于信息系统汇集,以供读者检索。 每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词,另起一行,排在“提要”的左下方。 主题词是经过规范化的词,在确定主题词时,要对论文进行主题,依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。 5、论文正文: (1)引言:引言又称前言、序言和导言,用在论文的开头。 引言一般要概括地写出作者意图,说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。 〈2)论文正文:正文是论文的主体,正文应包括论点、论据、 论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容: 提出-论点; 分析问题-论据和论证; 解决问题-论证与步骤; 结论。 6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料,列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页,标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。 中文:标题--作者--出版物信息(版地、版者、版期):作者--标题--出版物信息所列参考文献的要求是: (1)所列参考文献应是正式出版物,以便读者考证。 (2)所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。
文体与翻译论文中文5000字怎么写
Summary: facing the increasingly fierce market competition of modern The nature of competition in the market, I believe that it is the competition of So, how can a modern enterprise in the talent competition to gain advantage? in my view, its advantages and disadvantages of personnel management is one of the important reasons, this article from the analysis to understand characteristics of personnel management, the importance, there is a problem, management, risk management and analysis of several different aspects on how to do enterprise personnel management Keyword: personnel management, issues, features
摘要:面对日益激烈的市场竞争中,现代企业。competiti的性质在市场,我相信它是人才的竞争。所以,现代企业在人才竞争中获得优势地位?在我看来,它的优点和缺点的人事管理是重要原因之一,本文从分析来理解人的特点,重要人事管理,有一个问题,管理、风险管理
有一篇施工监控的论文,你查收一下吧,希望对你有用!
1、论文题目:要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。 2、目录:目录是论文中主要段落的简表。(短篇论文不必列目录) 3、提要:是文章主要内容的摘录,要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字,多不超过三百字为宜。 4、关键词或主题词:关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的,是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语,便于信息系统汇集,以供读者检索。 每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词,另起一行,排在“提要”的左下方。 主题词是经过规范化的词,在确定主题词时,要对论文进行主题,依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。 5、论文正文: (1)引言:引言又称前言、序言和导言,用在论文的开头。 引言一般要概括地写出作者意图,说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。 〈2)论文正文:正文是论文的主体,正文应包括论点、论据、 论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容: 提出-论点; 分析问题-论据和论证; 解决问题-论证与步骤; 结论。 6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料,列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页,标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。 中文:标题--作者--出版物信息(版地、版者、版期):作者--标题--出版物信息所列参考文献的要求是: (1)所列参考文献应是正式出版物,以便读者考证。 (2)所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。
隧道工程论文5000字加翻译意思
我也是土木的 我这里有很多啊 在把详细的说说我给你找个
你是哪个省的啊 看看如果可以的话 可以给你一份全面的
土木工程的英文是Civil Engineering ,直译是民用工程,它是建造各种工程的统称。它既指建设的对象,即建造在地上,地下,水中的工程设施,也指应用的材料设备和进行的勘测,设计施工,保养,维修等专业技术。土木工程随着人类社会的进步而发展,至今已经演变成为大型综合性的学科,它已经出许多分支,如:建筑工程,铁路工程,道路工程,桥梁工程,特种工程结构,给水排水工程,港口工程,水利工程,环境工程等学科。土木工程共有六个专业:建筑学,城市规划,土木工程,建筑环境与设备工程,给水排水工程和道路桥梁工程。土木工程作为一个重要的基础学科,有其重要的属性:综合性,社会性,实践性,统一性。土木工程为国民经济的发展和人民生活的改善提供了重要的物质技术基础,对众多产业的振兴发挥了促进作用,工程建设是形成固定资产的基本生产过程,因此,建筑业和房地产成为许多国家和地区的经济支柱之一。古代的土木工程有很长的时间跨度,大致从公元前500年新石器时代出现原始的土木工程活动到16世纪末意大利的文艺复兴,导致土木工程走上迅速发展的道路为止,前后经历了两千多年。在这段时间内,由于科学理论发展及其缓慢,土木工程也没有突破习惯的发展。从17世纪中页开始到20 世纪40年代第二次世界大战结束为止的300年间,国外的建筑取得了长足的进步。土木工程进入了定量分析阶段。一些理论的发展,新材料的出现,新工具的发明,都使土木工程科学日渐完善和成熟。到了近代,二战结束之后,许多国家经济起飞,现代科学日益进步,从而为进一步发展提供了强大的动力和物质基础。人们生活水平的不断提高,必然要求越来越舒适的居住环境,在这种情况下,建筑的发展直接推动了土木工程的发展。总的来说土木工程是一门古老的学科,它已经取得了巨大的成就,未来的土木工程将在人们的生活中占据更重要的地位。地球环境的日益恶化,人口的不断增加,人们为了争取生存,为了争取更舒适的生存环境,必将更加重视土木工程。在不久的将来,一些重大项目将会陆续兴建,插入云霄的摩天大楼,横跨大样的桥梁,更加方便的交通将不是梦想。科技的发展,以及地球不断恶化的环境必将促使土木工程向太空和海洋发展,为人类提供更广阔的生存空间。近年来,工程材料主要是钢筋,混凝土,木材和砖材,在未来,传统材料将得到改观,一些全新的更加适合建筑的材料将问世,尤其是化学合成材料将推动建筑走向更高点。同时,设计方法的精确化,设计工作的自动化,信息和智能话技术的全面引入,将会是人们有一个更加舒适的居住环境。一句话,理论的发展,新材料的出现,计算机的应用,高新技术的引入等都将使土木工程有一个新的飞跃English is the Civil Engineering Civil Engineering, civil engineering is literally, it is the construction of the project It means building objects that the construction on the ground, underground, water works facilities, equipment and materials to use in surveying, design construction, maintenance, repair and other professional Civil Engineering with the progress of the human society, has been transformed into large integrated disciplines, it has a number of branches, such as : construction, rail projects, road projects, bridge projects, special project structure, water drainage works, the port project, water, environmental engineering A total of six professional Civil Engineering : architecture, urban planning, civil engineering, construction and environmental engineering equipment, water drainage works and road bridge Civil Engineering as an important foundation subjects, its important attribute : an integrated, social, practicality, Civil Engineering for the development of the national economy and improve the living standards of the people provided important material and technological foundation for the revitalization of many industries played a catalytic role in the construction of fixed assets is a basic production process, the construction and real estate in many countries and regions become a pillar of the economyAncient Civil Engineering has a long time span, roughly 500 years before Christ from the original date in civil engineering activities to the 16 century Italian Renaissance, resulting in the rapid development of the Civil Engineering on the road today, and has experienced more than 2,000 During this period, due to the development of scientific theories and slow, there is no breakthrough in civil engineering Century from 17 pages to 40 years in the 20th century end of the Second World War 300 years, foreign construction made great Civil Engineering has entered a phase of quantitative Some theoretical development, the emergence of new materials, new tools of invention, the Civil Engineering Science is perfection and In modern times, after the end of World War II, many countries economic takeoff, the increasing advances of modern science, so as to provide a powerful impetus to further development and material People's living conditions continue to improve, more and more comfortable living environment for the inevitable in the circumstances, the construction of development directly to the Civil Engineering
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翻译论文的翻译方法是什么意思
翻译论文研究方法有哪些_论文研究方法有哪些文库_大学论文研究方法有哪几种写论文时具体使用的研究方法是什么调查法调查法是科研中最常用的方法之一。 是一种有目的、有计划、系统地收集研究对象现实情况和历史情况资料的方法。 调查方法是科研常用的基本研究方法,综合运用历史法、观察法等方法和对话、问卷调查、案例研究、测试等科学方式,规划、周密、系统地进行教学现象…… 论文翻译中常用的翻译方法是什么论文翻译中常用的翻译方法是根据英汉两种语言的不同思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时添加一些词、句子或句子,更加准确地表达原文中的含义汉语文学专业论文的研究方法是什么1、文献法文献法是一种古老而富有生命力的科学研究方法。 每个社会活动都想留下永久的痕迹,但各种各样的文献都不可或缺。 人的活动和认识的无限性与个人的生命和认识的有限性的矛盾决定了我们在研究死亡事实时必须依赖文献。 比较研究法作为一种思维方式,比较研究通晓教育研究的全部…… 论文中的研究方法翻译本文采用的研究方法主要是概念…… heresearchmethodofthistexthasadoptedmainlyincludes : conceptanalysismethod,evidence anal“本论文主要研究内容如下”如何翻译正确?您可以这样翻译theminstarerecontofthispareareasfollows或theminstocontofthisthesareasfollows论文中的研究方法翻译^_^theresereationmetofthisthethasedpatedmainlyincludes : conceptanalysismethod,evidence analysis method,comparison analysis method ww毕业论文的研究方法应该怎么写?研究思路、研究方法、技术路线和实施步骤1、研究如何确定研究课题科学研究是问题―问题―课题教学是研究(掌握方法很重要,否则不是研究)。 进步和成果增长。 教育科学研究的课题主要来自两个方面: a 实践的来源—客观存在或潜在的教育实际问题,教育教育实践本身存在的问题…… 英语论文开头报告的研究方法和手段如何翻译?你的开题报告有什么要求? 开题报告书需要多少字? 具体形式的要求是什么? 我希望你能帮助我。 顺利的开题报告主要包括以下几点。 (1)论文名称是课题名称的第一,名称必须正确规范。 正确地说,论文的名称必须明确论文研究的问题是什么、研究的对象是什么、论文是什么…… 英语专业论文、研究用语的翻译、研究方法是什么?研究方法Method这就够了英语毕业论文题目:从XX理论到散文翻译以XXX为例的文献综述是怎么写的?翻译方向的英语毕业论文可探讨某理论应用于英语翻译。 (选题越具体越好),但还是要注意一些问题: 1。 这个理论不太古老,可以表达你的新意2 例如从名家的翻译中选择,典型的3 请从这个理论本身开始:论述这个理论的提出和发展现状,并且重点研究翻译的起源,最后进行总结。 …是
论文翻译常用的翻译方法有:增译法指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义