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写一篇关于园林工程行业未来发展趋势的论文英文版

发布时间:2024-07-08 09:51:46

写一篇关于园林工程行业未来发展趋势的论文英文版

02 园林学   1 总论   0001 园林学landscape architecture, garden ar-chitecture 0002 造园学garden making, landscape garden-ing 0003 环境园艺学environmental horticulture 0004 观赏园艺学ornamental horticulture 0005 园林艺术garden art 0006 园林美学garden aesthetics 0007 园林建筑学garden architecture 0008 园林建筑garden building 0009 园林工程garden engineering 0010 园林植物landscape plant 0011 观赏植物ornamental plant 0012 盆景miniature landscape, penjing 0013 园林garden and park 0014 园林学史history of garden architecture 0015 园林规划garden planning, landscaping planning 0016 园林设计garden design 0017 园林机具设备gardening machine 0018 园林管理garden management 0019 园林生态landscape ecology 0020 绿化greening, planting 0021 环境绿化environmental greening 0022 绿地面积green area 0023 绿地率ratio of green space 0024 城市绿化覆盖率urban green coverage 0025 工厂绿化factory greening, factory garden-ing 0026 街道绿化street greening, street planting 0027 车行道绿化driveway greening 0028 分车带绿化dividing stripe greening 0029 人行道绿化sidewalk greening 0030 群众绿化mass planting movement 0031 郊区绿化suburban greening 0032 公路绿化highway greening 0033 铁路绿化railway greening, railway planting 0034 堤岸种植bank planting 0035 阳台绿化balcony greening 0036 窗台绿化window-sill greening 0037 屋顶绿化roof greening 0038 垂直绿化vertical greening 0039 攀缘绿化climber greening 0040 桥头绿化bridgehead greening花园garden 0042 专类花园specified flower garden 0043 花园村garden village 0044 园林城市landscape garden city 0045 蔷薇园rose garden 0046 松柏园conifer garden 0047 球根园bulb garden 0048 宿根园perennial garden 0049 假山园rock garden, Chinese rockery 0050 狩猎场hunting ground 0051 街心花园street crossing center garden 0052 小游园petty street garden 0053 水景园water garden 0054 铺地园paved garden 0055 野趣园wild plants botanical garden 0056 野生植物园wild plants garden 0057 乡趣园rustic garden 0058 盆景园penjing garden, miniature land-scape 0059 动物园 zoo, zoological garden 0060 墓园cemetery garden 0061 沼泽园bog and marsh garden 0062 水生植物园aquatic plants garden 0063 学校园school garden 0064 室内花园indoor garden 0065 芳香花园fragrant garden 0066 盲人花园garden for the blind 0067 公园park, public park 0068 城市公园city park, urban park 0069 区公园regional park 0070 儿童公园children park 0071 体育公园sports park 0072 森林公园forest park 0073 纪念公园memorial park 0074 烈士纪念公园martyr memorial park 0075 综合公园comprehensive park 0076 文化公园cultural park 0077 文化休憩公园cultural and recreation park 0078 中央公园central park 0079 天然公园natural park 0080 海滨公园seaside park, seabeach park 0081 古迹公园historic site park 0082 河滨公园riverside park 0083 湖滨公园lakeside park 0084 路边公园roadside park, street park 0085 娱乐公园amusement park 0086 雕塑公园sculpture park 0087 休憩公园recreation park 0088 疗养公园sanatorium park 0089 国家公园national park 0090 邻里公园neighborhood park 0091 特种公园special park 0092 植物园botanical garden 0093 植物公园 abeled plants park 0094 高山植物园 alpine garden 0095 热带植物园 tropical plants garden 0096 药用植物园 medical plants garden, herb garden 0097 绿地 green space 0098 公共绿地public green space 0099 单位绿地unit green area 0100 城市绿地urban green space 0101 街道广场绿地street and square green area 0102 居住区绿地residential quarter green area 0103 防护绿地green area for environmental protection 0104 郊区绿地suburban green space 0105 街坊绿地residential block green belt 0106 附属绿地attached green space 0107 生产绿地productive plantation area 0108 苗圃nursery 0109 风景landscape, scenery 0110 自然景观natural landscape 0111 人文景观human landscape, scenery of humanities 0112 草原景观prairie landscape 0113 山岳景观mountain landscape, alpine landscape 0114 地理景观geographical landscape 0115 湖泊景观lake view 0116 郊区景观suburban landscape 0117 地质景观geological landscape 0118 喀斯特景观karst landscape 0119 植物景观plants landscape, flora 2 园林史   1 中国园林史   0120 中国古典园林classical Chinese garden 0121 中国传统园林traditional Chinese garden 0122 中国古代园林ancient Chinese garden 0123 中国山水园Chinese mountain and water garden 0124 帝王宫苑imperial palace garden 0125 皇家园林royal garden 0126 私家园林private garden 0127 江南园林garden on the Yangtze Delta 2 西方园林史   0128 西方古典园林western classical garden 0129 英国式园林English style garden 0130 中英混合式园林Anglo-Chinese style garden 0131 意大利式园林Italian style garden 0132 西班牙式园林Spanish style garden 0133 法兰西式园林French style garden 0134 勒诺特尔式园林Le Notre’s style garden 0135 文艺复兴庄园Renaissance style villa 0136 洛可可式园林Rococo style garden 0137 巴洛克式园林Baroque style garden 0138 庄园manor, villa garden 0139 廊柱园peristyle garden, patio 0140 绿廊xystus 0141 迷阵maze, 3 典型中西园林   0142 灵囿Ling You Hunting Garden 0143 灵沼Ling Zhao Water Garden 0144 灵台Ling Tai Platform Garden 0145 阿房宫E-Pang Palace 0146 上林苑Shang-Lin Yuan 0147 未央宫Wei-Yang Palace 0148 洛阳宫Luoyang Palace 0149 华清官Hua-Qing Palace 0150 艮岳Gen Yue Imperial Garden 0151 圆明园Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden 0152 颐和园Yi-He Yuan Imperial Garden,Summer Palace 0153 承德避暑山庄Chengde Imperial Summer Resort 0154 苏州园林Suzhou traditional garden 0155 悬园Hanging Garden 0156 英国皇家植物园Royal Botanical Garden, Kew garden 0157 凡尔赛宫苑Versailles Palace Park 0158 枫丹白露宫园Fontainebleau Palace G3 园林艺术   0159 景view, scenery, feature 0160 远景distant view 0161 近景nearby view 0162 障景obstructive scenery, blocking view 0163 借景borrowed scenery, view borrowing 0164 对景opposite scenery, view in opposite place 0165 缩景miniature scenery, abbreviated scenery 0166 漏景leaking through scenery 0167 框景enframed 5 园林设计    0325 园林设计师landscape architect, garden designer 0326 园址测量图garden site survey map 0327 地形图topographic map, contour map 0328 种植设计planting design 0329 地形改造设计topographical reform design 0330 种植大样图detail planting design 0331 造价分析cost analysis 0332 园林形式garden style 0333 规整式园林formal garden style 0334 非规整园林informal garden style 0335 几何式园林geometric garden style 0336 自然式园林natural garden style 0337 混合式园林mixed garden style 0338 近代巴洛克式园林modern Baroque style 0339 马克斯抽象园林RB Marx abstract garden 0340 园林区划garden area division 0341 园林分区规划garden block planning 0342 庭院花园courtyard garden 0343 前庭front yard, forecourt 0344 后庭back yard, rear yard 0345 中庭patio 0346 厨园kitchen yard 0347 沉[床]园sunken garden 0348 窗园window garden 0349 墙园wall garden 0350 宅园home garden 0351 台地园terrace garden 0352 冬园winter garden 0353 切花园cut flower garden 0354 屋顶花园roof garden 0355 后花园back yard garden 0356 园林地形改造topographical reform of garden 0357 土山earth piled hill, artificial mound 0358 假山rockery, artificial rockwork 0359 太湖石Taihu Lake stone, water modelled stone 0360 黄石yellowish brown stone 0361 人造假山石artificial stone, man-made stone 0362 孤赏石monolith, standing stone 0363 掇山piled stone hill, hill making 0364 叠石stones laying 0365 板石flag stone 0366 散点石scattered stone 0367 抱角石corner stone 0368 屋基石foundation stone 0369 排衙石guard stone 0370 屏石screen stone 0371 石岸rock bank 0372 石阶stone steps 0373 汀步stepping stone on water surface 0374 附壁石stone appended to wall 0375 石花台stone flower bed 0376 石凳stone bench 0377 假山石挡土墙rock retaining wall 0378 干砌石dry stone wall 0379 假山石楼梯rock stairway 0380 石亭stone pavilion 0381 石洞stone cavern 0382 石窟grotto 0383 置石stone arrangement, stone layout 0384 拱石arch stone 0385 拱顶石key 0168 尾景terminal feature 0169 主景main feature 0170 副景secondary feature 0171 配景objective view 0172 夹景vista line, vista 0173 前景front view 0174 背景background 0175 景序order of sceneries 0176 景点feature spot, view spot 0177 仰视景观upward landscape 0178 俯视景观downward landscape 0179 季相景观seasonal phenomena 0180 气象景观meteorological diversity scenery 0181 视野visual field 0182 秋色fall color, autumn color 0183 园林空间garden space 0184 开敞空间wide open space, wide space 0185 封闭空间enclosure space 0186 意境 artistic conception, poetic imagery 0187 苍古antiquity 0188 空灵spaciousness, airiness 0189 动观in-motion viewing 0190 静观 in-position viewing 0191 视错觉visual illusion 0192 园林艺术布局artistic layout of garden 0193 对称平衡symmetrical balance 0194 不对称平衡asymmetrical balance 0195 左右对称bilateral symmetry 0196 辐射对称radial symmetry 0197 透景线perspective line 0198 轴线axis, axial line 0199 主轴main axis 0200 副轴auxiliary axis 0201 暗轴hidden axis, invisible axis 0202 树冠线skyline 0203 园林色彩艺术art of garden colors 0204 单色谐调monochromatic harmony 0205 复色谐调compound chromatic harmony 0206 对比色突出contrast colors accent 0207 近似色谐调approximate colors harmony 0208 暖色warm color 0209 冷色cool color 0210 色感color sense

我也是生化系 可 不是你们 那专业

写一篇关于园林工程行业未来发展趋势的论文英文翻译版

The development of modern landscape architecture

Abstract: The garden is part of people's living environment, in modern life, plays an important Large garden would be the development trend of the world's Students should pay attention to the knowledge of learning!Keywords: Landscape Development

The particle is a garden in a small volume, simple, modeling chic, rich experience and location of appropriate for example a beautiful 樘 go through the window, and a fine set of air, a new exhibition and a clever of the garden, light, a concept unique sculpt and the convention on the seat by christine

写一篇关于园林工程行业未来发展趋势的论文英文翻译

Abstract: The garden is part of people's living environment, in modern life, plays an important Large garden would be the development trend of the world's Students should pay attention to the knowledge of learning!Keywords: Landscape Development

Abstract: garden ornaments garden volume is small, feature simple, chic style, full of fun, fine structures appropriate For example, a tang, a flower transparent windows, a fine partition, a new exhibition card, a smart garden lights, sculptures and even a unique idea rest of the seats, the lake Ting-step, These pieces are generally has a simple and practical function, but also has the shape of decorative arts Because of its small volume, generally do not have available for visitors to enter the interior They both technical requirements, but also contains the plastic arts and the combination of the aesthetic space Therefore, taking its shape in the garden means shall be subject to some artistic process, carefully refined and coordinated with the overall environment In this paper, the concept of garden ornaments, functional aspects of the introduction, discusses the design of garden essay barrier in the environment, landscape, viewing, rendering the role of both the garden in Garden in the value of this irreplaceable, according to the development of modern society conditions, trends, and design for the garden ornaments should be noted that some of the design, techniques, problems, propose appropriate personal Keywords: garden ornaments; value; Development

在一定的地域运用工程技术和艺术手段,通过改造地形(或进一步筑山、叠石、理水)、种植树木花草、营造建筑和布置园路等途径创作而成的美的自然环境和游憩境域,就称为园林。园林包括庭园、宅园、小游园、花园、公园、植物园、动物园等,随着园林学科的发展,还包括森林公园、广场、街道、风景名胜区、自然保护区或国家公园的游览区以及休养胜地。 园林,在中国古籍里根据不同的性质也称作园、囿、苑、园亭、庭园、园池、山池、池馆、别业、山庄等,美英各国则称之为Garden、Park、Landscape Garden。它们的性质、规模虽不完全一样,但都具有一个共同的特点:即在一定的地段范围内,利用并改造天然山水地貌或者人为地开辟山水地貌、结合植物的栽植和建筑的布置,从而构成一个供人们观赏、游憩、居住的环境。创造这样一个环境的全过程(包括设计和施工在内)一般称之为“造园”,研究如何去创造这样一个环境的科学就是“造园学”。 园林建设与人们的审美观念、社会的科学技术水平相始终,它更多地凝聚了当时当地人们对正在或未来生存空间的一种向往,在当代,园林选址已不拘泥于名山大川、深宅大府,而广泛建置于街头、交通枢纽、住宅区、工业区以及大型建筑的屋顶,使用的材料也从传统的建筑用材与植物扩展到了水体、灯光、音响等综合性的技术手段The use of a certain geographical and artistic means of engineering and technology, through the transformation of the terrain (or further to build mountains, of the rationale for water), planting trees and plants, and create a road such as layout of buildings and means of creation of the United States from the natural environment and open space throughout the domain , is called the Garden, including garden, garden, small garden, gardens, parks, botanical gardens, zoos, , with the development of landscape subjects, including forest parks, squares, streets, scenic spots, nature reserves or national parks as well as the rest of the resort resort Garden, in the Chinese classics in the nature of different, also known as Park, caught, Court, Park Pavilion, garden, garden pond, mountain pool, pool hall, other industry, Villa and so on, the United States and Britain are the countries known as the Garden, Park, Landscape G Their nature, scale is not exactly the same, but they all have one thing in common: that is, the scope of certain sections, the use and transformation of natural landscape or man-made landform landforms landscape opened up, combined with the planting and construction of plant layout, which constitute one for people to watch, open living Create such an environment the whole process (including design and construction included) generally referred to as "gardening" to study how to create such an environment, science is the "school " Landscape construction and people's aesthetic and social level of science and technology has always been that it was more to unite the local people or future living space is a kind of yearning in contemporary, garden site selection is not rigidly adhere to mountains, deep Great home office, and extensive building on the streets, transportation hub, residential areas, industrial areas and large-scale construction of the roof, use of materials from traditional plant extended to water, lighting, sound and other technical means of comprehensive

The particle is a garden in a small volume, simple, modeling chic, rich experience and location of appropriate for example a beautiful 樘 go through the window, and a fine set of air, a new exhibition and a clever of the garden, light, a concept unique sculpt and the convention on the seat by christine

关于园林工程行业未来发展趋势的论文

现代园林从本世纪20、30年代开始形成,是把现代艺术和现代建筑的构思运用于以世界园林绿地发展趋势为主线,根据建立可持续发展的城市园林绿化生态系统的

对生活环境的追求是人们永远的内容,这个行业前景很广的。

我相信很好,新鲜的空气,优美的环境,另人身心快乐。

我认为是发展前景非常好的行业,你想一想,现在人们买房是要挑环境的,小区的园林绿化景观 了等,要求会越来越高,所以这就是需求。

园林工程行业未来发展趋势的论文

随着我国整体经济的发展,人们生活水平也在逐步提升,对生态环境也提出了更高的要求,城市园林绿化行业也逐渐兴起。除此之外,城市化进程的加快也成为推动城市园林绿化行业发展的主要力量,过去几十年,中国城市化进程很快,城市人口迅猛增加,但由于以往在城市化建设过程中往往忽略了环境绿化建设。致使城市生态环境在这一进程过程中受到极大的破坏。面对不断恶化的生态环境,人们渴望自然,要求建设“生态城市”的呼声越来越高。城市园林绿化是城市生态系统的一个子系统,它在保持整个城市的生态平衡方面起积极作用,是实现城市可持续发展战略的重要生态措施,在城市建设中的重要性日益显著。  近年来,我国对城市绿化建设的投资力度也在不断加大。据前瞻产业研究院发布的《中国城市园林绿化行业市场前瞻与投资战略规划分析报告》数据显示,2001年至2010年全国城市绿化固定资产投资保持了快速增长的态势,投资额从47亿元增加至04亿元,年均增长速度已经基本赶上房地开发投资总额的增长速度。  随着投资力度的不断加大,我国城市园林绿化面积规模也在不断增加,2001年以来中国园林绿地面积逐渐扩大。截至2011年底,中国拥有园林绿地面积27万公顷,是2001年(7万公顷)的59倍。同时,中国建成区绿化覆盖率逐年上升,数据显示,2001年中国建成区绿化覆盖率为2%,2011年上升至62%,到了2012年,中国建成区绿化覆盖率达59%,11年间提高了11个百分点。  目前,我国城市园林绿化行业领域主要包含市政园林、地产景观、城市度假景观及城市生态湿地工程。而据前瞻产业研究院相关推算,中国市政园林工程市场容量在600亿元以上;而房地产市场高速成长给地产园林带来了超过1000亿左右的市场空间;度假景观方面,随着目前中国旅游休闲产业的快速发展,带动了我国旅游休闲度假地产的迅速升温,进而也直接带动了度假景观行业的快速发展;在生态湿地建设方面,截至2012年底,我国已建立了500多处湿地自然保护区,根据《全国湿地保护工程规划(2004-2030年)》的目标指出,到2030年,要使全国湿地保护区达到713个,国际重要湿地达到80个,使90%以上天然湿地得到有效保护。完成湿地恢复工程4万公顷,在全国范围内建成53个国家湿地保护与合理利用示范区。由此可见,我国湿地建设与未来规划仍有较大差距,生态湿地工程未来建设力度仍将加大。  依照前述计算,相较于政府投资,社会资金投资城市绿化行业已成为园林行业发展的主要增长面,而其中的居住区景观园林市场依托于商品住宅投资额的快速增长已成为中国园林行业发展的主要增长点。  未来,随着我国经济的不断发展,城镇化率的不断提升,房地产投资力度进一步加大及旅游休闲度假行业的不断发展,我国城市园林绿化行业还将持续向前。但从园林绿化的细分业务对未来企业业务进行分析,前瞻产业研究院分析认为:由于园林设计业务的毛利率为所有业务中盈利能力最强的业务(2012年,东方园林达57%,棕榈园林达11%,铁汉生态园林设计毛利率达63%),因此,未来,一些园林绿化行业企业仍将其重心集中在对此领域的开拓,除此之外,在绿化苗木销售的业务中,毛利率也相对较高(2012年,东方园林为23%,棕榈园林为26%;铁汉生态为76%),此业务也将成为企业继续抢占市场的主战场,而相对毛利率较低(普遍集中在20%-30%之间)的园林工程业务而言,未来,一些小型园林绿化行业企业可以选择将此业务逐步外包,重点拓展利润率较高的业务。  希望我的回答可以帮助到您。

应该会有很大的发展前景的。至少未来5年内是很有前景的,不过五年后就说不定了,很难说了

我也是生化系 可 不是你们 那专业

政策为行业提供增长动力园林指多数在城市地区进行以实现一定环境成果为目的的对户外公共及私人区域的改造及改善。园林业务主要包括绿化种植、地形重建、观光设施建设及道路规划。根据“十三五”规划,到2023年,中国人均公园绿地面积将达到4平方米,建成区的绿化覆盖率将达到8%。政府的城市绿化规划推动了城市绿地建设的需求,为园林行业发展提供了直接动力。城市化进程推动园林业发展近年来中国各地持续的城乡建设和城市扩张极大增加了园林服务的需求。但2017-2018年,政府颁布了一系列措施控制房地产市场过热发展。这两年中国房地产市场的发展放缓很大程度上限制了园林绿化市场的发展。2017-2018年我国园林行业市场呈下降趋势,2019年行业市场规模约为5698亿元。——更多数据请参考前瞻产业研究院《中国园林工具行业市场前瞻与投资战略规划分析报告》。

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