小妇人论文英文文献

小妇人论文英文文献

《小妇人》出版后成为公认的美国名著，100多年以来，一直受到热烈的欢迎。我为大家带来几篇《小妇人》读后感供大家阅读。下面是我为你们整理的内容，希望你们喜欢。 小妇人读后感英文版篇1

Under the formidable war background, concerns national and collective destiny and the honor time, individual all are such not worthy of mentioning. Perhaps gradually will retreat its trace to a national war along with the years, but to an ordinary ordinary person, a bullet sufficiently will change his only life.

I think perhaps the man most sorrowful is inside this actor's final feeling, originally is most own two people simultaneously leaves himself.

" A FAREWELL TO ARMS " this novel quite successful, makes one feel clear credible, this is and the author has attended the First World War personally, and has been seriously injured, has stayed in the hospital, has the personal life to experience and directly felts the experience not to be able to separate. In performance method, what the author uses is the Chinese reader very familiar novel skill, namely lets character own words and deeds move the reader, but does not make any discussion, he is also good at causing the scenery and the plot, the character organically fuses in together, achieves serves the plot, character's positive effect. The novel is popular in the language aspect writing, uses some basic vocabularies, the sentence type to be simple mostly, mostly uses Jian Danju. Anglicizing, is very good, therefore is good for both young and old, appeals to both cultured and popular tastes, this is the artistic achievement which this novel obtains.

" A FAREWELL TO ARMS "opposed that war’s distinct subject and the mature artistic skill have had the emormous influence,the greatest degree had reflected after First World War,a youth generation the mood which visits the fear and is at a loss,is all the rage the world very quickly.

小妇人读后感英文版篇2

Today, i have read the book "Little Women" .The deepest feeling is it is simple to be happy! Happiness is kinship, friendship, health, labor and peace of mind. Having it, people just feel no

应该符合你的要求.第一段是总体介绍和写作背景,第二段是内容概括以及作品影响.不需要再去参考资料中找. Little Women is a novel published in 1868 and written by American author Louisa May Alcott. The story concerns the lives and loves of four sisters growing up during the American Civil War. It was based on Alcott's own experiences as a child in Concord, Massachusetts with her three sisters, Anna, May, and Elizabeth. Little Women is the story of The Marches, a family used to hard toil and suffering. Although Father March is away with the Union armies, the sisters Meg, Jo, Amy and Beth keep in high spirits with their mother, affectionately named Marmee. Their friendly gift of a Christmas holiday breakfast to a neighbouring family is an act of generosity rewarded with wealthy Mr. Laurence's gift of a surprise Christmas feast. However, despite their efforts to be good, the girls show faults: the pretty Meg becomes discontented with the children she teaches; boyish Jo loses her temper regularly; while the golden-haired schoolgirl Amy is inclined towards affectation. However, Beth, who keeps the house is always kind and gentle. After certain happy times winning over the Laurences, dark times arrive as Marmee finds out about her husband's illness. Worse is to come as Beth contracts scarlet fever in her Samaritan efforts for a sick neighbour and becomes more or less an invalid. The novel tells of their progress into young womanhood with the additional strains of romance, Beth's terminal illness, the pressures of marriage and the outside world. This is the story of their growing maturity and wisdom and the search for the contentedness of family life. It was written in 1867 and is a fictionalised biography of Alcott and her sisters. It has become a much loved classic tale and, while some of its issues seem outdated, many of the trials of the sisters are all too relevant today as evidenced by its continued following.

Alcott prefaces Little Women with an excerpt from John Bunyan’s seventeenth-century work The Pilgrim’s Progress, an allegorical novel about leading a Christian life. Alcott’s story begins with the four March girls—Meg, Jo, Beth, and Amy—sitting in their living room, lamenting their poverty. The girls decide that they will each buy themselves a present in order to brighten their Christmas. Soon, however, they change their minds and decide that instead of buying presents for themselves, they will buy presents for their mother, Marmee. Marmee comes home with a letter from Mr. March, the girls’ father, who is serving as a Union chaplain in the Civil War. The letter inspires the girls to bear their burdens more cheerfully and not to complain about their Christmas morning, the girls wake up to find books, probably copies of The Pilgrim’s Progress, under their pillows. Later that day, Marmee encourages them to give away their breakfast to a poor family, the Hummels. Their elderly neighbor, Mr. Laurence, whom the girls have never met, rewards their charitable activities by sending over a feast. Soon, Meg and Jo are invited to attend a New Year’s Party at the home of Meg’s wealthy friend, Sally Gardiner. At the party, Jo retreats to an alcove, and there meets Laurie, the boy who lives with Mr. Laurence. While dancing, Meg sprains her ankle. Laurie escorts the sisters home. The Marches regret having to return to their daily routine after the holiday visits Laurie when he is sick, and meets his grandfather, Mr. Laurence. She inadvertently insults a painting of Mr. Laurence in front of the man himself. Luckily, Laurie’s grandfather admires Jo’s spunk, and they become friends. Soon, Mr. Laurence meets all the sisters, and Beth becomes his special favorite. Mr. Laurence gives her his deceased granddaughter’s girls have various adventures. Amy is caught trading limes at school, and the teacher hits her as punishment. As a result, Mrs. March withdraws her daughter from school. Jo refuses to let Amy go with her to the theater. In retaliation, Amy burns Jo’s manuscript, and Jo, in her anger, nearly lets Amy drown while ice-s-kating. Pretty Meg attends her friend Annie Moffat’s party and, after allowing the other girls to dress her up in high style, learns that appearances are not everything. While at the party, she hears that people think she intends to marry Laurie for his year, the Marches form the Pickwick Club, in which they write a family newspaper. In the spring, Jo smuggles Laurie into one of the club meetings, and he becomes a member, presenting his new circle with a postbox. At the beginning of June, the Marches decide to neglect their housework. At the end of a lazy week, Marmee takes a day off too. The girls spoil a dinner, but everyone ends up laughing over it. One day, Laurie has English friends over, and the Marches go on a picnic with them. Later, Jo gets a story published for the first dark day, the family receives a telegram saying that Mr. March is sick in the hospital in Washington, . Marmee goes to tend to him, and Jo sells her hair to help finance the trip. Chaos ensues in Marmee’s wake, for the girls neglect their chores again. Only Beth goes to visit the Hummels, and after one of her visits, she contracts scarlet fever from the Hummel baby. Beth teeters on the brink of death until Marmee returns. Meanwhile, Amy spends time at Aunt March’s house in order to escape the disease. Beth recovers, though not completely, and Mr. Brooke, Laurie’s tutor, falls in love with Meg, much to Jo’s dismay. Mr. Brooke and Meg are engaged by the end of Part One. Three years pass before Part Two begins. Mr. March is home from the war, and Laurie is nearly done with school. Soon, Meg marries and moves into a new home with Mr. Brooke. One day, Amy decides to have a lunch for her art school classmates, but poor weather ruins the festivities. Jo gets a novel published, but she must cut it down in order to please her publishers. Meanwhile, Meg struggles with the duties of keeping house, and she soon gives birth to twins, Demi and Daisy. Amy gets to go to Paris instead of Jo, who counted on the trip, because their Aunt Carroll prefers Amy’s ladylike behavior in a begins to think that Beth loves Laurie. In order to escape Laurie’s affections for her, Jo moves to New York so as to give Beth a chance to win his affections. There Jo meets Professor Bhaer, a poor German language instructor. Professor Bhaer discourages Jo from writing sensationalist stories, and she takes his advice and finds a simpler writing style. When Jo returns home, Laurie proposes to her, but she turns him down. Beth soon and Laurie reunite in France, and they fall in love. They marry and return home. Jo begins to hope that Professor Bhaer will come for her. He does, and they marry a year later. Amy and Laurie have a daughter named Beth, who is sickly. Jo inherits Plumfield, Aunt March’s house, and decides to turn it into a boarding school for boys. The novel ends with the family happily gathered together, each sister thankful for her blessings and for each other.

小妇人论文文献有哪些

英】弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫：《妇女与小说》，上海译文出版社1986年版。2、【法】西蒙·波伏娃：《第二性：女人》，桑竹影、南珊译，湖南文艺出版社1986年版。3、孙绍先：《女性主义文学》，辽宁大学出版社1987年版。4、【美】贝蒂·弗里丹：《女性的奥秘》，四川人民出版社1988年版。5、【英】玛丽·伊格尔顿编：《女权主义文学理论》，胡敏等译，湖南文艺出版社1989年版。6、【英】伍尔夫：《一间自己的屋子》，王还译，书店1989年版。7、孟悦、戴锦华：《浮出历史地表》，河南人民出版社1989年版。 8、王绯：《女性与阅读期待》，陕西人民教育出版社1991年版； 9、张京媛主编：《当代女性主义文学批评》，北京大学出版社1992年版。10、【挪威】陶丽·莫依：《性与文本的政治：女性主义文学理论》，林建法等译，长春：时代文艺出版社1992年版。11、刘思谦：《“娜拉”言说——中国现代女作家心路纪程》，上海文艺出版社1993年版。 12、【美】莫瓦：《性别/文本政治》，春风文艺出版社1994年版。 13、康正果：《女权主义与文学》，中国社会科学出版社1994年版。

能看看你当时写的开题报告吗 做个参考

怎么写开题报告呢？首先要把在准备工作当中搜集的资料整理出来，包括课题名称、课题内容、课题的理论依据、参加人员、组织安排和分工、大概需要的时间、经费的估算等等。第一是标题的拟定。课题在准备工作中已经确立了，所以开题报告的标题是不成问题的，把你研究的课题直接写上就行了。比如我曾指导过一组同学对伦教的文化诸如“伦教糕”、伦教木工机械、伦教文物等进行研究，拟定的标题就是“伦教文化研究”。第二就是内容的撰写。开题报告的主要内容包括以下几个部分：一、课题研究的背景。 所谓课题背景，主要指的是为什么要对这个课题进行研究，所以有的课题干脆把这一部分称为“问题的提出”，意思就是说为什么要提出这个问题，或者说提出这个课题。比如我曾指导的一个课题“伦教文化研究”，背景说明部分里就是说在改革开放的浪潮中，伦教作为珠江三角洲一角，在经济迅速发展的同时，她的文化发展怎么样，有哪些成就，对居民有什么影响，有哪些还要改进的。当然背景所叙述的内容还有很多，既可以是社会背景，也可以是自然背景。关键在于我们所确定的课题是什么。二、课题研究的内容。课题研究的内容，顾名思义，就是我们的课题要研究的是什么。比如我校黄姝老师的指导的课题“佛山新八景”，课题研究的内容就是：“以佛山新八景为重点，考察佛山历史文化沉淀的昨天、今天、明天，结合佛山经济发展的趋势，拟定开发具有新佛山、新八景、新气象的文化旅游的可行性报告及开发方案。”三、课题研究的目的和意义。课题研究的目的，应该叙述自己在这次研究中想要达到的境地或想要得到的结果。比如我校叶少珍老师指导的“重走长征路”研究课题，在其研究目标一栏中就是这样叙述的：1、通过再现长征历程，追忆红军战士的丰功伟绩，对长征概况、长征途中遇到了哪些艰难险阻、什么是长征精神，有更深刻的了解和感悟。2、通过小组同学间的分工合作、交流、展示、解说，培养合作参与精神和自我展示能力。3、通过本次活动，使同学的信息技术得到提高，进一步提高信息素养。四、课题研究的方法。在“课题研究的方法”这一部分，应该提出本课题组关于解决本课题问题的门路或者说程序等。一般来说，研究性学习的课题研究方法有：实地调查考察法(通过组织学生到所研究的处所实地调查，从而得出结论的方法)、问卷调查法（根据本课题的情况和自己要了解的内容设置一些问题，以问卷的形式向相关人员调查的方法）、人物采访法（直接向有关人员采访，以掌握第一手材料的方法）、文献法（通过查阅各类资料、图表等,分析、比较得出结论）等等。在课题研究中，应该根据自己课题的实际情况提出相关的课题研究方法，不一定面面俱到，只要实用就行。五、课题研究的步骤。课题研究的步骤，当然就是说本课题准备通过哪几步程序来达到研究的目的。所以在这一部分里应该着重思考的问题就是自己的课题大概准备分几步来完成。一般来说课题研究的基本步骤不外乎是以下几个方面：准备阶段、查阅资料阶段、实地考察阶段、问卷调查阶段、采访阶段、资料的分析整理阶段、对本课题的总结与反思阶段等。六、课题参与人员及组织分工。这属于对本课题研究的管理范畴，但也不可忽视。因为管理不到位，学生不能明确自己的职责，有时就会偷懒或者互相推诿，有时就会做重复劳动。因此课题参与人员的组织分工是不可少的。最好是把所有的参与研究的学生分成几个小组，每个小组通过民主选举的方式推选出小组长，由小组长负责本小组的任务分派和落实。然后根据本课题的情况，把相关的研究任务分割成几大部分，一个小组负责一个部分。最后由小组长组织人员汇总和整理。七、课题的经费估算。一个课题要开展，必然需要一些经费来启动，所以最后还应该大概地估算一下本课题所需要 的资金是多少，比如搜集资料需要多少钱，实地调查的外出经费，问卷调查的印刷和分发的费用，课题组所要占用的场地费，有些课题还需要购买一些相关的材料，结题报告等资料的印刷费等等。所谓“大军未动，粮草先行”，没有足够的资金作后盾，课题研究势必举步维艰，捉襟见肘，甚至于半途而废。因此，课题的经费也必须在开题之初就估算好，未雨绸缪，才能真正把本课题的研究做到最好。

应该符合你的要求.第一段是总体介绍和写作背景,第二段是内容概括以及作品影响.不需要再去参考资料中找. Little Women is a novel published in 1868 and written by American author Louisa May Alcott. The story concerns the lives and loves of four sisters growing up during the American Civil War. It was based on Alcott's own experiences as a child in Concord, Massachusetts with her three sisters, Anna, May, and Elizabeth. Little Women is the story of The Marches, a family used to hard toil and suffering. Although Father March is away with the Union armies, the sisters Meg, Jo, Amy and Beth keep in high spirits with their mother, affectionately named Marmee. Their friendly gift of a Christmas holiday breakfast to a neighbouring family is an act of generosity rewarded with wealthy Mr. Laurence's gift of a surprise Christmas feast. However, despite their efforts to be good, the girls show faults: the pretty Meg becomes discontented with the children she teaches; boyish Jo loses her temper regularly; while the golden-haired schoolgirl Amy is inclined towards affectation. However, Beth, who keeps the house is always kind and gentle. After certain happy times winning over the Laurences, dark times arrive as Marmee finds out about her husband's illness. Worse is to come as Beth contracts scarlet fever in her Samaritan efforts for a sick neighbour and becomes more or less an invalid. The novel tells of their progress into young womanhood with the additional strains of romance, Beth's terminal illness, the pressures of marriage and the outside world. This is the story of their growing maturity and wisdom and the search for the contentedness of family life. It was written in 1867 and is a fictionalised biography of Alcott and her sisters. It has become a much loved classic tale and, while some of its issues seem outdated, many of the trials of the sisters are all too relevant today as evidenced by its continued following.

毕业论文小妇人人物

所有的人都有一定的缺点,而且这些缺点很难刻服,但只要下定了决心,心中有一个信念,就必定能刻服.长大需要历炼,成熟需要条件.

梅格是马奇家的老大，她爱跳舞，举止优雅，自尊心强，喜欢被人羡慕和称赞。她主要在家里做家务，偶尔写剧本和表演，代表着一个贤妻良母的传统形象。作为家里的长女，她充满母爱，总是像妈妈一样照顾妹妹。同时，她有很强的责任感，她渴望并羡慕别人的生活，她曾经很虚荣，当她因为贫穷而自卑时，她不忘采取其他措施弥补自己的缺点，她会用很多法语词汇谈论时尚，为了弥补贫穷时的落差，她的姐妹们把她打扮成一个看似富有的女人，但后来，她意识到爱情比金钱更重要，终于放弃了虚荣心，和贫穷但善良的布鲁克先生结婚了。

乔是马奇家的二女儿，性格完全不同，是小说中的核心角色。她比较男孩子气，与传统的淑女形象格格不入，讨厌那些应该属于女孩的东西，比如不化妆不穿裙子就想和男生打架。作为一个女孩，讨厌那些满腹少女怨念的傻女孩。她说话直截了当，缺乏心机。她会阅读自己喜欢的书，练习写作。虽然她很固执，脾气也很坏，但她很负责任。此外，乔有很强的责任感。当贝思感染猩红热时，她日夜照顾她。

贝思是马奇家的第三个女儿，她简单、善良、端庄，喜欢弹钢琴。她是懦弱、胆怯和害羞，使她无法正常完成学业，只能安全地呆在家里和家人在一起，帮忙做家务。为了她的音乐梦想，贝思敢于突破自我。在她很害羞地说她想学钢琴，但如果劳伦斯先生确保没有人能听到她的演奏，她就会去。可以看出贝思的天真和羞涩在这里得到了生动的体现。贝丝也乐于助人，但她在照顾哈梅尔太太的孩子们时染上了猩红热，从此永远离开了。

《小妇人》中的女性形象都有着自己的理想和信念：梅格是马奇家的长女，承担起帮助母亲照顾家庭的责任乔经过努力最终当上了作家，她是小说中最典型的女权主义代表，摒弃了女性身上应有的一些特质。

乔作为小说的核心主人公，充当着小姐妹的领导者，时时都表现出坚强乐观、自强自立的个性；她热爱写作，一方面因为写作给她带来快乐，另一方面，写作是她保持自立的一种方式，让她“能不向别人要一分钱而为自己提供所需要的一切。

她通过自己的不懈努力成为作家并开办学校，并且在婚后也强烈要求自立，要求“我要承受我那一份，我要忙着赚钱养家”，体现出女性在事业上的自强。

作品主题

《小妇人》中四姐妹亲密友爱，但作者奥尔科特却有意识地将她们分成两组，文中写到：“梅格是艾米的知己和导师，而由于某种相反性格之间的奇异吸引力，乔也成了贝思的知已和导师，这个腼腆女孩的心事只说给乔听；同时她对乔的影响也比家里的其他人大。

两个姐姐常常在一块，但是各自管着一个妹妹。”在这里，奥尔科特借着把四姐妹划分成两组来暗示其不同性格与当时社会的协调关系。

虽然乔与贝思在性格上完全是背道而驰，一个脾气暴躁，性烈如火，另一个却安分守己，温柔如水，但是两人在与社会的协调性上却有很多共同之处。乔

小妇人成长主题论文

是美国女作家路易莎·梅·奥尔科特根据对自己的家庭及成长过程的回忆，是一本小说化的家庭日记，一本道德家世小说。书中描写了一个家庭中四个迥异的女儿的成长历程。她们经历了一连串的生离死别与生活的磨炼，并在母亲的爱心教导下，终于脱去幼稚的外衣，发挥着各自所长走向成熟。马奇家四姐妹对自立的权力的追求以及她们对家庭的忠诚眷顾构成了一对贯穿全书的矛盾，使故事熠熠生辉，情节生动感人。梅格可以如何高贵、虚荣，却仍然属于马奇家的一员？乔的创造力和躁动的感情可以去到什么程度，而不至于扰乱家庭的安宁，贝思可以如何忘我无私，同时又得以生存下去？艾美可以表现得如何优雅、自私，却仍然得到家人的爱？四姐妹明智、自由地选择了自己的生活道路，她们的归宿虽然各不相同，但都是自强自立精神的结果。马奇家四姐妹对自主权力的追求，以及她们对家庭的忠诚眷顾，成为贯穿全书的两条主要线索《小妇人》一书，处处都受美国著名思想家爱默生的影响。爱默生强调人的个性与尊严，但又主张自我约束。而自立自强却是本书人物性格的共同点，梅格为爱而甘于贫困，乔通过自己的艰苦奋斗而最后成为作家，贝思坦然面对死亡以及以扶弱济困为已任的艾米，她们都具有这样的精神实质。

好多写这个作品的人物性格分析的

温馨的圣诞烛光 —浅议《小妇人》 在十九世纪上半叶崛起的美国妇女作家中，出现了一位出生于费城的作家，她的名字叫莎.梅.阿尔考特 ( I,o}rlsr}rnY nLCarr)。她的成名作《小妇人》以年轻读者为对象，成功地塑造了无与伦比的少女乔.马奇的形象，表现了一百多年前美国社会和家庭的文化价值取向以及拓荒精神。阿尔考特也写过其他的作品，但这本书 却受到美国及其他国家的青睐，百余年来，仍脍炙人口，历久不衰，并曾被好莱坞搬上银幕，一再放映。《小妇人》 出版后，美国文坛也引以为傲，因为他们终于也产生了一部可以和英国女作家奥斯汀的《傲慢与偏见》媲美的文学杰作。 《小妇人》全书20余万字，人物包括一个家庭中父母及四个年幼的女儿，邻人，以及他们交往的几个朋友。故事情节贯穿了两个圣诞节，描述一年中四个待嫁的女儿生活周遭发生的点点滴滴的生活琐事。作者文笔描写细腻，人物对话饶富趣味，语调平淡哀惋。无论从情节、人物，还是字数来说，《小妇人》都是一本“小”书，但却是一部杰作，一部令读者阅后难以忘怀的小说，因为她的叙述中显示了一个伟大的主题。这个主题就是友爱、互助、自强不息以及美国民族早期所具有的拓荒者的精神。 所谓拓荒者的精神(PIONEER SPIRTI')，是美国建国之初，在早期移民中产生的一种生活、生存意识。他们披荆斩棘，力启山林，与各种灾难搏斗，用必胜的意志和信念去面对和建设全新的世界。这种生活意识已成为美国 民族社会创业的精神基石，为美国创造了伟大的业绩，同时也成了全人类不断开拓谋求发展的宝贵精神遗产。 拓荒者的精神不仅成为美国社会的普遍意识和精神沉淀，也同时被美国的许多作家作为显形意识而引入文学的主题。从19世纪初叶梅尔维尔的《白鲸记》，梭罗的《湖滨散记》，凯塞的《我的安东妮尔》，以及近代史坦贝克《伊甸园东》等，书中皆隐然地注人了这种意识，或是对这种意识所产生的社会面的各种回应。这些以不同角度写出的作品都成了美国文学的名著。但《小妇人》似乎另具一番柔美的魅力。书中没有一望无际的荒原，没有惊心动魄的起伏情节，但它以生动活泼的笔调，道出四个年幼女儿，在父亲在外作战未归，家庭困苦中一年来的奋斗历程，从细琐的生活中娓娓透出崎岖的生活情景。它的开场很不凡，四个小女儿在客厅中每人一句的对话中，不仅道出她们的心境，也生动地给家庭状况作了简明的素描。同时，也不知不觉地把读者拉进了这揭开的帷幕，随着她们融人了剧中情景。这几小段文字是: 绍一面躺在地毯上，一面嘴里咕噜着说:“如在圣诞节没有礼物，怎样可算是圣诞节呢?，美克低声叹着气，对着她破旧的衣服感慨地说，“贫穷，是最可怕的了。” 小的爱米带着啼嘘的神情，插进来说:“在世界上有许多女孩子有许多很好的东西。 有许多却什么都没有，这未免太不公平了。”倍斯从屋角里，显出得意的态度说着:“但是我们无论如何是父母双全，并且还有姊妹呢!” ……“然而我们现在的父亲呢?并且他不能在最近期内使我们见到他，”绍这样暗然地说。 这是《小妇人》的“开卷第一回也”。生动的字幕，隐隐地透出本书幕后将来可能发牛的种种。对父亲的思念，家计困难下的烦恼，年长姐姐对情感的困扰·一均在小桥流水式的笔触下一幕幕的展开，直到父亲在第二年的圣诞节回家，全家才结束了这困苦跋涉的一年。 《小妇人》全书充满了大量柏拉图式的对话:母亲对女儿们的开导，姐妹之间的慰诫，邻人朋友之间充满友爱互助的交谈，莫不以挚诚的语气道出，使人读后油然产生亲切的共鸣。小说在对话中包涵着大批启示性的谈话，这在创作上是一个大胆的尝试。低手笔的作家往往会弄巧成拙，沦为教条性的口号或说教，但阿尔考特却处理得极为自然。她之所以把这些大道理不露痕迹地融入日常的对话中而不令人生厌，主要是把握了一个道出“真实”的原则。托尔斯泰曾说:“在人生中也象在艺术中一样，有一件事很必要，那就是道出真实。”阿尔考特便把握住了这一点，她在《小妇人》中以真实的态度，道出了生活中的点点滴滴，用“真诚”说出他们心中的情感和对生活的看法。 <小妇人》所述的虽是儿女身边的琐事，但琐细的情节中常常出现极感人的段落:四个姐妹和妈妈正准备欢 度圣诞的早晨，母亲说出附近一个贫苦的女人和一个生了不多时的婴孩躺在那里，她们没有取暖的炉，为了不受寒冷，还有六个没有东西吃的孩子紧紧拥抱着挤在一张床上·。…于是，四个姐妹在母亲的建议下，将她们的早餐 送往这个贫苦的家庭，作为圣诞礼物。另外，在全书进行到大半时，家中突然收到父亲在华盛顿身染重病的不幸消息，母亲一时手足无措，热心的邻人慷慨解囊，终于让短缺旅费的母亲启程前往，得以使卧病远方的父亲获得照料和康复，喜爱音乐，梦想有一架钢琴的年幼儿女，在日后获得邻人赠送一座新钢琴时热泪盈眶的喜悦……凡此种种充满了友爱及人情味的文字不胜枚举。 任何国家的文学名著，会很自然地受到其他经典大师们的影响，尤其是自己本国的前辈作家们。《小妇人》自亦不例外。拓荒和发挥爱心的精神，以及对拓荒后美国社会出现的形形色色的困扰现象，在阿尔考特以前的许多作家中，皆以不同形式的笔调显示出。在她之前，也可以说是她前辈中，出现了数位把美国文学推至高峰的大师。这些人是惠特曼、梭罗、梅尔维尔、霍桑等，他们皆以不同的风格，给美国拓荒后的社会，留下诸多感人而不朽的著作。1x19年出生的惠特曼，以天马行空，一泄千里的笔法，写出了代表当时美国东西部开拓精神的《草叶集》;梅尔维尔以光怪陆离的笔法写出刻画美国冒险精神的《白鲸记》;梭罗则对当时美国拓荒者开创的繁荣社会作出反抗性的回应，他以返璞归真的态度一人跑到幽静的华尔腾居住，写出静化心灵的《湖滨散记》。阿尔特或多或少都受到他们的一些影响。而在这些她前辈的名家中，她似乎特别推崇梭罗。梭罗是她父亲的好友，过往颇密，幼年的阿尔考特纯洁的心灵很可能无形中受到他的感染，梭罗对当时美国专重财富的堕落无法忍受的心态，后来在《小妇人》书中淋漓透出。阿尔考特在1865年所出版的第一部小说《抑恋》，有的文学分析家认为是阿尔考特倾心于梭罗而写的。不知终生未嫁的阿尔考特，在她情感的核心处是否与这有关? 如果是从拓荒及友爱这个主题精神来看，阿尔考特的《小妇人》不唯有“承先”的影子，同时也可熊给后来的美国文化产生了“启后”的作用。这个蛛丝马迹的现象可从维娜.凯塞写的《我的安东妮亚》以及在1968年去世的史坦贝克代表作《伊甸园东》中可看到。凯塞女士的《我的安东妮亚》，描绘了美国垦拓时期居民和大自然的斗争以及人和自然的相互接纳。优美的笔调写出田野的风光与靠土地为生的纯朴居民和土地相喜相泣，共同成长的生活画面。史坦贝克的《伊甸园东》，不仅生动地描述了一个移居到西部的家庭史，同时在情节中深刻地表露了人类在共同努力开创美满生活中所应有的忍耐和宽恕。两书皆以不同的角度提升了《小妇人》中拓荒和友爱的主题。我们无法在这些近代名家的文学传记中找到他(她)们相互影响的确证，但我们很容易发现，他(她)们对这类精神皆有极深厚的认同和体悟。 20余万字的《小妇人》中，前后包括了两个圣诞节，一头一尾，前后照应，以圣诞节开始，又以圣诞节结束。美国文学中提到圣诞节的不止这一本，有的是在情节中自然出现，有的是一笔带过。像《小妇人》这种头尾连续出现两次的情况实不多见。前面提到《白鲸记》，故事就是从一个圣诞节开始的，但那与书中发展的情节并无多大的关联，写的是一群具有冒险犯难精神的水手，在圣诞节那天启程开航，走向惊涛骇浪的大海，最后遇到白鲸，全船和白鲸搏斗，人船俱毁，仅有一人生还。作品固然伟大磅礴，但给人一种惊心动魄的悲壮感。不若《小妇人》那样，给人带来的是乐观进取、亲切温和。阿尔考特似乎也隐然强调:人在应该欢乐的时光中经常会有不幸的事情发生，但为迎接另一个美好的时光，必须作出努力和付出牺牲，《小妇人》一家由父亲不在，没有礼物的圣诞节开始，一直到父亲在第二个圣诞节回家团聚的跋涉困苦一年中，对这种精神作了真实写照。 新大陆的发现已有五百年，新大陆的居民也历经了五百个圣诞节。节日的意义并没有改变，但开国两百年的美国却发生了显著的变化。它从18世纪的移居，19世纪的开拓，20世纪的鼎盛，而在本世纪末期高度繁荣发达的背后却呈现了退化和堕落:人与人之间的疏离，享乐主义，经济萧条，失业者剧升，罪犯增加，社会道德沉沦 等等相继并起。这也是二百年前美国的一批开国先贤所始料未及的。

小妇人论文题目有哪些

Introductionprint Print document PDF list Cite link LinkLittle WomenLouisa May AlcottThe following entry presents criticism on Alcott's novel Little Women. See also Louisa May Alcott Nineteenth-Century Literary is now known as Little Women includes both the original work by that title and its sequel, Good Wives. Written by Louisa May Alcott in 1868 and 1869 respectively, together these works have been long established as primary within the canon of juvenile literature and are considered by many to be the first children's books in America to break with the didactic tradition. Alcott introduced realism and entertainment to American children's literature, thereby achieving commercial success unknown to her moralizing contemporaries. Little Women is still read worldwide May Alcott was born in Germantown, Pennsylvania in 1832, and raised in Concord, Massachusetts, and Boston. She was the second of four daughters of Abigail May Alcott and Amos Bronson Alcott, a Transcendentalist, educational reformer, and well-known writer. Louisa, though more commercially successful than her father, faced many obstacles to the literary career she envisioned for herself. As a woman writer, she was expected to write sentimental and moralizing tales, and in order to earn a living as a writer, she was expected to cater to the sensational cravings of her audience. Although she did both successfully until her death in 1888, many critics argue that with Little Women, Alcott countered sensationalism with realism and subverted the moralizing purpose she often appeared to and Major CharactersIn Part I, while Mr. March is away as a volunteer chaplain in the Civil War, the March girls, Meg, Jo, Beth and Amy, embark on "pilgrimages" toward selfimprovement, with the inspiration of John Bunyan's religious allegory, The Pilgrim's Progress (1678). Their journeys, though, are largely determined by their own consciences and will rather than by dogma. Meg learns to overcome her vanity, Jo to overcome excessiveness and temper, Amy, greed and selfishness. Beth is already saintly and seems not to need change, but ironically, it is an act of charity—a visit to a sick infant—which results in the scarlet fever that weakens her health and precipitates her into this haven are neighbors Theodore Laurence (Laurie) and his grandfather, who are far from stock patriarchal figures; they are, rather, admirers who crave and aspire to the domestic peace enjoyed by the Marches. Laurie and Jo develop a close friendship that intrigued Alcott's readers, but she avoided the conventional romantic plot by refusing to have them marry. Jo, an unconventional girl who thinks of herself as the "man of the house" while her father is away, is more interested in developing her art and financially supporting her family than II of Little Women, originally published separately as Good Wives, focuses on the girls' transitions into adulthood. Meg marries John Brooke, Laurie's tutor—a financially difficult but happy match. Amy loses some of her passion for art and marries Laurie after he has been refused by Jo and has recovered from the blow. Beth dies before she can reach adulthood, but her loss inspires Jo to take up her domestic role. Jo eventually marries Professor Bhaer, a middle-aged academic with whom she shares philosophical interests. They open a boys' school, where she, no longer a tomboy, becomes a mother-figure for the ThemesAlcott's earlier work, often published under the pseudonym A. M. Barnard, is generally characterized by sensational characters and plots, violence, melodrama, and romance—all consistent with the expectations of her readers. When asked to write a "girl's book," Alcott was yet again forced to write according to others' interests, but in this case she opted for more realism than sensationalism by choosing the only girl-hood she knew for her subject—her own. Based on her life, and that of her sisters, Anna, Elizabeth, and May, Little Women follows the adolescence of the girls into adulthood, captures their private, domestic experience concretely, delineates their matriarchal haven of comfort and frugality, dramatizes their creative play, and explores their struggles to become artists, good sisters, and eventually happy wives. Although the culture of her time demanded that Alcott produce moralizing tales, she displayed a certain amount of resistance to that mandate in Little Women, preaching moderation rather than excessive religious molding. The girls are guided less by rigid moral strictures than by their strong sense of family, sometimes conveyed by words of wisdom from mother Marmee, but more often by a need to get along as a sisterly community. In part II this theme of sisterly love expands to include marriage and the formation of new families, with new roles for the three surviving sisters as good wives. Self-improvement, social responsibility, domestic cooperation, and matriarchal power, as well as the importance of play and artistic development, all serve as prominent themes in Little ReceptionThe influence of Little Women has been vast, but historically limited to a female readership. Early critics received the novel with sentimental praise and an appreciation of Alcott's ability to meet the minds of her child readers, a view shared by Angela Brazil in her 1922 review. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Alcott was appreciated, like many American women writers, as merely a local colorist with a talent for portraying the domestic sphere concretely. In academia, her novel was studied only by the scholars of children's literature until the 1960s and 1970s, when it came under closer scrutiny by feminist critics, some of whom were frustrated with its outdated sentimentality, others of whom dismissed it because it seems to uphold the traditional separation of men's and women's spheres (public vs. private). In the 1980s, the new emphasis on expanding the canon to include marginalized writers and works associated with popular culture brought more attention to Little Women. It has achieved importance within Women's Studies and the American literary canon in general for its detailed descriptions of nineteenth-century family life and of female struggles for social identity. As Carolyn Heilbrun suggests, Little Women has been particularly influential on female readers in the twentieth century who, craving models of female autonomy, found one, at least briefly, in Alcott's character Jo. Recent critics have continued in this positive vein, calling further attention to the subversive elements in Little Women, recasting Jo as an early feminist who, like her creator, made the most of the limited possibilities open to women in her time.希望对楼主有帮助， 不满意请留言

美国文学作品，这里面你自己选吧1、“引起一场大战的小妇人”（林肯语）斯托夫人——美国最早的现实主义小说，揭露蓄奴制野蛮丑恶的《汤姆叔叔的小屋》2、浪漫主义作家霍桑——长篇代表作《红字》，《玉石雕像》《带七个尖角阁的房子》，短篇小说集《重讲一遍的故事》《古屋青苔》3、“把害怕发展到恐惧，把奇特变成怪异和神秘”的爱伦·坡——恐怖小说：著名短篇小说《厄舍古厦的倒塌》《黑猫》《红色死亡假面舞会》，推理小说《莫格街谋杀案》《被窃的信件》《金甲虫》4、惠特曼——唯一的诗集《草叶集》，共383首诗。5、麦尔维尔——“捕鲸百科全书”《白鲸》6、马克·吐温——长篇小说《汤姆·索亚历险记》，童话小说《王子与贫儿》《亚瑟王朝廷上的康涅狄格州美国人》，讽刺小说《百万英镑》《败坏了赫德莱堡的人》《竞选州长》7、德莱塞——长篇小说《嘉莉妹妹》《珍妮姑娘》《天才》，“欲望三部曲”《金融家》《巨人》《禁欲者》，轰动美国的“美国最伟大的小说”《美国的悲剧》8、欧·亨利——《爱的牺牲》《麦琪的礼物》《最后一片藤叶》《警察和赞美诗》等，他的三百多篇短篇小说，大都收在《四百万》《西部之心》《城市之声》《善良的》等集子里。9、1950年诺贝尔文学奖获得者福克纳——《圣殿》《八月之光》《押沙龙、押沙龙》《喧嚣与疯狂》——“约克纳帕塔法世系小说”10、杰克·伦敦风格粗犷、充满力量的“硬汉文学”——《北方的奥德塞》《热爱生命》《海狼》《铁蹄》《马丁·伊登》11、1954年诺贝尔文学奖获得者创立简洁文风的海明威——长篇小说《太阳照样升起》，以第一次世界大战为题材的《永别了，武器》，反映西班牙内战的《丧钟为谁而鸣》，第二次世界大战后举世闻名的《老人与海》12、获得诺贝尔奖，小说大都以中国为背景的女作家赛珍珠——获奖小说《大地》，她还把《水浒传》译成了英文。13、女作家马格丽特·米切尔——美国内战为背景的《飘》14、黑人文学，哈利——《根》

学术堂整理了十五个英美文学方面的毕业论文题目供大家进行参考：1、 透过《傲慢与偏见》看现代社会爱情观2、生与死的抗争--《厄舍古厦的倒塌》主题解读3、浅谈“欧·亨利式结尾”及其文学影响4、从宗教角度解读简爱的多重性格5、从女权主义角度剖析《小妇人》中的乔6、 “英雄”的陨落--悲剧美学角度分析《老人与海》7、 从《菊花》中看女主人公Elisa实现自我价值的障碍8、奉献与宽容---浅析《双城记》中的仁爱精神9、 《格列佛游记》中对理性的反思与批判10、浅析《警察和赞美诗》的戏剧化特色11、一场失败革命的反思---论《动物庄园》中所表现的象征意义12、论詹姆斯·乔伊斯《阿拉比》的精神顿悟13、从后印象主义角度解读《到灯塔去》中的双性同体观14、 从中西方道德观差异谈《伊利亚特》与《封神演义》人物品德15、 韦伯《猫》中的女性主义