英语学术论文总结怎么写范文高中

英语学术论文总结怎么写范文高中

一、选题 选题在学术论文写作中具有头等重要的意义。这是因为，只有研究有意义的课题，才能获得好的效果，对科学事业和现实生活有益处；而一项毫无意义的研究，即使研究得再好， 论文写作得再美，也是没有科学价值的。钱学森教授认为：“研究课题要紧密结合国家的需 要。……在研究方法上要防止钻牛角尖，搞烦琐 哲学 。 目前 在 社会 科学中，有的人就古人的 一句话大作文章，反复考证，写一大篇论文，我看没有什么意思。”因此，我们要选择有科 学价值的课题进行研究和写作。那么，应该根据哪些原则来选题呢？（一）具有科学性。它应包括：急待解决的课题；科学上的新发现，新创造；学科上短 缺或空白的填补； 通行说法的纠正；前人理论的补充；等等。（二）有利于展开。指的是：要有浓厚的兴趣；能发挥业务专长；先易后难，大小适中； 已占有一定的资料；能得到导师指导；在一定时间内能完成；对题目加以限定。注意事项1、摘要中应排除本学科领域已成为常识的内容；切忌把应在引言中出现的内容写入摘要；一般也不要对论文内容作诠释和评论(尤其是自我评价)。2、不得简单重复题名中已有的信息。比如一篇文章的题名是《几种中国兰种子试管培养根状茎发生的研究》，摘要的开头就不要再写：“为了……，对几种中国兰种子试管培养根状茎的发生进行了研究”。3、结构严谨，表达简明，语义确切。摘要先写什么，后写什么，要按逻辑顺序来安排。句子之间要上下连贯，互相呼应。摘要慎用长句，句型应力求简单。每句话要表意明白，无空泛、笼统、含混之词，但摘要毕竟是一篇完整的短文，电报式的写法亦不足取。摘要不分段。4、用第三人称。建议采用“对……进行了研究”、“报告了……现状”、“进行了……调查”等记述方法标明一次文献的性质和文献主题，不必使用“本文”、“作者”等作为主语。5、要使用规范化的名词术语，不用非公知公用的符号和术语。新术语或尚无合适汉文术语的，可用原文或译出后加括号注明原文。6、除了实在无法变通以外，一般不用数学公式和化学结构式，不出现插图、表格。7、不用引文，除非该文献证实或否定了他人已出版的著作。8、缩略语、略称、代号，除了相邻专业的读者也能清楚理解的以外，在首次出现时必须加以说明。科技论文写作时应注意的其他事项，如采用法定计量单位、正确使用语言文字和标点符号等，也同样适用于摘要的编写。摘要编写中的主要问题有：要素不全，或缺目的，或缺方法；出现引文，无独立性与自明性；繁简失当。

学术报告尤其是英文学术报告的写作对于中国学生来说是一个薄弱环节，反之，国外的教育对此则相当重视。去国外学习，各种课程都可能要求你写报告，特别是商业、科学或技术类学科。依据内容及导师要求的不同，报告的形式可能有所差别，但是写作的过程却是相似的。美联英语学习网/lx向您介绍英文学术报告怎么写？　　学术报告（academic report or paper）的写作包括阅读，思考，针对一个学术课题进行案例分析及写作，总体来说就是为了让你的读者以新的眼光来看待该课题。大学的学术报告与你之前所做过的其他类型的报告（如高中时期为完成老师布置的作业而写的报告）的不同之处在于，它既陈述了研究事实，又提出了你自己的推论。　　写作过程指导：　　 研究及总结（Research and Summarize）　　研究所选的课题，找出针对课题的“who（谁），what（什么），when（何时），why（为什么）及how（如何）”的答案。总结收集到的信息，清楚自己所掌握的，评估自己所不知道的，以便专注于进一步的研究方向。列出一个参考书目来引用并避免抄袭。　　阅读原始文献及补充信息并考虑关于课题的历史或流行观点。思考每篇文章的要点同时注意它们的共性。缩小你的课题范围这样你就可以准备写一篇充满智慧的报告了。　　2．定义结构（Define the Structure）　　定义报告的结构并将你的论点串联成一个连贯的推理。依据报告的主题制定一个大纲。以这种方式组织你的观点可以帮助你看到各个观点之间的关系。　　大纲中的所标题结构要统一。例如如果你的第一个标题以一个行为动词（action verb）开头，那么所有其他标题都应该以行为动词开头。副标题（Sub-heading）应该包含支撑大标题的细节。重组你的大纲直到它能清晰的反映一个思想逻辑流程。　　 写正文（Write your paper）　　学术报告通常包含五个部分:标题页，引言（包含论文主题），背景信息，关于论点及结论的细节，陈述支持或反对某个特点观点的争论。　　用辅助段落来讲述一个故事，提供一个观察的视角，描述一个过程，定义意义，对思想进行分类，比较和对比观点，类推或解释为什么这种现象会发生。提供证据，陈述假设并适当添加个人观点使论文连贯、清晰易懂。确保每段都有足够的结束语及过渡句。在学术报告中尽量减少使用个人代词如“我”。　　 校对（Proofread）　　打印并大声朗读报告来检查错误。保证报告没有语法及格式错误。　　至此一篇英文学术报告就完成了，当然在做报告之前还要加强学术英语的学习，背诵一些相关专业的词汇和术语，并尽量多阅读一些英文的专业文献，做好基本功。

英语学术论文总结怎么写初中高中

一、选题 选题在学术论文写作中具有头等重要的意义。这是因为，只有研究有意义的课题，才能获得好的效果，对科学事业和现实生活有益处；而一项毫无意义的研究，即使研究得再好， 论文写作得再美，也是没有科学价值的。钱学森教授认为：“研究课题要紧密结合国家的需 要。……在研究方法上要防止钻牛角尖，搞烦琐 哲学 。 目前 在 社会 科学中，有的人就古人的 一句话大作文章，反复考证，写一大篇论文，我看没有什么意思。”因此，我们要选择有科 学价值的课题进行研究和写作。那么，应该根据哪些原则来选题呢？（一）具有科学性。它应包括：急待解决的课题；科学上的新发现，新创造；学科上短 缺或空白的填补； 通行说法的纠正；前人理论的补充；等等。（二）有利于展开。指的是：要有浓厚的兴趣；能发挥业务专长；先易后难，大小适中； 已占有一定的资料；能得到导师指导；在一定时间内能完成；对题目加以限定。注意事项1、摘要中应排除本学科领域已成为常识的内容；切忌把应在引言中出现的内容写入摘要；一般也不要对论文内容作诠释和评论(尤其是自我评价)。2、不得简单重复题名中已有的信息。比如一篇文章的题名是《几种中国兰种子试管培养根状茎发生的研究》，摘要的开头就不要再写：“为了……，对几种中国兰种子试管培养根状茎的发生进行了研究”。3、结构严谨，表达简明，语义确切。摘要先写什么，后写什么，要按逻辑顺序来安排。句子之间要上下连贯，互相呼应。摘要慎用长句，句型应力求简单。每句话要表意明白，无空泛、笼统、含混之词，但摘要毕竟是一篇完整的短文，电报式的写法亦不足取。摘要不分段。4、用第三人称。建议采用“对……进行了研究”、“报告了……现状”、“进行了……调查”等记述方法标明一次文献的性质和文献主题，不必使用“本文”、“作者”等作为主语。5、要使用规范化的名词术语，不用非公知公用的符号和术语。新术语或尚无合适汉文术语的，可用原文或译出后加括号注明原文。6、除了实在无法变通以外，一般不用数学公式和化学结构式，不出现插图、表格。7、不用引文，除非该文献证实或否定了他人已出版的著作。8、缩略语、略称、代号，除了相邻专业的读者也能清楚理解的以外，在首次出现时必须加以说明。科技论文写作时应注意的其他事项，如采用法定计量单位、正确使用语言文字和标点符号等，也同样适用于摘要的编写。摘要编写中的主要问题有：要素不全，或缺目的，或缺方法；出现引文，无独立性与自明性；繁简失当。

文章结构要紧凑。审题不能偏移主题。尤其重要的是要善用短语，优美的句子，就是将书本上的短语，句子借鉴过来。在3的基础上多使用从句，利用各种关系的连词使上下文衔接恰当。

论文总结要添加上论文的观点后，也可以相应的加上部分推测内容，总结一定要有自己的观点虽说不怎么新颖但是不会出错的。

英语学术论文总结怎么写范文初中

一、选题 选题在学术论文写作中具有头等重要的意义。这是因为，只有研究有意义的课题，才能获得好的效果，对科学事业和现实生活有益处；而一项毫无意义的研究，即使研究得再好， 论文写作得再美，也是没有科学价值的。钱学森教授认为：“研究课题要紧密结合国家的需 要。……在研究方法上要防止钻牛角尖，搞烦琐 哲学 。 目前 在 社会 科学中，有的人就古人的 一句话大作文章，反复考证，写一大篇论文，我看没有什么意思。”因此，我们要选择有科 学价值的课题进行研究和写作。那么，应该根据哪些原则来选题呢？（一）具有科学性。它应包括：急待解决的课题；科学上的新发现，新创造；学科上短 缺或空白的填补； 通行说法的纠正；前人理论的补充；等等。（二）有利于展开。指的是：要有浓厚的兴趣；能发挥业务专长；先易后难，大小适中； 已占有一定的资料；能得到导师指导；在一定时间内能完成；对题目加以限定。注意事项1、摘要中应排除本学科领域已成为常识的内容；切忌把应在引言中出现的内容写入摘要；一般也不要对论文内容作诠释和评论(尤其是自我评价)。2、不得简单重复题名中已有的信息。比如一篇文章的题名是《几种中国兰种子试管培养根状茎发生的研究》，摘要的开头就不要再写：“为了……，对几种中国兰种子试管培养根状茎的发生进行了研究”。3、结构严谨，表达简明，语义确切。摘要先写什么，后写什么，要按逻辑顺序来安排。句子之间要上下连贯，互相呼应。摘要慎用长句，句型应力求简单。每句话要表意明白，无空泛、笼统、含混之词，但摘要毕竟是一篇完整的短文，电报式的写法亦不足取。摘要不分段。4、用第三人称。建议采用“对……进行了研究”、“报告了……现状”、“进行了……调查”等记述方法标明一次文献的性质和文献主题，不必使用“本文”、“作者”等作为主语。5、要使用规范化的名词术语，不用非公知公用的符号和术语。新术语或尚无合适汉文术语的，可用原文或译出后加括号注明原文。6、除了实在无法变通以外，一般不用数学公式和化学结构式，不出现插图、表格。7、不用引文，除非该文献证实或否定了他人已出版的著作。8、缩略语、略称、代号，除了相邻专业的读者也能清楚理解的以外，在首次出现时必须加以说明。科技论文写作时应注意的其他事项，如采用法定计量单位、正确使用语言文字和标点符号等，也同样适用于摘要的编写。摘要编写中的主要问题有：要素不全，或缺目的，或缺方法；出现引文，无独立性与自明性；繁简失当。

一般要求都是英文的，没有办法。要努力了。主要是和导师沟通。

英语论文总结怎么写范文高中

论文总结要添加上论文的观点后，也可以相应的加上部分推测内容，总结一定要有自己的观点虽说不怎么新颖但是不会出错的。

结尾就是总结和致谢啊！总结一些你的观点，向对你有帮助的人，或者单位等表示谢意啊，我前几天也刚写完一个论文

简单总结一下之前每个论点，再次陈述中心思想。比开头要深入，段落上可以比开头长一些。

英语总结论文怎么写高中范文

How to improve your English in full detail (my experience) The Third EditionTo be good at English is not particularly easy but not terribly hard Before you start to learn sentences， or new words， the first and also the most important step is the "pronunciation" To pronounce perfectly you should buy a tape to assist you to learn and This is the fundamental step to learn English， ignore or pay no attention to this step; you will not learn proper English and you will find the later steps more and more If you are solid and accurate in pronunciation， you will find the later steps much easier and you will stand firmly on the right After mastering the pronunciation perfectly， it is the time to accumulate new words and useful Of course start from the simplest words like “hello， hi， you， me， he， him， his， her”， and expressions like “how are you， how old are you， how do you do”， It is essential to write the words on a piece of paper so that you remember them Actually everyone had done these at his/her primary *************Now let me tell you how I learnt English in C *******************Speaking:In China， you won't have enough chances to speak E What I did was in the morning I got up early and read aloud the texts in the The initial aim was to achieve the same speed as the tape， and then being able to read aloud the texts with the same style as the English announcer in the By doing this， it helps you to consolidate your pronunciation and Listening:Nowadays it is much easier to learn English in China because you can watch some TV channels in E The more channels in English the better because you can choose your preferred programmes and it helps you to learn English with interests of your own， hence ideal for listening and expression/words Writing:It is also very useful to write On writing diaries， it is not useful if you just write it without the care of grammar and When you finish you should always read your diaries again to check for errors and refine your sentences ( remove repetitive words， use better expressions， and sort out the structure of the sentences)Reading:It is also very important to read story books in English， starting from thin ones with not many new Read as many thin books as you possibly Little by Little you will want to read thicker books， and your reading ability will get even Putting four elements together:I have to emphasise that when you do all these reading， listening， writing and speaking; you should join them together as a whole， apply the new words you learn from watching TV， reading books to your writing and The enhancement of learning comes from getting hold of the possible opportunities to speak English (in China or abroad):In China， you should try to go to local English corner to practise your oral E If you are abroad then you should make a lot of English or international friends so you always have the opportunity to speak EOn Spoken English， attitude is very You need to be very keen and you must not be Never be afraid to make Always think that a talk in English with some one will help you You can think in this way: since my parents have paid so much to support me to study abroad， the money is partly spent on the international environment for learning English; therefore I ought to try my best to take every opportunity to practise my E My English has risen to a higher level in the last 2 years， because I talk in English most of the Having some international friends is particularly useful Summing up the activities:I have also been watching TV The real improvement lies in staying with international friends long enough and watching a lot of TV such as news， football， dramas， documentaries Writing diaries also helps me to remember good words， good expressions and practise sentence *****Now， I have finished talking about how to learn and improve General EIt is the time to switch to "Your Major in English" *******************************Knowing general English on its own is not going to be sufficient for most Skills are as important as mastering another General English helps people to communicate with each other in their Technical English helps you to take on challenges to change the world for the highest， to earn money for your living for the Some people who have a degree in English go abroad to learn something different but heavily based on the language such as Media study， Journalist， History， Education or even a bit more technical like Finance， Business Administration or EIt is extremely useful to know more because there are so many words in English and they appear differently to each For people whose second language is English， will find it difficult to guess the meaning of a new For sure， it is not possible to know Pick a major first and put all your effort on that major， in the end you will have a rich vocabulary of that Difficulties on learning Technical English:To master technical English in your area of study， there are two difficulties to 1， the language， because it is not your first language， you need to remember the terms， knowing how to pronounce it and spell 2， surely you need to understand the terms in a technical No matter what field， it is going to be the same; the two difficulties above must be Here I take Physics as an example (note that whatever field you are looking into is going to be similar):The term "momentum" is basically the product of the mass of the object and the velocity it Obviously， you need to understand mass and velocity as If you understand mass and velocity， then you get the explanation of the term "momentum" in physics， then you are most likely to understand the word and use it properly in the technical world of P From this example， you can see how to understand a technical word in a technical fashion: you need to understand the very fundamental knowledge of a field to be able to understand more complex terminologies or Before learning technical English in your field of study， I have a good recommendation to save your time:To understand technical knowledge in your first language (Chinese)， then you might not have the second What it left to overcome is just the first difficulty (the language)， hence the effort required is I can give you an example of my own:When I was learning chemistry at A-level， I had already learnt inorganic chemistry at the equivalent level in China， so I had no difficulty whatsoever in learning inorganic chemistry in the UK in EBut I had not learnt organic chemistry in China， and I was struggling significantly in learning organic chemistry in the UK due to dual ************OK， I have finished talking about how to improve your technical ENow i will talk about IT (Information Technology)， why is this important? Because nowadays it is the information age， you need to know computers， Internet， media and communications Knowing how to use Internet to search information will help your E ************I don't want to waffle too much on Computers are more and more important nowadays， everyone wants a computer and most people have their own But most people are not using the right Operating System for learning E Now I would like to introduce you to Debian Linux Operating system or a much nicer operating system called Ubuntu L If you still don't have a computer you can buy a China's home grown computer based on a Loongson CPU It saves your electricity and your time to deal with Linux will help you to improve your English skills because you need to read some documents and follow the instructions to set up software programs， it also requires you to search the Internet (Google for example) to find the answers to your problems ( installations of software programs)you can read about the commands of Linux in the terminal by putting in "man " ， so then you can read it and try to understand the content which will enable you to carry out the right The whole process of Reading， Understanding and deploying will improve your EWhen you install， do remember to install it as a UK English (Note that this IT section is more for people who take Science and Engineering courses)**********************************************************************Final wordsIt is the time to end this long talk on improving EHow good your English will be will heavily depend on how good your first language So when you go back to China for holidays， you should read as much as you can in Chinese because this will also help your English in a greater *********************************************************************Please note that the above is my own experience， it might not apply to you completely since your learning style could be Please take the advice which is right for I would regret deeply if my experience damaged your learning or wasted your Please look at it This is the third edition of “How to improve your English in full detail (my experience)”， I have made some corrections and changes to the second edition， and I hope that this is useful to I wish you all the best!你应该会用得着

一、选题 选题在学术论文写作中具有头等重要的意义。这是因为，只有研究有意义的课题，才能获得好的效果，对科学事业和现实生活有益处；而一项毫无意义的研究，即使研究得再好， 论文写作得再美，也是没有科学价值的。钱学森教授认为：“研究课题要紧密结合国家的需 要。……在研究方法上要防止钻牛角尖，搞烦琐 哲学 。 目前 在 社会 科学中，有的人就古人的 一句话大作文章，反复考证，写一大篇论文，我看没有什么意思。”因此，我们要选择有科 学价值的课题进行研究和写作。那么，应该根据哪些原则来选题呢？（一）具有科学性。它应包括：急待解决的课题；科学上的新发现，新创造；学科上短 缺或空白的填补； 通行说法的纠正；前人理论的补充；等等。（二）有利于展开。指的是：要有浓厚的兴趣；能发挥业务专长；先易后难，大小适中； 已占有一定的资料；能得到导师指导；在一定时间内能完成；对题目加以限定。注意事项1、摘要中应排除本学科领域已成为常识的内容；切忌把应在引言中出现的内容写入摘要；一般也不要对论文内容作诠释和评论(尤其是自我评价)。2、不得简单重复题名中已有的信息。比如一篇文章的题名是《几种中国兰种子试管培养根状茎发生的研究》，摘要的开头就不要再写：“为了……，对几种中国兰种子试管培养根状茎的发生进行了研究”。3、结构严谨，表达简明，语义确切。摘要先写什么，后写什么，要按逻辑顺序来安排。句子之间要上下连贯，互相呼应。摘要慎用长句，句型应力求简单。每句话要表意明白，无空泛、笼统、含混之词，但摘要毕竟是一篇完整的短文，电报式的写法亦不足取。摘要不分段。4、用第三人称。建议采用“对……进行了研究”、“报告了……现状”、“进行了……调查”等记述方法标明一次文献的性质和文献主题，不必使用“本文”、“作者”等作为主语。5、要使用规范化的名词术语，不用非公知公用的符号和术语。新术语或尚无合适汉文术语的，可用原文或译出后加括号注明原文。6、除了实在无法变通以外，一般不用数学公式和化学结构式，不出现插图、表格。7、不用引文，除非该文献证实或否定了他人已出版的著作。8、缩略语、略称、代号，除了相邻专业的读者也能清楚理解的以外，在首次出现时必须加以说明。科技论文写作时应注意的其他事项，如采用法定计量单位、正确使用语言文字和标点符号等，也同样适用于摘要的编写。摘要编写中的主要问题有：要素不全，或缺目的，或缺方法；出现引文，无独立性与自明性；繁简失当。

Since the 21st century， Europe and North America compared to the situation of the economic downturn， China's economy has maintained steady China's economic development has shown a rapid growth rate， the growth rate of less volatile， longer duration of the rise of the 2003--2011， China's average annual real GDP growth rate of 7 percent， higher than the 9% growth rate over the same period of the The rapid growth of Chinese economy needs a lot of management class technical talents and innovative talents， to provide a large number of overseas talent entrepreneurial More and more overseas students in the country to see the opportunity and platform to display their China's huge market for the "returnees" have an unprecedented opportunity， gave birth to a new round talent reflux By the end of 2008， the famous American automobile city of Detroit by the financial crisis， a large number of technical personnel And far across the ocean of China， the rapid development of the auto industry has been plagued by a shortage of As a result， some companies have targeted the opportunity to go to Detroit to attract Changan Group first job fair attracted more than 2，000 In summary， the majority of overseas Chinese students to return home than in the United States believe there is a better development， they are also more willing to choose the development in C Therefore， the United States "newspaper" to the phenomenon known as "US-based Chinese and Indian entrepreneurs who think the grass is greener " But do not just go out the local talent return， the United States， "International Herald Tribune" article believes that now is not merely a "reverse brain drain" (ie， China's senior talent to return)， but "native" of America's top talent also began flows to C