罗马斗兽场毕业论文

罗马斗兽场毕业论文

意大利罗马斗兽场 建於公元72年,高48公尺、占地16万平方米,是无数动物、斗士和囚犯的葬身地,开幕头百天庆典死了9000头野兽,历来约50万人命送“表演”中.举世闻名的罗马斗兽场或称竞技场实际上是一片断垣残壁.如果不是川流不息的游客进进出出,一个人站在那高耸入云的破墙头子底下,肯定会提心吊胆：谁知道这屹立了上千年的家伙会不会轰然倒塌,叫人葬身瓦砾之下呢?斗兽场的真实名称叫做“佛拉维欧圆形剧场”,由韦斯马列西亚诺皇帝始建于公元72年,而由他们的儿子提图皇帝完成于公元80年.可以说没有一页罗马史不多少与斗兽场有关,它简直已演变成为罗马生活和罗马需的标记.公元八世纪时,贝达神父曾预言“几时有斗兽场,几时便有罗马；斗兽场倒塌之日,便是罗马灭亡之时；罗马灭亡了,世界也要灭亡.”公元1084年,日尔曼人打进罗马城,古罗马城被洗劫一空,斗兽场也被人遗弃,一时曾成为人们挖掘大理石寻找建筑材料的来源.这部分地应验了贝达神父的预言.但罗马城仍旧存在,世界也没有灭亡,而且历史不断翻开新的篇章.构建这个庞然大物的封建帝王肯定不会想到,如今的斗兽场每天吸引着成千上万的游人,为后来人带来巨额收入,可谓有秀恰在不用时.斗兽场的整体结构有点象今天的体育场,或许现代体育场的设计思想就是源于古罗马的斗兽场.斗兽场呈椭圆形,长直径187公尺,短直径155公尺.从外围看,整个建筑分为四层,底部三层为连拱式建筑,每个拱门两侧有石柱支撑.第四层有壁住装饰,正对着四个半径处有四扇大拱门,是登上斗兽场内部看台回廊的入口.斗兽场内部的看台,由低到高分为四组,观众的席位按等级尊卑地位之差别分区.在斗兽场的内部复原图上,可以看出这个工程的浩大和壮观.但今天人们所能见到的已无完整看台的形象,只是原来支撑看台的隔墙尽管破败不堪,但甚高、甚大、甚巧,仍让人为往日的辉煌啧啧称奇.

人们常说：希腊有巴特农神庙，埃及有金字塔，罗马有斗兽场，巴黎有圣母院，东方有圆明园。我要说的是罗马的斗兽场，看了《角斗士》这部电影后，罗马的斗兽场在我心中留下了不可磨灭的印象。我看到了曾经斗兽场的辉煌，和被辉煌包围着的黑暗。古罗马斗兽场是辉煌的，它充满着浓厚的艺术气息，科学、规矩的格局，精美、华丽的工艺，它是罗马建筑的代表。斗兽场以磅礴、壮观的气势闻名于世界，它在建筑史上堪称典范的杰作和奇迹。复杂、华丽的斗兽场表现出罗马帝国强者的姿态，使世人都为之感慨。但古罗马让我记住的不是建筑的辉煌，而是斗兽场里的表演。古罗马斗兽场是专供统治者、贵族、奴隶主观看斗兽或奴隶角斗的地方。角斗士一般都是奴隶和俘虏，他们以性命搏斗着，被砍掉一只手，被切掉一块肉，直到失败者倒下。失败的人也许会裹着血的外衣死在场中，也许会由观众决定他的生死。他们用血淋淋的躯体来搏的贵族们一笑，人与人的互相残杀不但没有唤起那些上流社会人们的良知，还使他们看得不亦乐乎。公元80年斗兽场工程竣工时，举行了为期100天的庆祝典礼。古罗马统治者驱使5000头猛兽与3000名奴隶、战俘、罪犯上场殴斗，这种人与兽，人与人的血腥大厮杀居然持续了一百天，知道这3000条人命和5000头猛兽自相残杀、同归于尽。怪不得有人说，只要你在角斗台上随便抓一把泥土，放在手中一捏，就可以看到印在掌上的斑斑血迹。我仿佛看到了与血液融合在一起的泥土代表那黑暗时代的奴隶发出的凄惨的哀嚎。斗兽场本是辉煌的，但古罗马帝国的奴隶制社会使它被烙上了与之相悖——黑暗的烙印。点评：世界的杰作——罗马斗兽场600字作文，作者在文中写了古罗马斗兽场是辉煌的，它充满着浓厚的艺术气息，科学、规矩的格局，精美、华丽的工艺，它是罗马建筑的代表。

读了这篇文章我首先明确的是这片文章的主要内容，古罗马斗兽场的主要内容是：“我” 爸爸和妈妈来到了意大利首都——罗马。“我们”一起乘车去参观斗兽场。来到斗兽场后，首先看到的是斗兽场的门，这座占地两万平方米，墙高五十七米（相当于二十层楼房的高度）的巨型建筑的全貌就展现在“我们”面前。“我们”来到斗兽场里，眼前又浮出了两千多年前的情景：许许多多的角斗士活活丧命。到了从斗兽场出来时，天很晚了，“我”开始对斗兽场没兴趣了。 小作者在斗兽场看见了一个个角斗士活活丧命；听见了狮子的狂吼；感到了斗兽场的狰狞可怕。 初到罗马“我”的心情是迫切的，“我”迫切的想去参观斗兽场；在斗兽场门口，也是出于好玩，“我”“高兴极了”与“武士”摆出“决斗”的样子，并合影留念；走进斗兽场“我”依然兴致勃勃，又是“爬上”又是“跑下”；当站在斗兽场土地上，“我”产生了联想。从斗兽场出来“我”已对“穿着角斗士服装的武士”失去了兴趣。 读完后，我印象最深的是所见部分。因为这部分作者具体地说了斗兽场的里里外外，斗兽场的样子好美观，也想让我去看看，但里面一些惨杀的样子，让成千上万个角斗兵活活丧命，太残忍了! 人与人应是平等的，生命是宝贵 自由的，我们不应去践踏生命，而应去热爱生命 尊重生命。

斗兽场的结构就好像现代的体育场，呈椭圆形。从外观上看，它像个正圆形；从远看，则是椭圆形。它的大直径为188米，小直径为155米，周长为527米，其占面积约2万平方米。从外围观看，整个建筑分为四层，底部三层有柱式装饰，依次为多立克柱式，艾奥尼柱式，科林斯柱式，这些柱式也就是古代雅典里的三种柱式，第四层则壁柱装饰。中央的“表演区”长轴86米，短轴54米。座位分成60排，渐排升起，分为5区。底层第1区是王帝和贵族的座席，第二层为罗马阶级阶级较高的市民，第三则是平民区，在往上是阳台，一般上观众只能站在阳台看表演。 它位于罗马中心的壮观的斗兽场是罗马当时取悦凯旋而归的将领士兵和赞美伟大的罗马帝国而建的。至今大约2000年后的今天，每个大型的体育场的设计师源于古罗马的斗兽场。斗兽场在建筑史上称典范的杰作和奇迹，以龙大、雄伟、庄观称于世。

英语论文罗马斗兽场参考文献

只抄了古代部分，要看更近的历史去参考资料看吧 The Colosseum or Coliseum, originally the Flavian Amphitheatre (Latin: Amphitheatrum Flavium, Italian Anfiteatro Flavio or Colosseo), is a giant amphitheatre in the centre of the city of Rome. Originally capable of seating 45,000–50,000 spectators, it was used for gladiatorial contests and public spectacles. It was built on a site just east of the Roman Forum, with construction starting between 70 and 72 AD under the emperor Vespasian. The amphitheatre, the largest ever built in the Roman Empire, was completed in 80 AD under Titus, with further modifications being made during Domitian's reign.[1]The Colosseum remained in use for nearly 500 years with the last recorded games being held there as late as the 6th century — well after the traditional date of the fall of Rome in 476. As well as the traditional gladiatorial games, many other public spectacles were held there, such as mock sea battles, animal hunts, executions, re-enactments of famous battles, and dramas based on Classical mythology. The building eventually ceased to be used for entertainment in the early medieval era. It was later reused for such varied purposes as housing, workshops, quarters for a religious order, a fortress, a quarry and a Christian it is now in a severely ruined condition due to damage caused by earthquakes and stone-robbers, the Colosseum has long been seen as an iconic symbol of Imperial Rome and is one of the finest surviving examples of Roman architecture. It is one of modern Rome's most popular tourist attractions and still has close connections with the Roman Catholic Church and the Pope leads a torchlit "Way of the Cross" procession to the amphitheatre each Good A map of central Rome during the Roman Empire, with the Colosseum at the upper right of the Colosseum began under the rule of the Emperor Vespasian[1] in around 70–72. The site chosen was a flat area on the floor of a low valley between the Caelian, Esquiline and Palatine Hills, through which a canalised stream ran. By the 2nd century BC the area was densely inhabited. It was devastated by the Great Fire of Rome in AD 64, following which Nero seized much of the area to add to his personal domain. He built the grandiose Domus Aurea on the site, in front of which he created an artificial lake surrounded by pavillions, gardens and porticoes. The existing Aqua Claudia aqueduct was extended to supply water to the area and the gigantic bronze Colossus of Nero was set up nearby at the entrance to the Domus Aurea.[2]The area was transformed under Vespasian and his successors. Although the Colossus was preserved, much of the Domus Aurea was torn down. The lake was filled in and the land reused as the location for the new Flavian Amphitheatre. Gladiatorial schools and other support buildings were constructed nearby within the former grounds of the Domus Aurea. According to a reconstructed inscription found on the site, "the emperor Vespasian ordered this new amphitheatre to be erected from his general's share of the booty." This is thought to refer to the vast quantity of treasure seized by the Romans following their victory in the Great Jewish Revolt in 70. The Colosseum can be thus interpreted as a great triumphal monument built in the Roman tradition of celebrating great victories.[2] Vespasian's decision to build the Colosseum on the site of Nero's lake can also be seen as a populist gesture of returning to the people an area of the city which Nero had appropriated for his own use. In contrast to many other amphitheatres, which were located on the outskirts of a city, the Colosseum was constructed in the city centre; in effect, placing it both literally and symbolically at the heart of Colosseum had been completed up to the third story by the time of Vespasian's death in 79. The top level was finished and the building inaugurated by his son, Titus, in 80.[1] Dio Cassius recounts that 11,000 wild animals were killed in the one hundred days of celebration which inaugurated the amphitheatre. The building was remodelled further under Vespasian's younger son, the newly-designated Emperor Domitian, who constructed the hypogeum, a series of underground tunnels used to house animals and slaves. He also added a gallery to the top of the Colosseum to increase its seating 217, the Colosseum was badly damaged by a major fire (caused by lightning, according to Dio Cassius[3]) which destroyed the wooden upper levels of the amphitheatre's interior. It was not fully repaired until about 240 and underwent further repairs in 250 or 252 and again in 320. An inscription records the restoration of various parts of the Colosseum under Theodosius II and Valentinian III (reigned 425–450), possibly to repair damage caused by a major earthquake in 443; more work followed in 484 and 508. The arena continued to be used for contests well into the 6th century, with gladiatorial fights last mentioned around 435. Animal hunts continued until at least 523.[2]

Colosseo is a station on Line B of the Rome Metro. It was opened on 10 February 1955 and is located, as its name suggests, in the Monti rione on via del Colosseo near the Colosseum. The station is currently involved in the works preparing for the Metro's Line atrium houses mosaics from the Artemetro Roma Prize. They are by Pietro Dorazio (Italy), Kenneth Noland (USA) and Emil Schumacher (Germany)[1]. Its main exit is in front of the Colosseum, to the right of the arch of Constantine, whilst its other exit is on largo Agnesi towards San Pietro in Vincoli.

罗马斗兽场（义大利语：Colosseo、英语：Colosseum），原名弗拉维圆形剧场（Amphitheatrum Flavium），又译为罗马角斗场、科洛西姆竞技场。是古罗马帝国专供奴隶主、贵族和自由民观看斗兽或奴隶角斗的地方。

建于72-80年间，是古罗马文明的象征。遗址位于义大利首都罗马市中心，它在威尼斯广场的南面，古罗马市场附近。

从外观上看，它呈正圆形；俯瞰时，它是椭圆形的。它的占地面积约2万平方米，长轴长约为188米，短轴长约为156米，圆周长约527米，围墙高约57米，这座庞大的建筑可以容纳近九万人数的观众。

The Colosseum or Roman Coliseum, originally the Flavian Amphitheatre (Latin: Amphitheatrum Flavium, Italian Anfiteatro Flavio or Colosseo), is an elliptical amphitheatre in the center of the city of Rome, Italy, the largest ever built in the Roman Empire. It is one of the greatest works of Roman architecture and Roman has been estimated that about 500,000 people and over a million wild animals died in the Colosseum in the 21st century it stays partially ruined due to damage caused by devastating earthquakes and stone-robbers, the Colosseum is an iconic symbol of Imperial Rome and its breakthrough achievements in earthquake engineering. It is one of Rome's most popular tourist attractions and still has close connections with the Roman Catholic Church, as each Good Friday the Pope leads a torchlit "Way of the Cross" procession to the Colosseum is also depicted on the Italian version of the five-cent euro coin.

目录罗马毕业论文

毕业论文前几页设定好罗马数字，但生成的目录里前几页是阿拉伯数字。

当时我的处理办法是分档保存，首页一个文件，目录页的罗马数字一个文件，其他正文另存一个文件。然后分别打印装订。。。不知道能不能帮你

在正文第一页插入分页符下一页，然后插入页码页码格式在正文之前选为罗马数字格式，正文之后，为123等，参考文献啥的都和正文相同的页码。627850236，不行，我可以帮你拾掇拾掇的

目录不可少，教给大家一个我用的方法吧，有别的简单方法，我分享过，注意修改格式。现在说说我这个方法：1.一般目录分为n个级别，一般有3个级别（根据报告不同而不同）如图2.设置标题级别：选中需要设置级别（目录）的标题，右击选“段落”，如图。3.出现段落后设置级别：大纲级别选择1级，如图。同理，各个级别也这样选择。4.注意：每个标题写的文字格式最好一样，如（空格）球墨铸铁概况 那么下一个如（空格）球墨铸铁概况，（空格）球墨铸铁概况 也同样有空格，而且需要注意标点符号是英文点还是中文圈。如果这样弄会节省很多劳动力。如果格式都一样的话：选中标题，右击选择格式相似的文本，这样，格式类似的都会选中，可以一起设置级别，节省很多时间。5.插入目录：点击菜单栏上的插入-引用-索引和目录然后点击目录，选择好级别后即可。出现了目录，可以全选进一步修改格式（如字体大小、段落间距等） 超链接的形式，注意，修改文章正文之后要记得更新目录，如果不更新会使标题与页码对应不上，造成打印时显示为错误！未定义书签！。更新方法：右击目录，选择更新域，选择只更新页码（当没有改动标题的时候）或者更新整个目录（标题有改动）

毕业论文页码罗马数字

1、首先在电脑中打开Word文档，将下方的页码设置为罗马数字。

2、接着鼠标双击页面下方打开页眉页脚编辑状态，点击上方的页码按钮。

3、然后在弹出的下拉菜单中点击——设置页码格式选项。

4、然后打开对话框，在编号格式中找到罗马数字并点击下方的确定按钮。

5、这样就将页码设置成为罗马数字了，如下图所示就完成了。

插入页码——选择格式

在Word页码选项内直接设置为罗马数字即可，步骤如下：

所需材料：Word 2007示例。

一、打开Word文档，点击“插入”，接着点击“页码”，下拉菜单内点击“设置页码格式”。

二、展开格式，选择使用罗马数字，点击“确定”。

三、点击“页码”，选择任意一个页码位置选项，页码类型内随意点击一个都会自动转换成为罗马数字。

四、这时翻至其中一页底部查看，插入的页码已自动转换成为罗马数字。

第一步：在前几页结束的地方点“插入”——>“分隔符”作用是区别前几页和正文的内容；第二步：点击“视图”——>“页眉和页脚”你就能看到页眉和页脚了；还有页眉和页脚的设置框第三步：在起始页的页脚点击“页眉和页脚”设置框中的插入页码，并点击后面的“设置页码格式”，选。可能出现正文页脚有罗马页码的情况，也可能正文没页码，什么也没有。这时第一步就有它的意义了，在正文页先点击去掉“页眉和页脚”设置框中的，使其不要选中（意义是去掉与前面的关联），然后点“插入页码”，选择“页码格式”，选择数字的。这样就完成了...

毕业论文目录罗马页码

点击Word上方菜单，页面布局--分隔符--下一页--

选择插入--页脚--编辑页脚--链接前一页的页眉--保存键--页码-页面底端--普通数字2--页面格式设置--页码格式I ,II,III---起始页码I--确定--关闭页眉页脚；

阿拉伯数字设置同上

第一步：使用插入分节符功能

分节符功能：把论文分成几个部分，每个部分都使用不同的页码格

用方法：如果你想把论文分成不带页码、带罗马页码、带阿拉伯页码三个部分，那么你插入分节符的步骤是：①把光标放在罗马页码第i页的第一个字符前，插入分节符，②把光标放在阿拉伯页码第1页的第一个字符前，插入分节符。

☆注意，是在罗马数字第一页的首行插入，而不是不带页码封面的尾行。

检查是否分节成功：在大纲视图中看看有没有分节符这三个字

第二步：在封面首页的页脚处插入页码

插入后发现你的论文从第一张A4 纸到 最后一张A4纸的页码全部是阿拉伯数字，没关系，继续做下一步

第三步：设置罗马数字第i页的页码格式

i:找到你心中的罗马数字第i页，把光标放在可编辑的页脚处

第四步：设置阿拉伯数字页码第1页的页码格式

第五步：删除封面的页码：

把光标放在罗马数字第i页的页脚处

论文的页码设置罗马应该点击“插入页码”，“样式”选择罗马数字，应用范围选择本页及以后，点击确定。双击目录页的页尾，点删除页码，选择删除本页及之后的页码，点确定。 论文是古典文学常见论文一词，谓交谈辞章或交流思想。当代，论文常用来指进行各个学术领域的研究和描述学术研究成果的文章，简称之为论文。 它既是探讨问题进行学术研究的一种手段，又是描述学术研究成果进行学术交流的一种工具。它包括学年论文、毕业论文、学位论文、科技论文、成果论文等。

毕业论文页码设置罗马数字+阿拉伯数字的方法如下：假如文章共3页。第一页要用罗马数字，后两页用阿拉伯数字。word2007版本.第一步，鼠标选定第二页最前最前，依次点击“页面布局——分隔符——下一页”。第二步，鼠标选定第一页任意位置，依次点击“插入——页码——设置页码格式——罗马数字”。第三部，鼠标选定第二、三页任意位置，依次点击“插入——页码——设置页码格式——阿拉伯数字”。第四步，依次点击“页码——页面底端（选喜欢的）”。