计算机英语论文及翻译要求怎么写

计算机英语论文及翻译要求怎么写

海外英语杂志欢迎投稿，详情见我的空间

Computer network security and to guard againstAbstract: When mankind entered the 21st century information society， the network society of the time， China will establish a complete set of network security system， especially from the policy and law to establish China's own characteristics， network security Key words: computer; network; security; preventIn the information age， information can help groups or individuals so that they benefit from， the same information can also be used to pose a threat to them， caused Therefore network security， including the composition of network hardware， software and network transmission of information security， so that they do not because of accidental or malicious destruction of the attacks， network security not only the technical aspects， but also management issues， both complement each other， are First， the concept of computer network securityInternational Organization for Standardization of "computer security" is defined as: "To establish a data processing system and the adoption of technology and management of security protection， the protection of computer hardware， software， data is not due to accidental and malicious destruction of reasons， change and " The above definition of computer security includes physical security and logical security of both the contents of the contents of the logic of security could be understood as we often say that the information security， information refers to the confidentiality， integrity and availability of protection， and network security Information security is the meaning of the extension， that network security is a network of information confidentiality， integrity and availability Computer network security as the specific meaning of the user changes， the user is different on the network security awareness and requirements will be From the ordinary user's point of view， could only hope that personal privacy or confidential information transmission on the network be protected against eavesdropping， tampering and forgery; and network provider in addition to care about these network information security， we must also consider how to deal with sudden natural disasters， such as military strikes against the destruction of network hardware， as well as unusual in the network how to restore network communications， and maintain the continuity of network In essence， the network security， including the composition of network hardware， software and network transmission of information security， so that they do not because of accidental or malicious attacks on the destruction of both the technical aspects of network security issues， there are management issues， the two sides complement each other， are Man-made network intrusion and attacks makes network security is facing new Second， computer network security status quoComputer network security is the network hardware， software and data systems are protected from accidental or malicious destruction of reasons， alteration， disclosure， the system continuous， reliable， normal operation of network services without Computer and network technology has the complexity and diversity， makes computer and network security has become a need to continue to update and improve the At present， hackers method has been more than the type of computer virus， and many attacks are In the Internet network， because the Internet does not have the time and geographical constraints， whenever there is a means to generate new attacks， we can in a week around the world， these attacks means the use of network and system vulnerabilities to attack computer systems and resulting in network Worms， backdoor (Back-doors)， Rootkits， DOS (DenialofServices) and Sniffer (network monitor) is a familiar means of several hacker However， none of these attacks means they reflect the astonishing power of today become These types of attacks means the new variant， with previous attacks appeared methods， more intelligent， targeted against Internet-based protocols and operating system From the Web process control procedures to the kernel-level R Hackers practices escalating renovation， to the user's ability to guard against information security Third， computer network security precautions1， to strengthen the internal network management and the use of safety awareness among staff， many computer systems commonly used passwords to control access to system resources， which is anti-virus process， the most vulnerable and the most economical Network administrator and terminal operator privileges in accordance with their responsibilities， choose a different password for the application data legitimate operation， to prevent unauthorized users to access the data and the use of network On the network， software installation and management is crucial， it is not only related to network maintenance and management efficiency and quality， but also to the network A good antivirus software can be easily installed within minutes to the organization each NT server can also be downloaded and spread to all the purpose of the machine by the network administrator set up and manage to focus， it will work with the operating system and other security is closely linked to become a part of network security management， and automatically provide the best network virus defensive When the computer virus on-line resources applications attack， such as the virus exists in the information-sharing network of media， it is necessary to the security at the gateway， on the network front-end for 2， network firewall technologyIs a kind of used to strengthen the network access control to prevent the external network users to illegal means to enter the external network through the internal network， access internal network resources and protect the internal network operating environment special for Network Interconnection D It is between two or more networks such as packet transmission link in accordance with a certain degree of security strategy to implement the inspection， to determine whether the network communication between are allowed to， and monitor the network Although the firewall is to protect the network from an effective means of hacking， but there are obviously inadequate: through the firewall can not protect against outside attack other means， can not prevent defectors from the inside and inadvertent threats posed by users， but also can not completely prevent the transmission of the virus have been infected with the software or documents， and can not protect against data-driven 3， security encryption technologyEncryption technology for the global e-commerce to provide a guarantee， so that Internet-based electronic trading system has become possible， thus improving the symmetric encryption and asymmetric encryption technology is still the mainstream of the 21st Symmetric encryption to the conventional password-based technology， computing encryption and decryption operations use the same Asymmetric encryption， encryption key that is different from the decryption key， encryption keys are made public， anyone can use， only the decryption key to decrypt people 4， the network host operating system security and physical security measuresNetwork firewall as the first line of defense and can not fully protect the internal network， must be combined with other measures to improve the safety of the system After the firewall is based on the network host operating system security and physical security In accordance with the level from low to high， namely， the physical security of the host system， the core operating system security， system security， application services security and file system security; At the same time， host security checks and bug fixes， as well as a backup safety system as a supplementary safety These constitute the entire network system， the second line of defense， the main part of a breakthrough to prevent the firewall as well as attacks from System backup is the last line of defense network system， used to attack after the System R The firewall and host security measures is the overall system security by auditing， intrusion detection and response processor constitute the overall safety inspection and response It from the network system firewall， network host or even directly from the network link layer on the extraction of network status information， as input to the intrusion detection Intrusion Detection System in accordance with certain rules to determine whether there is any invasion of the incident， if the invasion occurred， the emergency treatment measures， and generate a warning Moreover， the system's security audit also can be used as the future consequences of aggressive behavior and to deal with security policy on the system to improve sources of In short， network security is a comprehensive issue， involving technology， management， use and many other aspects， including both its own information system security issues， there are physical and logical technical measures， a kind of technology can only solve the problem on the one hand， rather than a To this end the establishment of a network with Chinese characteristics， security system， the need for national policies and regulations to support and joint research and development Security and anti-security like two sides of contradictions， always pick-up， so the security industry is a future with the development of new technologies and the continuous development of References:[1] Huang Yi-qiang， et On the software development needs analysis phase of the main Quarterly Journal of Sun Yat-sen University， 2002 (01)[2] Hu D Computer LAN [M] Beijing: Tsinghua University Press， [3] Zhu Lisen， even S Computer Network Application Technology [M] Beijing: Patent Literature Publishing House， [4] Xie X Computer Networks (4th edition) [M] Beijing: Publishing House of Electronics Industry， [5]孙小刚， Han Dong， et Oriented software engineering， Visual C + + Network Programming [M] Beijing: Tsinghua University Press， 2004，仅供参考，请自借鉴。希望对您有帮助。补充：您可以随时找我，我会帮你翻译好发过去，随时欢迎您的咨询。

动画设计中消除图像闪烁的一种方法是使用多页动画。多页动画是通过使用页切换技术实现的。页切换改变显示页以绘制出给定动画序列的相邻帧。由于图像通常绘制在不同的页上(不是当前可见页)，用户不会看到图像被绘制或擦除。所以，这种技术能产生高质量的动画而没有图像闪烁。进行页切换的详细步骤如下。 选择一种至少有两个可用显示页的视频模式(示例中为EGA640×200，16色4页)。 使用-setvideomode()函数获取选择的视频模式。在当前显示页(0页)上绘制出序列中的第一帧。 在需要绘制出序列中下一帧时，使用-setactivepage()函数设置激活页为备用显示项，仅仅改变激活页(不是可见页)。 绘制出下一帧。此帧将被绘制在备用显示页(页1)上，而当前页(页0)继续被显示。在以后重复这一步时在绘制新的一帧前擦除掉已有的帧。 绘制出新的一帧以后，使用-setvisualpage()函数将可见页设置为备用页。此时，备用页成为当前页。 重复步骤3到5直到完成了动画序列为止。 以下程序(采用Visual C++)演示了实际的多页动画，例子中的动画序列读者自行设计。 #include #include LAST-FRAME) current-frame=2; PAGE-FLIP(page) px=px+DELTA-X; current-frame=1; PAGE-FLIP(page) draw-frame(frame，x，y) int frame，x，y; switch(frame) case 1: frame-1(DRAW，x，y); break; case 2: frame-2(DRAW，x，y); break; case 3: frame-3(DRAW，x，y); break; case 4: frame-4(DRAW，x，y); break; create-delay(td) /**同Borland C++中的delay(td)函数**/ int td; time-t ts1，ts2; ts2=ts1=clock(); while(ts1+td>ts2) ts2=clock(); Animation design to eliminate the flickering image is a way to the use of animated Animation pages through the use of technology to switch the Page switch to change the display page will be drawn to the animation sequence of adjacent As the image is usually drawn in a different page (not the current page can be seen)， the user will not see that image was erased or Therefore， this technology can produce high-quality animation and images do not Switch page for detailed steps are as Select a show that can be used at least two-page video mode (for example EGA640 × 200，16 color 4) Use-setvideomode () function to obtain the video mode of In the current show page (0)， to map out the sequence in the first The need to map out the sequence in the next frame， the use of-setactivepage () function to activate page set up for back-up show， just change the activation page (not visible) Mapping out the next This frame will be drawn in the back-up display page (Page 1)， and the current page (page 0) continue to be Repeat this step at a later date when the new map in a pre-cleaning to remove the existing Mapping out a new future， the use of-setvisualpage () function will be seen as a back-page settings At this point， has become the back-page Repeat steps 3-5 until the completion of the animated series so The following procedures (in Visual C + +) demonstration of the actual pages of the animation， examples of animation sequences designed by # include # include LAST-FRAME) current-frame = 2; PAGE-FLIP (page) px = px + DELTA-X; current-frame = 1; PAGE-FLIP (page) draw-frame (frame， x， y) int frame， x， y; switch (frame) case 1: frame-1 (DRAW， x， y); break; case 2: frame-2 (DRAW， x， y); break; case 3: frame-3 (DRAW， x， y); break; case 4: frame-4 (DRAW， x， y); break; create-delay (td) / ** Borland C + + with the delay (td) function ** / int td; time-t ts1， ts2; ts2 = ts1 = clock (); while (ts1 + td> ts2) ts2 = clock ();

如何在不影响课程进度的前提下，省时而又有效地开展培养同学们的口语能力的活动，我有以下几点体会： ①Say something about your bedroon/school… 在学完一至两个单元后，可抽出一节课专门让同学们谈一 谈自己的卧室、学校或教室等等，这一口语活动在初一第一学期就可以做。为了让更多的学生都能参加，在此 之前可先复习一下小学学过的there be 句型以及“介词短语＋be＋名词”结构和“介词短语＋you can see… ”结构。 这样做的好处是能有效让同学们根据这些句型轻松自然地描述出大脑里的图画。 ②Summary based on a dialogue 这一活动在初二就可以做。在这之前不妨先概括一下如下的句型结构： want/ask/tell sb (not) to dosth; want to do sth; ask if sb would like to do sth 以及一些简单句。 ③Text retelling 尽量用自己的语言口头改编、 复述较长的课文。在开展这一活动之前，允许同学们头一 天进行适当准备。不要限制同学们一定不要写提纲，甚至允许事先写出来。因为口头表达与书面表达是密切相联 的。只要同学们口头复述时不看书面提纲或内容即可。为了让全体同学有一个正确的标准，教师最好口头作一个 示范，让同学们有效地模仿。模仿在语言学习的初级阶段是相当重要的、不可缺少的步骤。 ④Make sentences 在平时的课堂教学中，当我们在学习一个新的词组和句型时，在给出典型的例句后， 应多多鼓励同学造句。同学们只要将例句看懂了都会非常乐意争先恐后地造句。有的句子甚至出乎意料的精彩 。这样做，不仅使同学们很轻松有效地学会了新词组、新句型，而且还为口语能力的形成打下了扎实的基础。 ⑤Debate/Argument 老师们可以根据学生学习的内容和实际水平，适当地选一个topic，让同学们展开争论。 如：Is it good or bad toplay video games in spare time? 还有在初二下学期学习情态动词can， ma y，must，can't时，就可给出一个model，让同学们模仿。如：给出一个实物让对方说出是什么： A What do you think it may be， B I think it may be an C It can't be an I think it must be a D How can it be a banana? A banana is long but it It must be an E It can't be an Anyone with eyes can see it isa…这样在模仿争论的同时，不知不觉中 掌握了情态动词的用法，从而也提高了同学们的口语表达能力。 ⑥Describe sb or sth you like best 随着一、二年级的知识积累，我们可以适当地让同学们在一节课的 前十分钟或后十分钟描述一下他（她）最喜欢的人或物。 以上只是我的个人观点，希望这些观点能让个同学们的口语有所提高。最后，祝住同学们都能学会英语，都能学懂英语，都能学好英语！

计算机英语论文及翻译要求

_htm在里面找。，都是论文，大把。。。。

海外英语杂志欢迎投稿，详情见我的空间

下英语论文除了专业数据库一般还有三个地方：

Information literacy Knowing how to find data from several sources， select relevant material， analyse and organise it into a form that can be used to make Computers have become the tools people use to access and manage Information technologists are people who analyse and design the What is a computer? Tradition definitions of computers include • A machine that accepts data and processes it into use • A computer is a binary， digital， electronic， stored program • While a computer is commonly a digital machine， analogue machine do An electronic device， operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory unit， that can accept data (input)， process data arithmetically and logically， produce results (output) from the processing and stores results for future Many computers receive and send data (communicate) across networks LAN and W A computer system consists of hardware and What is hardware? Hardware Hardware is physical devices or components that can be physically handled – you can thou Input Devices Input devices convert data that humans collect into coded electrical signals that a computer can The central processing unit The electronic processing takes place in the CPU The CPU consists of • A control unit that controls all of the computer’s functions and an • Arithmetic and logical unit (ALU) that performs any calculation Memory Memory holds all programs and What is RAM currently open? Data (notes) Word processor OS Output devices Output devices convert the computer’s electronic signals back into information Secondary storage devices These devices store programs and data The programs and data are not necessarily (or likely to be) in current E DVD CD Communication devices These devices enable a computer to connect to another List the six different type of hardware? Secondary storage(external)， input， processor， output ， memory， C Name eight pieces of hardware USB， keyboard， monitor， screen， RAM， ROM， VDU， M The system unit and peripheral devices The system unit is the computer Peripheral devices are any devices around the outside， or in other words， plugged into the (back of) the Peripheral devices include the key board， mouse， printer， joy stick and Peripheral devices are any devices around the outside， or in other words， plugged into the (back of) the Peripheral devices include the keyboard， mouse， printer， joy stick and What else does a computer have? Software Software is a computer program ，which is a detailed set of instructions that directs a computer to perform the tasks necessary to process data into These instructions are written in languages that computer can Software includes computer games， a word processing packing， an accounting package， amongst Definition of a computer system • A computer system is the configuration of hardware and software， functioning together， to process data into useful information， in order to achieve a purpose for a human What is data? • Data is raw facts， be they numbers， words， images and sounds， that can be input into a Mary a name is a piece of data What is information? • Information is processed data， that has meaning and is John is a list of names who scored an A grade on an exam John A Chai A Pam A Commodore $23 500 Magna $21 500 Falcon $19 800 The system unit contains the • Motherboard • CPU • Memory • Other electronics It is where the computer program instructions are executed and the data is manipulatedThe Processor CPU The CPU interprets and carries out basic instructions that operate the computer， the CPU contain the • Control unit and the • Arithmetic logic unit Control unit The control unit directs and coordinates the computer’s For every single instruction， the control unit repeats four basic operations， • Fetching • Decoding • Executing • Storing CPU speed The CPU’s speed may be measured in MIPS The number of millions of instructions per second Arithmetic/logic unit The ALU performs all calculations， which involve • Arithmetic operations 2+3 • Comparison operations age>=17 • Logical operations pass Processing instructions A CPU may begin executing a second machine cycle before completing the first-referred to as Current CPU’s can pipeline up to 4 Storage within the CPU Registers temporarily hold data and The computer’s clock A System clock is necessary to control the timing of all computer Each tick of the clock is referred to as a clock Clock speed is the speed at which a processor executes A hertz is one cycle per second and a megahertz is 1024 by1024 and a gigahertz is 1024 by 1024 Memory Memory is the temporary storage place for data and (program) Memory is measured in • Kilobytes 1024 bytes 2^10 • Megabytes 1024* 1024 bytes 2^20 • Gigabytes 1024*1024*1024 bytes 2^30 Representation of data Digital computers are built from many small electronic Each circuit， at any point of time can be turned OFF or ON Hence these devices are called two state Binary Digit 0and 1 Each off or on digital value is called a bit， short for binary A 1 bit computer would be able to distinguish between two values-characters， symbols or Hardly sufficient for the characters on the keyboard Bits Characters 1 2 2 4 3 8 4 16 5 32 6 64 7 128 8 256

计算机英语论文及翻译怎么写

动画设计中消除图像闪烁的一种方法是使用多页动画。多页动画是通过使用页切换技术实现的。页切换改变显示页以绘制出给定动画序列的相邻帧。由于图像通常绘制在不同的页上(不是当前可见页)，用户不会看到图像被绘制或擦除。所以，这种技术能产生高质量的动画而没有图像闪烁。进行页切换的详细步骤如下。 选择一种至少有两个可用显示页的视频模式(示例中为EGA640×200，16色4页)。 使用-setvideomode()函数获取选择的视频模式。在当前显示页(0页)上绘制出序列中的第一帧。 在需要绘制出序列中下一帧时，使用-setactivepage()函数设置激活页为备用显示项，仅仅改变激活页(不是可见页)。 绘制出下一帧。此帧将被绘制在备用显示页(页1)上，而当前页(页0)继续被显示。在以后重复这一步时在绘制新的一帧前擦除掉已有的帧。 绘制出新的一帧以后，使用-setvisualpage()函数将可见页设置为备用页。此时，备用页成为当前页。 重复步骤3到5直到完成了动画序列为止。 以下程序(采用Visual C++)演示了实际的多页动画，例子中的动画序列读者自行设计。 #include #include LAST-FRAME) current-frame=2; PAGE-FLIP(page) px=px+DELTA-X; current-frame=1; PAGE-FLIP(page) draw-frame(frame，x，y) int frame，x，y; switch(frame) case 1: frame-1(DRAW，x，y); break; case 2: frame-2(DRAW，x，y); break; case 3: frame-3(DRAW，x，y); break; case 4: frame-4(DRAW，x，y); break; create-delay(td) /**同Borland C++中的delay(td)函数**/ int td; time-t ts1，ts2; ts2=ts1=clock(); while(ts1+td>ts2) ts2=clock(); Animation design to eliminate the flickering image is a way to the use of animated Animation pages through the use of technology to switch the Page switch to change the display page will be drawn to the animation sequence of adjacent As the image is usually drawn in a different page (not the current page can be seen)， the user will not see that image was erased or Therefore， this technology can produce high-quality animation and images do not Switch page for detailed steps are as Select a show that can be used at least two-page video mode (for example EGA640 × 200，16 color 4) Use-setvideomode () function to obtain the video mode of In the current show page (0)， to map out the sequence in the first The need to map out the sequence in the next frame， the use of-setactivepage () function to activate page set up for back-up show， just change the activation page (not visible) Mapping out the next This frame will be drawn in the back-up display page (Page 1)， and the current page (page 0) continue to be Repeat this step at a later date when the new map in a pre-cleaning to remove the existing Mapping out a new future， the use of-setvisualpage () function will be seen as a back-page settings At this point， has become the back-page Repeat steps 3-5 until the completion of the animated series so The following procedures (in Visual C + +) demonstration of the actual pages of the animation， examples of animation sequences designed by # include # include LAST-FRAME) current-frame = 2; PAGE-FLIP (page) px = px + DELTA-X; current-frame = 1; PAGE-FLIP (page) draw-frame (frame， x， y) int frame， x， y; switch (frame) case 1: frame-1 (DRAW， x， y); break; case 2: frame-2 (DRAW， x， y); break; case 3: frame-3 (DRAW， x， y); break; case 4: frame-4 (DRAW， x， y); break; create-delay (td) / ** Borland C + + with the delay (td) function ** / int td; time-t ts1， ts2; ts2 = ts1 = clock (); while (ts1 + td> ts2) ts2 = clock ();

下英语论文除了专业数据库一般还有三个地方：

Abstract: Computer Application in the increasingly extensive and in-depth at the same time， computer and network security problems have become increasingly complex and Network vulnerability and complexity of the increased threats and the possibility of With the global security incidents has risen over the years to ensure the safety of network information system has attracted the world's attention， and information security in all countries suffered from the unprecedented This referral network security， the paper from the firewall， attacks and emergency response， intrusion detection， hacker， and so few simple 网络、Network 防火墙（firewall）、黑客 HackerInternet

At the calculator apply increasingly and extensively with thorough of in the meantime， the safe problem of the calculator network is increasingly complicated with Flimsiness and complexity of network increased the possibility of threat and Increase year by year along with the global safe affairs， the safety which insures a network information system has already caused the concern of people of this world， the information safety all was subjected to an unprecedented value in all Lie this network safety， this text is from the fire wall， attackstone and meet an emergency to respond to， invade an examination， black guest what time carry on a simple

计算机英语论文及翻译要求范文

-_-! 想的很是美美，英语论文就算了，随便找找，还得翻译中文哇天下没那等没事哟~ 祝福LZ呢~

Information literacy Knowing how to find data from several sources， select relevant material， analyse and organise it into a form that can be used to make Computers have become the tools people use to access and manage Information technologists are people who analyse and design the What is a computer? Tradition definitions of computers include �6�1 A machine that accepts data and processes it into use �6�1 A computer is a binary， digital， electronic， stored program �6�1 While a computer is commonly a digital machine， analogue machine do An electronic device， operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory unit， that can accept data (input)， process data arithmetically and logically， produce results (output) from the processing and stores results for future Many computers receive and send data (communicate) across networks LAN and W A computer system consists of hardware and What is hardware? Hardware Hardware is physical devices or components that can be physically handled – you can thou Input Devices Input devices convert data that humans collect into coded electrical signals that a computer can The central processing unit The electronic processing takes place in the CPU The CPU consists of �6�1 A control unit that controls all of the computer’s functions and an �6�1 Arithmetic and logical unit (ALU) that performs any calculation Memory Memory holds all programs and What is RAM currently open? Data (notes) Word processor OS Output devices Output devices convert the computer’s electronic signals back into information Secondary storage devices These devices store programs and data The programs and data are not necessarily (or likely to be) in current E DVD CD Communication devices These devices enable a computer to connect to another List the six different type of hardware? Secondary storage(external)， input， processor， output ， memory， C Name eight pieces of hardware USB， keyboard， monitor， screen， RAM， ROM， VDU， M The system unit and peripheral devices The system unit is the computer Peripheral devices are any devices around the outside， or in other words， plugged into the (back of) the Peripheral devices include the key board， mouse， printer， joy stick and Peripheral devices are any devices around the outside， or in other words， plugged into the (back of) the Peripheral devices include the keyboard， mouse， printer， joy stick and What else does a computer have? Software Software is a computer program ，which is a detailed set of instructions that directs a computer to perform the tasks necessary to process data into These instructions are written in languages that computer can Software includes computer games， a word processing packing， an accounting package， amongst Definition of a computer system �6�1 A computer system is the configuration of hardware and software， functioning together， to process data into useful information， in order to achieve a purpose for a human What is data? �6�1 Data is raw facts， be they numbers， words， images and sounds， that can be input into a Mary a name is a piece of data What is information? �6�1 Information is processed data， that has meaning and is John is a list of names who scored an A grade on an exam John A Chai A Pam A Commodore $23 500 Magna $21 500 Falcon $19 800 The system unit contains the �6�1 Motherboard �6�1 CPU �6�1 Memory �6�1 Other electronics It is where the computer program instructions are executed and the data is manipulatedThe Processor CPU The CPU interprets and carries out basic instructions that operate the computer， the CPU contain the �6�1 Control unit and the �6�1 Arithmetic logic unit Control unit The control unit directs and coordinates the computer’s For every single instruction， the control unit repeats four basic operations， �6�1 Fetching �6�1 Decoding �6�1 Executing �6�1 Storing CPU speed The CPU’s speed may be measured in MIPS The number of millions of instructions per second Arithmetic/logic unit The ALU performs all calculations， which involve �6�1 Arithmetic operations 2+3 �6�1 Comparison operations age>=17 �6�1 Logical operations pass Processing instructions A CPU may begin executing a second machine cycle before completing the first-referred to as Current CPU’s can pipeline up to 4 Storage within the CPU Registers temporarily hold data and The computer’s clock A System clock is necessary to control the timing of all computer Each tick of the clock is referred to as a clock Clock speed is the speed at which a processor executes A hertz is one cycle per second and a megahertz is 1024 by1024 and a gigahertz is 1024 by 1024 Memory Memory is the temporary storage place for data and (program) Memory is measured in �6�1 Kilobytes 1024 bytes 2^10 �6�1 Megabytes 1024* 1024 bytes 2^20 �6�1 Gigabytes 1024*1024*1024 bytes 2^30 Representation of data Digital computers are built from many small electronic Each circuit， at any point of time can be turned OFF or ON Hence these devices are called two state Binary Digit 0and 1 Each off or on digital value is called a bit， short for binary A 1 bit computer would be able to distinguish between two values-characters， symbols or Hardly sufficient for the characters on the keyboard Bits Characters 1 2 2 4 3 8 4 16 5 32 6 64 7 128 8 256

Computer network security and to guard againstAbstract: When mankind entered the 21st century information society， the network society of the time， China will establish a complete set of network security system， especially from the policy and law to establish China's own characteristics， network security Key words: computer; network; security; preventIn the information age， information can help groups or individuals so that they benefit from， the same information can also be used to pose a threat to them， caused Therefore network security， including the composition of network hardware， software and network transmission of information security， so that they do not because of accidental or malicious destruction of the attacks， network security not only the technical aspects， but also management issues， both complement each other， are First， the concept of computer network securityInternational Organization for Standardization of "computer security" is defined as: "To establish a data processing system and the adoption of technology and management of security protection， the protection of computer hardware， software， data is not due to accidental and malicious destruction of reasons， change and " The above definition of computer security includes physical security and logical security of both the contents of the contents of the logic of security could be understood as we often say that the information security， information refers to the confidentiality， integrity and availability of protection， and network security Information security is the meaning of the extension， that network security is a network of information confidentiality， integrity and availability Computer network security as the specific meaning of the user changes， the user is different on the network security awareness and requirements will be From the ordinary user's point of view， could only hope that personal privacy or confidential information transmission on the network be protected against eavesdropping， tampering and forgery; and network provider in addition to care about these network information security， we must also consider how to deal with sudden natural disasters， such as military strikes against the destruction of network hardware， as well as unusual in the network how to restore network communications， and maintain the continuity of network In essence， the network security， including the composition of network hardware， software and network transmission of information security， so that they do not because of accidental or malicious attacks on the destruction of both the technical aspects of network security issues， there are management issues， the two sides complement each other， are Man-made network intrusion and attacks makes network security is facing new Second， computer network security status quoComputer network security is the network hardware， software and data systems are protected from accidental or malicious destruction of reasons， alteration， disclosure， the system continuous， reliable， normal operation of network services without Computer and network technology has the complexity and diversity， makes computer and network security has become a need to continue to update and improve the At present， hackers method has been more than the type of computer virus， and many attacks are In the Internet network， because the Internet does not have the time and geographical constraints， whenever there is a means to generate new attacks， we can in a week around the world， these attacks means the use of network and system vulnerabilities to attack computer systems and resulting in network Worms， backdoor (Back-doors)， Rootkits， DOS (DenialofServices) and Sniffer (network monitor) is a familiar means of several hacker However， none of these attacks means they reflect the astonishing power of today become These types of attacks means the new variant， with previous attacks appeared methods， more intelligent， targeted against Internet-based protocols and operating system From the Web process control procedures to the kernel-level R Hackers practices escalating renovation， to the user's ability to guard against information security Third， computer network security precautions1， to strengthen the internal network management and the use of safety awareness among staff， many computer systems commonly used passwords to control access to system resources， which is anti-virus process， the most vulnerable and the most economical Network administrator and terminal operator privileges in accordance with their responsibilities， choose a different password for the application data legitimate operation， to prevent unauthorized users to access the data and the use of network On the network， software installation and management is crucial， it is not only related to network maintenance and management efficiency and quality， but also to the network A good antivirus software can be easily installed within minutes to the organization each NT server can also be downloaded and spread to all the purpose of the machine by the network administrator set up and manage to focus， it will work with the operating system and other security is closely linked to become a part of network security management， and automatically provide the best network virus defensive When the computer virus on-line resources applications attack， such as the virus exists in the information-sharing network of media， it is necessary to the security at the gateway， on the network front-end for 2， network firewall technologyIs a kind of used to strengthen the network access control to prevent the external network users to illegal means to enter the external network through the internal network， access internal network resources and protect the internal network operating environment special for Network Interconnection D It is between two or more networks such as packet transmission link in accordance with a certain degree of security strategy to implement the inspection， to determine whether the network communication between are allowed to， and monitor the network Although the firewall is to protect the network from an effective means of hacking， but there are obviously inadequate: through the firewall can not protect against outside attack other means， can not prevent defectors from the inside and inadvertent threats posed by users， but also can not completely prevent the transmission of the virus have been infected with the software or documents， and can not protect against data-driven 3， security encryption technologyEncryption technology for the global e-commerce to provide a guarantee， so that Internet-based electronic trading system has become possible， thus improving the symmetric encryption and asymmetric encryption technology is still the mainstream of the 21st Symmetric encryption to the conventional password-based technology， computing encryption and decryption operations use the same Asymmetric encryption， encryption key that is different from the decryption key， encryption keys are made public， anyone can use， only the decryption key to decrypt people 4， the network host operating system security and physical security measuresNetwork firewall as the first line of defense and can not fully protect the internal network， must be combined with other measures to improve the safety of the system After the firewall is based on the network host operating system security and physical security In accordance with the level from low to high， namely， the physical security of the host system， the core operating system security， system security， application services security and file system security; At the same time， host security checks and bug fixes， as well as a backup safety system as a supplementary safety These constitute the entire network system， the second line of defense， the main part of a breakthrough to prevent the firewall as well as attacks from System backup is the last line of defense network system， used to attack after the System R The firewall and host security measures is the overall system security by auditing， intrusion detection and response processor constitute the overall safety inspection and response It from the network system firewall， network host or even directly from the network link layer on the extraction of network status information， as input to the intrusion detection Intrusion Detection System in accordance with certain rules to determine whether there is any invasion of the incident， if the invasion occurred， the emergency treatment measures， and generate a warning Moreover， the system's security audit also can be used as the future consequences of aggressive behavior and to deal with security policy on the system to improve sources of In short， network security is a comprehensive issue， involving technology， management， use and many other aspects， including both its own information system security issues， there are physical and logical technical measures， a kind of technology can only solve the problem on the one hand， rather than a To this end the establishment of a network with Chinese characteristics， security system， the need for national policies and regulations to support and joint research and development Security and anti-security like two sides of contradictions， always pick-up， so the security industry is a future with the development of new technologies and the continuous development of References:[1] Huang Yi-qiang， et On the software development needs analysis phase of the main Quarterly Journal of Sun Yat-sen University， 2002 (01)[2] Hu D Computer LAN [M] Beijing: Tsinghua University Press， [3] Zhu Lisen， even S Computer Network Application Technology [M] Beijing: Patent Literature Publishing House， [4] Xie X Computer Networks (4th edition) [M] Beijing: Publishing House of Electronics Industry， [5]孙小刚， Han Dong， et Oriented software engineering， Visual C + + Network Programming [M] Beijing: Tsinghua University Press， 2004，仅供参考，请自借鉴。希望对您有帮助。补充：您可以随时找我，我会帮你翻译好发过去，随时欢迎您的咨询。

海外英语杂志欢迎投稿，详情见我的空间

计算机英语论文及翻译要求高吗

相对而言！但是总体上你要懂一些基础的英语。比如你是学电脑软件编程的(我的学开发的)你至少要知道一些英语的使用才能写出一个规范的程序。如果你是学硬软件维护的你至少要懂计算机基本的英语即《计算机英语》但是涉及英语也不是很多，除非你想拿高工资那你英语就 要强！这样你才可以学习到更多的东西。我们使用的电脑和程序都是外国引进来的。如果你可以看一些英语资料对你学习你计算机的领域是很有帮助的。想混碗饭吃，学点英语还有很有必要的！！！

学习电脑编程，英语学习认识度是必不可少，如果你学的是电脑办公方面的，对英语要求不是太高。