中西方思维方式对比英语论文题目

中西方思维方式对比英语论文题目

论中西方文化差异如何调动学生学习英语的自主性大学生英语自主学习探究中西方色彩表意差异

Western novels in comparison First， Western novels in the history of the development of Western novels are based on myths and legends of its In ancient times， science developed， out of fear of nature， the working people out of the imagination is the key to many of the world "God"， describing the personification of God is a myth; who will describe the deified， that is China opened the world's Pan story， the story of San Juan Five Emperors， the West Greek mythology， Roman mythology， Norse mythology， and so on are all typical East and West， the original novel， is closely linked with the history， as historical records complement the China Pre-Qin prose in the fable， the Han dynasty in the history books， biographies， the Wei and Jin Zhi， Zhi-person novel; the West of ancient Babylon， "the United States and Ji Jia disabilities epic"， in ancient Greece， "Homer's epic，" "Aesop's Fables "And so on， fall into this category， fiction， novels such novels have been about the characteristics of fiction， it is still not the literary creation， directly from the private collection record， so this type of fiction plot is relatively simple， writing rough Ban Gu said， "On the Street Lane words， hearsay are made of" is a novel kind of accurate assessment of the China's Tang Dynasty， the novel is only from history and literature become a Tang Dynasty culture has developed， the author's ideas are more open， the legend came into being at this time， Li Zhaowei "Liu Yi Chuan"， Po Chu's "Everlasting Regret，" Wolf's "Everlasting Regret Chuan" And so on， are made in accordance with the creation of the For the fictional story of the Tang Dynasty more emphasis on imagination and literary talent， not just the history of the nature of things， but as the history of Zhi Zhi who is also the novel did not The Legend of the Song Dynasty to the novel on a gradual decline， which followed the rise of this so that after processing will become a scholar so many novel and Romance novels such as "Romance of the Three Kingdoms"， "Outlaws of the Marsh"， "Journey to the W" The author of such novels is the use of private creative and re-created to describe the circumstances of the touching scenes of brilliant and vivid active in shaping the character known， there are obvious story-telling style of Here by the redevelopment， it will become an independent literary creation rather than things to come together with the civil process， the representative of this type is the "Golden Lotus"， it was an open and ordinary life on the road， the reality is that literature has come a long way The development of the latter's "A Dream of Red Mansions" in ancient China Geng Shiba realism to the novels of the "54" after the novelist began to learn from China's western fiction writing practices， and gradually out a new Western novels， is the "Renaissance" after the rapid development of The development of the Middle Ages novel near-stagnation in the West， 14， the end of the century "Renaissance" to overthrow the literature of the Church of control， 15， appeared in the western end of the century to promote freedom of thought and the liberation of personality in order to describe the reality of life and portray characters from all walks of life for the content of the Humanist novels， is to tie in with this type of novel anti-feudal Europe at the time of arising at the same time it also set the novel in the West to human describing the tone of the main Jiaqiu Italy's "Decameron"， Spain's Cervantes "Don Quixote" is the kind of representative works of The resulting novel is a classical， elegant favor of its national language to standardize the writing of this novel in 17th century France's most well- As a note on behalf of Corneille's "Cid" neoclassical story of the rise of Western novels have been a language substantially The beginning of the 18th century to promote popular science knowledge， enlightenment of the public consciousness for the purpose of the Enlightenment novels， of which there are relatively well-known German Goethe's "Faust"， the United Kingdom Defoe's "Robinson Crusoe" and the Swift "Gulliver's Travels" and so on， this type of novel to the emergence of the bourgeois revolution at the time to mold public In the 19th century， romantic fiction， realistic novels and critical realism novel turn to occupy the leading position in the field of Romantic novels， such as France Victor Hugo's "Notre Dame de Paris"， Goethe's "juvenile Witt of trouble" and so on， imaginative， unusual ideas， language and imaginative， strong Efforts to reflect the reality of the novel is the essence of life， and depict typical life of a typical phenomenon in the United Kingdom Dickens， France and Germany are of such novels as a representative of the Critical realism novels exposed the efforts of the decadent feudal system and capitalist society， the dark， in-depth criticism of the reality of evil， France Balzac and Maupassant， the United Kingdom of Charlotte， Bronte， Russia's Tolstoy， Dostoevsky， the United States of a large number of writers such as Mark Twain's works belong to this Value today， the three novels in the West is still the most important of the three types of literary East-West novel on the history of the development of more or less the Second， the characteristics of the novel in the West In addition to the basic characteristics of the novel， the story of the West also have their own characteristics are as follows: 1， the traditional Chinese novel attention to the characters， language and the details of the description， in contradiction to the conflict to display the images， but the character of a single， small changes in the absence of the main Western novels are more people pay attention to the psychological description， stressed that mining figure in the subconscious mind， good at writing full， the changes in the strong sense of the main Again， "coach Lin Feng Snow Mountain Temple" in the figure is only through dialogue and action leads to contradictions and conflicts， but Anna Karenina Wogui before a series of conflicts only with his description of the psychological will be able to express their clear; for poetry in Lin In the performance of her literary talent， and Paul with his inner monologue of the ideal; Zhang Zhong-Yong has only the character， but Jane Eyre's character is the brave， strong， warm， kind-hearted， and so many of the character and rubbing and Cheng' In short， people in the area described in the West has its own unique 2， China compared with Western fiction novel plot twists and turns more and more complete Plot twists and turns， the story is complete fiction China's unique traditional The Wei and Jin Zhi Zhi people on the novel twists and turns with vivid Tang legend in the layout of many of the famous， magnificent anomaly， rigorous and clever， dramatic plot The contents of the Ming and Qing Dynasties novels scattered irregular， undulating waves， Cuoluoyouzhi， careful structure， an integral "A Dream of Red Mansions"， everywhere She Fu， Hui turning point， the story of Jia's best Western plot in respect of the outstanding works， although there are many， but it can not be compared with the Chinese 3， concise and lively Chinese language novel， rich in content and rich Western Chinese folk artists absorbed the novel language， at the same time inherited the fine traditions of ancient prose， often a few words will be able to outline the incident or the Western novels in the author includes a broad range of knowledge， involve the community in many ways， so rich in content and rich people can gain knowledge in many Engels said he was in Balzac's novel about 19th century France's domestic situation than he received any reports are Western novels have different characteristics， and also in the West different aesthetic concepts to a certain extent 4， Western novels have been the rule of the feudal culture of oppression Chinese feudal culture makes the development of the novel is extremely difficult， Ming and Qing Dynasties more people to write stories for shame， so many great writers living， creating the conditions are not covered， many of the great works of authors who do not Western novels in the feudal culture makes almost the whole of the Middle Ages in the development of extremely slow， and many talented writers were forced to church services， wrote some of the religious nature of the article dry Third， Western novels in the future prospects for the development of End of the Qing Dynasty， China and the West have begun to understand the other side of the system， the advantages of the novel in the West have been constantly learn from each Of course， due to historical reasons， the Chinese side of the draw a little To this day， the novelist in the West efforts are still two researchers in the novel's artistic charm， although the different languages of each other's appreciation of the arts to a certain extent， but the United States are We have every reason to believe that in the near future， the novel art in the West will ultimately learn from each other and integrate， develop and reach new artistic References: "Foreign Literature" Shanghai Translation Publishing House Zhou Xu Liang "Contemporary Literature election，" Zhang Zhong， such as Beijing University Publishing House "Chinese literature history of the development of" Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House Liu Jie "Literary History of Europe" People's Literature Publishing House Yangzhou Han Wu Da-yuan Zhao Rui radish "Three high school language textbook used by the five dates of the" People's Education Press仅供参考，请自借鉴。希望对您有帮助。

汉英禁忌词语对比论中西方思维方式之异同汉英句式差异的思维根源

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中西方思维方式对比英语论文

中国与西方教育的差别，首先体现在家庭教育上，中国父母在对待孩子的教育是处于一个指导性的，对孩子命令式的教育，规划孩子的一切，使他们自己的支配范围下，而且是孩子处于一个温室的模式，不注重孩子独立能力的培养。然而西方的家庭教育截然不同，父母与孩子首先是处于一个平等的地位，给孩子足够的四维空间，并注重孩子的独立自主意识和能力。其次，中国与西方的不同体现于学校教育，中国式的教育是硬式教育，学校根据父母和社会的需要，对孩子进行强制教育，不考虑孩子的感受。而且中国是教育是分数决定一切，只要做对试卷上的考题就行，没有考虑到开放学生的思维，实行“满堂灌”。而西方教育却是以学生为中心，以开发学生的思维为主要，更多的锻炼学生的动脑动手能力。因材施教，启发式的教育。两种教育的最后的结果是什么呢？我想这点很清楚了，从西方国家的科学技术水平上就可以看出，从西方的先进的思想就可以看出了。当然，也不能就此否决东方教育，只是我认为在今后的日子里可以更多把西方的一些先进教学理念与中国的教育结合起来，创造一个全新的中国特色社会主义教学方式。在此，仅把我的期望寄托在未来。Chinese and western education differences， in a first embodiment of family education， Chinese parents in the treatment of children's education is in a directive， command type on children education， planning for all children， make their area of control， and it is the child in a greenhouse model， do not pay attention to children 'independent ability However， the western family education are quite different， parents and children is the first in a equal status， give the child enough four-dimensional space， and pay attention to the child's awareness and ability to stand on one's Secondly， Chinese and Western different embodiment in school education， Chinese education is hard education according to the school， parents and social needs， for the children of compulsory education， do not consider the feelings of But China is education is decided by the score of all， so long as the examination questions on the line， do not take into account the open students' thinking， execute " chalk and talk" Western education is take the student as the center， to develop the students' thinking as the main， more exercise students hands-on minds Teach students in accordance with their aptitude， heuristic Two kinds of education， the final result is what? I think this is very clear， from the western country science and technology level can be seen， from the western advanced ideas can be Of course， nor is this veto Oriental Education， I just think that in the future may be more put in some western advanced teaching idea and Chinese education together， to create a new teaching mode of socialism with Chinese Here， only put my hope in the

Western novels in comparison First， Western novels in the history of the development of Western novels are based on myths and legends of its In ancient times， science developed， out of fear of nature， the working people out of the imagination is the key to many of the world "God"， describing the personification of God is a myth; who will describe the deified， that is China opened the world's Pan story， the story of San Juan Five Emperors， the West Greek mythology， Roman mythology， Norse mythology， and so on are all typical East and West， the original novel， is closely linked with the history， as historical records complement the China Pre-Qin prose in the fable， the Han dynasty in the history books， biographies， the Wei and Jin Zhi， Zhi-person novel; the West of ancient Babylon， "the United States and Ji Jia disabilities epic"， in ancient Greece， "Homer's epic，" "Aesop's Fables "And so on， fall into this category， fiction， novels such novels have been about the characteristics of fiction， it is still not the literary creation， directly from the private collection record， so this type of fiction plot is relatively simple， writing rough Ban Gu said， "On the Street Lane words， hearsay are made of" is a novel kind of accurate assessment of the China's Tang Dynasty， the novel is only from history and literature become a Tang Dynasty culture has developed， the author's ideas are more open， the legend came into being at this time， Li Zhaowei "Liu Yi Chuan"， Po Chu's "Everlasting Regret，" Wolf's "Everlasting Regret Chuan" And so on， are made in accordance with the creation of the For the fictional story of the Tang Dynasty more emphasis on imagination and literary talent， not just the history of the nature of things， but as the history of Zhi Zhi who is also the novel did not The Legend of the Song Dynasty to the novel on a gradual decline， which followed the rise of this so that after processing will become a scholar so many novel and Romance novels such as "Romance of the Three Kingdoms"， "Outlaws of the Marsh"， "Journey to the W" The author of such novels is the use of private creative and re-created to describe the circumstances of the touching scenes of brilliant and vivid active in shaping the character known， there are obvious story-telling style of Here by the redevelopment， it will become an independent literary creation rather than things to come together with the civil process， the representative of this type is the "Golden Lotus"， it was an open and ordinary life on the road， the reality is that literature has come a long way The development of the latter's "A Dream of Red Mansions" in ancient China Geng Shiba realism to the novels of the "54" after the novelist began to learn from China's western fiction writing practices， and gradually out a new Western novels， is the "Renaissance" after the rapid development of The development of the Middle Ages novel near-stagnation in the West， 14， the end of the century "Renaissance" to overthrow the literature of the Church of control， 15， appeared in the western end of the century to promote freedom of thought and the liberation of personality in order to describe the reality of life and portray characters from all walks of life for the content of the Humanist novels， is to tie in with this type of novel anti-feudal Europe at the time of arising at the same time it also set the novel in the West to human describing the tone of the main Jiaqiu Italy's "Decameron"， Spain's Cervantes "Don Quixote" is the kind of representative works of The resulting novel is a classical， elegant favor of its national language to standardize the writing of this novel in 17th century France's most well- As a note on behalf of Corneille's "Cid" neoclassical story of the rise of Western novels have been a language substantially The beginning of the 18th century to promote popular science knowledge， enlightenment of the public consciousness for the purpose of the Enlightenment novels， of which there are relatively well-known German Goethe's "Faust"， the United Kingdom Defoe's "Robinson Crusoe" and the Swift "Gulliver's Travels" and so on， this type of novel to the emergence of the bourgeois revolution at the time to mold public In the 19th century， romantic fiction， realistic novels and critical realism novel turn to occupy the leading position in the field of Romantic novels， such as France Victor Hugo's "Notre Dame de Paris"， Goethe's "juvenile Witt of trouble" and so on， imaginative， unusual ideas， language and imaginative， strong Efforts to reflect the reality of the novel is the essence of life， and depict typical life of a typical phenomenon in the United Kingdom Dickens， France and Germany are of such novels as a representative of the Critical realism novels exposed the efforts of the decadent feudal system and capitalist society， the dark， in-depth criticism of the reality of evil， France Balzac and Maupassant， the United Kingdom of Charlotte， Bronte， Russia's Tolstoy， Dostoevsky， the United States of a large number of writers such as Mark Twain's works belong to this Value today， the three novels in the West is still the most important of the three types of literary East-West novel on the history of the development of more or less the Second， the characteristics of the novel in the West In addition to the basic characteristics of the novel， the story of the West also have their own characteristics are as follows: 1， the traditional Chinese novel attention to the characters， language and the details of the description， in contradiction to the conflict to display the images， but the character of a single， small changes in the absence of the main Western novels are more people pay attention to the psychological description， stressed that mining figure in the subconscious mind， good at writing full， the changes in the strong sense of the main Again， "coach Lin Feng Snow Mountain Temple" in the figure is only through dialogue and action leads to contradictions and conflicts， but Anna Karenina Wogui before a series of conflicts only with his description of the psychological will be able to express their clear; for poetry in Lin In the performance of her literary talent， and Paul with his inner monologue of the ideal; Zhang Zhong-Yong has only the character， but Jane Eyre's character is the brave， strong， warm， kind-hearted， and so many of the character and rubbing and Cheng' In short， people in the area described in the West has its own unique 2， China compared with Western fiction novel plot twists and turns more and more complete Plot twists and turns， the story is complete fiction China's unique traditional The Wei and Jin Zhi Zhi people on the novel twists and turns with vivid Tang legend in the layout of many of the famous， magnificent anomaly， rigorous and clever， dramatic plot The contents of the Ming and Qing Dynasties novels scattered irregular， undulating waves， Cuoluoyouzhi， careful structure， an integral "A Dream of Red Mansions"， everywhere She Fu， Hui turning point， the story of Jia's best Western plot in respect of the outstanding works， although there are many， but it can not be compared with the Chinese 3， concise and lively Chinese language novel， rich in content and rich Western Chinese folk artists absorbed the novel language， at the same time inherited the fine traditions of ancient prose， often a few words will be able to outline the incident or the Western novels in the author includes a broad range of knowledge， involve the community in many ways， so rich in content and rich people can gain knowledge in many Engels said he was in Balzac's novel about 19th century France's domestic situation than he received any reports are Western novels have different characteristics， and also in the West different aesthetic concepts to a certain extent 4， Western novels have been the rule of the feudal culture of oppression Chinese feudal culture makes the development of the novel is extremely difficult， Ming and Qing Dynasties more people to write stories for shame， so many great writers living， creating the conditions are not covered， many of the great works of authors who do not Western novels in the feudal culture makes almost the whole of the Middle Ages in the development of extremely slow， and many talented writers were forced to church services， wrote some of the religious nature of the article dry Third， Western novels in the future prospects for the development of End of the Qing Dynasty， China and the West have begun to understand the other side of the system， the advantages of the novel in the West have been constantly learn from each Of course， due to historical reasons， the Chinese side of the draw a little To this day， the novelist in the West efforts are still two researchers in the novel's artistic charm， although the different languages of each other's appreciation of the arts to a certain extent， but the United States are We have every reason to believe that in the near future， the novel art in the West will ultimately learn from each other and integrate， develop and reach new artistic References: "Foreign Literature" Shanghai Translation Publishing House Zhou Xu Liang "Contemporary Literature election，" Zhang Zhong， such as Beijing University Publishing House "Chinese literature history of the development of" Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House Liu Jie "Literary History of Europe" People's Literature Publishing House Yangzhou Han Wu Da-yuan Zhao Rui radish "Three high school language textbook used by the five dates of the" People's Education Press仅供参考，请自借鉴。希望对您有帮助。

有一则趣谈:一所国际公寓闹火灾，里面住有犹太人，法国人，美国人和中国人犹太人急急忙忙先搬出的是他的保险箱，法国人先拖出的是他的情人，美国人则先抱出他的妻子，而中国人则先背出的是他的老母这一趣谈反映了一个事实:不同的民族有着自己区别于其他民族的特殊的文化心理素质，思维方式，价值尺度，道德规范和情感趣向 文化是指人类社会历史实践过程中所创造的物质财富，精神财富和相应的创造才能的总和文化包括物质文化与精神文化，物质文化是指文化中看得见，摸得着的那部分，因此也称之为硬文化相对来说，精神文化就是软文化，而软文化则是文化的深层结构中西方硬文化的差异一目了然，但处于深层结构的软文化的差异则须进一步辩证分析中西方软文化的不同决定硬文化的差异，而中西方文化的差异也正在于此——即作为文化的深层结构的软文化的差异 一，中西方启蒙教育的认知方式不同 东西方民族各自具有独特的文化背景和社会心理结构，生产活动方式和发展水平不同，反映在思维，认识方式和风格上就存在着很大的差异西方民族思维方式以逻辑分析为主要特征，而以中国为代表的东方民族思维方式则以直观综合为基本特征中西方不同的认识方式深深影响了本民族理论思维和科学文化沿着不同的路向发展 西方重唯理，思辩，中方重经验，直觉 希腊哲学是西方哲学的源头，古希腊对自然有着浓厚的兴趣，他们关心世界本源，主客体关系，事物如何发展变化等虽然他们在简单仪器下的观察和实践缺乏逻辑连贯性，理性的方式并不系统，但人们的这种直接观察总是弥漫着理性思维的色彩，抽象思辩是西方思维的特征而作为东方民族典型代表的中国传统思维方式，则以直觉和经验为特征中国古代科学和哲学的各种范畴是靠向内思维得到的，是将各种经验现象酝酿体会，豁然贯通而提出的概念的这些概念的理解与西方向外思维逻辑演绎所得到的不同，理解只能意会而难以言传，如对中医医理和气功的理解，又如对一幅书法作品，一幅国画的欣赏，只能向内领会，才能领略作者的神韵的起伏 西方的细节分析与中方的整体综合 西方文化结构以细节分析居优，东方文化结构则以整体综合见长如:在姓氏排列中，中国姓氏先是宗姓，辈份，其次才是自己的名字，突出的是氏族整体西方国家则先是自己的名字，再是父名，然后才是族姓，突出的是自己又如:在时间，地址的书写表达顺序上，中国人习惯以年，月，日从大到小依次为序，地址则是按省，市，县到门牌号码排序，突出的是从整体到个别的析出关系，西方人则与中国人的顺序表达恰好相反，突出的是个别到整体的合成关系可见在中华民族的精神文化和意识结构中，从整体出发的综合观占突出地位，而这种整体综合观在考察事物时，通常忽略细节和成分分析，往往提供的是关于对象模糊整体的图景 二，中西方在人与自然关系上的着眼点与执著不同 杜维民教授认为:"中国文化关注的对象是人"人与人的关系是中国文化关心的核心问题，人们立足于现实人生，所以政治伦理学相当发达而西方文化较多关注的是自然，人与自然的关系是古希腊注重的中心问题，由此衍生出理智和科技中国的哲学无论儒，道，佛学都是一种人生哲学儒学求作为，道学求长生，佛学求悟觉儒学以孔子思想为正宗，孔子思想的核心是"仁"何者为"仁" 孔子曰:"仁者爱人!"可见是怎样做人的学问，兴趣在阐发君臣，父子等一套人与人之间的伦理关系，修身养性的目的即实现自己的从政的抱负——齐家治国平天下纯科学的研究及所有的自然科学都成为多数人不屑选择的行为和兴趣 中国文化在人与自然的关系上也有着自己的执著中国文化的一个重要特征就是"天人合一"，把自然人格化，追求人的精神消融于自然界之中，人与自然共呼吸的和谐状态中国文化的根深植于大地之中，中国文化自始即重农，"四民之中，士之下即为农"，"民以食为天"即缘由于此道家思想更是要人们对人生留恋和在大自然中寻求到生命慰籍的杰作 西方古代科学寓于对自然的探索之中，因此西方很早就出现了毕达哥拉斯，阿基米得这样一些名垂千古的专业科学家在人与自然的关系上，西方文化认为天人处于对立的斗争状态，因而产生了与中国文化不同的对自然的态度，即人应征服，控制自然，强调人与自然的对立，把自然看成敌对力量荷马史诗纯以海外遇险，征服自然为题材，他们的游戏都是在大自然的风浪中锻炼成长的人物西方人也讲人与人之间的关系，但首先关注的不是伦理而是竞争，因而出现了"优胜劣汰"的规律 中西方价值观与人生追求的不同 中西方价值观与人生追求的不同表现在社会生活的各个层面 第一，中西方人生价值取向不同 儒家给中国人提供的价值观念，在封建专制制度的支持下，逐步转变为一种根深蒂固的人生信念作为2000余年来的中国文化的一根精神支柱的这种人生信念，认为人生的价值就是在现世的作为之中，一个人在社会越有作为，他的生命就越有意义的积极入世思想在专制社会中权力就是一切，因此，人的作为最大者莫过于实现从政的抱负齐家治国平天下的宏伟理想统治着千百万中国文人碌碌无为的一生受这种一元化的人生价值的影响，多数人不愿问津自然科学，致使科学被困于萌芽状态另外，人的智慧才能都集中到了政治权术上，创造了一个世界上独一无二的变幻莫测而实质又超稳固的政治，文化模式在这种特殊的模式中，产生了中国独有的历史现象:当官不成，求当圣人;报国不得则退做隐士，或吟诗饮酒自得风浪，于是道教，佛教随之兴起，贪生的自去修道，厌世的不妨念佛而西方文化中人生价值呈多元化从政也是人生价值的实现，经商也被认为相当有价值西方人眼中最好的职业莫过于律师，医生 第二，西方的个人本位和中方的家族本位 近代西方人文主义是在神学背景上产生的，原罪观念在西方根深蒂固因此，西方人的道德指向是个人向自己负责，通过个人奋斗向上帝赎罪，由此引申出一条基督教义，即"上帝面前人人平等"当上帝被否定了时西方又产生了社会原子观念:个人就是原子，不依靠任何人而存在，个人权利任何人不得侵略，信奉个人本位，自我中心这种个人本位的思想影响了生活的各个方面，亲人间界线划分明确，老少聚餐，各自付款，对孩子也非常尊重，进孩子房间首先要问:"我能进来吗 "强调以子女脱离父母独立生活奋斗为荣，乐于谈论个人一得之见而中国以家族为本位家在中国人心目中是生活的宇宙，是一个生活的港湾，具有至高无上的凝结力脱离家便是"游子"，强调"父母在，不远游"家庭中有长幼关系，夫妻关系，要各安其分，各尽义务，即"尽伦"!孟子认为:圣人是"人伦之民"，伦的核心是"绝对服从"，幼服长，妻服夫使家变得如此重要的原因之一就是"孝"，"百善孝为先"，"孝道"是中国的国本，国粹，中国自古就有孝的文化，有以孝治天下之说家与孝原本有伟大的理性意义，但由于过分强调，终成了一种过分的家族意识，而忽略了个人自由的发展，"存天理，灭人欲"，以个人向群体负责为人生宗旨 第三，西方讲功利，时效，中方讲伦理，道德 西方文化由于自然科学的发展，因此比较重功利和实效，善于算经济帐例如:在一个大公司，如果每人节约几秒，加起来可节约几个人的时间，可少雇几个职员，减少多少开支又如:一个人在写字，圆珠笔的笔尖向外放还是向内放比较节约拿笔写字的时间，怎么放的状态最有效等 中国文化由于长期处于封建的农业社会，自然科学不发达，着重于人伦关系的调节礼义规范高于一切，"义"，"利"之辩的结果使价值观念产生偏差，提倡人为了符合某种礼义规范应该牺牲自己的利益，"重义轻利"被视为高风亮节，品格高尚更有甚者，到了"文革"期间，"只要社会主义的草，不要资本主义的苗"，只算政治帐，不算经济帐，对外中国只考虑政治影响，不顾及经济效益打字不易，如满意，望采纳。

love with But，although he beat her，she refused to help him with his evil 'Then Stapleton met Laura LWe know that he made her write a letter to bring Sir Charles to the moor gate on that sad The hound，which was shining with phosphorus，chased Sir Charles down the Yew ASir Charles' terror was so great that his weak heart stopped，and he died，

中西方思维方式对比英语论文选题

建议选择文学方面的题材比较好些，我就是英语专业毕业生，当时我选择的是西方文化方面，材料比较少。但是如果要想拿到优秀论文建议最好别选文学，这个没有什么新意，而且也许会有许多人选材一样。若是不准备拿优秀论文，文学题材是一个不错的选择。

Chinese and Western cultural differences in the performance of every aspect of daily life from the greeting 、 term diet and cultural differences in the way of thinking in the abstract， such as differences everywhere， from the West focus on the following colors to express the difference between Chinese and Western cultural differences in areas such as a wedding First， in the West to express the color difference Different colors in different languages is not expressed in the same The representative of China in a sense， the West has a meaning that even the "color" to understand the meaning of the (A) red (red) Whether in China or in the English-speaking countries， often in red and festive celebrations or day- Calendar， red font used these days， therefore， red letter day: refers to the "Day" or "happy " It also refers to the red "liabilities" or "loss" because people are always negative in red to So there are these phrases: red figure deficit in the red loss In common with the Chinese "red" words， translated into English， may not necessarily use the "red" for example: 　 brown sugar brown sugar red wine red wine (B) yellow Yellow in English and Chinese in the extended meaning of the differences are In English， yellow can be said that the "timid， cowardly， despicable，" meaning， for example: a yellow dog despicable， cowardly people a yellow livered coward Chinese yellow symbol of the term is sometimes vulgar， vulgar and obscene， indecent indecency means， such as yellow film， erotica， yellow CD， and so These in the name of "yellow" in English and "yellow" has nothing to However， in another English word blue is the color used to indicate the kind of meaning in Chinese， such as the blue jokes (dirty joke)， blue films (yellow film) Second， the cultural differences in Western wedding First of all， in Western wedding culture and the first in the West in thinking about the differences: the Chinese people more conservative， like excitement， more old-fashioned thinking， so in the history of China for thousands of years the entire wedding customs did not change The thinking in the West is more open to the requirements of the wedding will be lower， they will be the climax of the wedding in the church: the sacred as the "wedding march" into the red carpet， Jiao Mei's father， the bride linked hands Rose walked slowly to the groom， the bride's father， daughter to the groom's hand on hand， her daughter's life will be entrusted to the groom， all eyes followed the couple， filled with well-being in their Second， the result of cultural differences wedding in the West because the West in a different China is mainly Buddhist， but the West is mainly C Therefore， the Western wedding is to be held in the church and the priest is Zhuhun R China's traditional customs of the most important part of the Bai Tiandi is， the worship heaven and earth even after the ceremony has 中西方文化差异表现在方方面面，从日常生活的打招呼用语、饮食文化等差异到思维方式等抽象方面的差异无所不在，下面着重从中西方颜色表达的差异，中西方婚礼文化差异等方面阐述。 一、中西方颜色表达的差异 不同颜色在不同语言中表达的方式并不一样。在中国代表一种意义，在西方又表示一种涵义，甚至对“颜色”的涵义理解恰恰相反。（一）red（红色）无论是在英语国家还是在中国，红色往往与庆祝活动或喜庆日子有关。日历中，这些日子常用红色字体，因此，red letter day：指的是“纪念日”或“喜庆的日子”。红色还指“负债”或“亏损”，因为人们总是用红笔登记负数。于是就有了这些词组：red figure赤字 in the red亏损汉语中常用的带“红”字的词语，翻译成英语，可不一定用“red”例如：　红糖brown sugar 红酒red wine （二） yellow黄色在英语和汉语中的引申含义差别比较大。英语中，yellow可以表示“胆小、卑怯、卑鄙”的意思，例如：a yellow dog 可鄙的人，卑鄙的人a yellow livered 胆小鬼汉语中黄色一词有时象征低级趣味、色情庸俗、下流猥亵的意思，如黄色电影、黄色书刊、黄色光碟等等。这些名称中的“黄”与英语中的“yellow”无关。然而，英语中另一个颜色词blue却常用来表示汉语中这类意思，如blue jokes（下流的玩笑）， blue films（黄色电影）等。 二、中西方婚礼文化差异 首先，中西方婚礼文化差异首先和中西方人在思维方面的差异有关：中国人比较保守，喜欢热闹，思维较古板，所以在中国历史几千年的时间里整个婚礼的习俗并没有多大的变化。而西方人的思想则比较开放，对于婚礼的要求也比较低，他们婚礼的高潮则是在教堂中：随着神圣的《婚礼进行曲》步入鲜红的地毯，娇美的新娘挽着父亲手捧玫瑰慢慢向新郎走去，新娘的父亲将女儿的手放在新郎的手上，将女儿的一生托付给新郎，所有人的目光注视着这对新人，幸福洋溢在他们的脸上。其次，造成中西方婚礼文化差异的原因是中西方不同的宗教。中国是以佛教为主，而西方则是基督教为主的。所以西方的婚礼是在教堂中举行而主婚人则是神甫。中方的传统婚俗中的最重要环节就是拜天地，拜了天地以后就算是礼成了。

%D6%D0%CE%F7&btn=+%CB%D1%CB%F7+ 1、 (英语系毕业论文)中西戏剧发展快慢对比及其原因 摘 要 中西戏剧都有悠久的历史，无论是西方戏剧还是中国戏剧，都起源于民间，并与原始人祭祀神灵，欢庆节日的仪式密切联系在一起的。回顾希腊戏剧产生形成的历史，它发展快，成就高，在世界上的影响很 类别：毕业论文 大小：95 KB 日期：2007-07-14 2、 (英语系毕业论文)从中美管理方式的不同透析中西方文化差异与整合 摘 要随着全球化的来临，中国与外界的交流越来越频繁，特别是在商界。本论文主要探讨中美在管理上的交流。如今的商界，如同一个大家庭，参与者遍布世界各地。正是由于这个原因，各国的管理模式也趋于一体化。但是 类别：毕业论文 大小：85 KB 日期：2007-06-26 3、 (英语系毕业论文)在经济全球化下中西方文化差异与跨文化管理 摘 要伴随着世界经济的快速增长，跨国公司的飞速发展， 全球商业活动的猛烈激增，同时伴随着在文化多样化环境下的相关管理问题的出现，跨国公司的人员必须与来自不同文化背景的人打交道，这种文化差异时而会造成 类别：毕业论文 大小：96 KB 日期：2007-06-26 4、 (英语系毕业论文)中西服饰文化差异对语言的影响 摘 要中西服饰受其各自不同哲学和文化的影响体现出不同的特征：儒家思想和大陆文明使中国服饰呈现出繁冗，宽博的特征。它不注重外表的装饰，以宽松的衣服遮掩身体的曲线，在思想上追求人格的完美，以“谦谦君 类别：毕业论文 大小：90 KB 日期：2007-06-25 5、 (英语系毕业论文)快餐食品对中西方传统饮食文化的影响力 摘 要自古以来，中国就是一个以礼待人的礼仪之邦。而在不同的国家、不同的地区，礼仪的形式也有所不同。本文主要从礼仪的角度谈论了礼仪与中西方文化之间的联系及相互影响，目的是为了消除不同国家之间的不同 类别：毕业论文 大小：88 KB 日期：2007-06-25 6、 (英语系毕业论文)从礼仪角度谈中西文化的差异性 摘 要自古以来，中国就是一个以礼待人的礼仪之邦。而在不同的国家、不同的地区，礼仪的形式也有所不同。本文主要从礼仪的角度谈论了礼仪与中西方文化之间的联系及相互影响，目的是为了消除不同国家之间的不同 类别：毕业论文 大小：85 KB 日期：2007-06-23 7、 (英语系毕业论文)中西饮食文化及其差异 摘 要中国悠久历史5000年，西方世界五六百年的社会历程。中国有灿烂丰富、博大精深的饮食文化；西方国家则有精巧专维、自成体系的饮食文明。民以食为天，中国有自己独特丰富的饮食文化底蕴。然而今天除了中国 类别：毕业论文 大小：100 KB 日期：2007-06-21 8、 (英语系毕业论文)中西酒店文化比较及探讨 摘 要在经济蓬勃发展的今天，旅游业风风火火地发展起来了，作为与旅游业相配套的酒店业也相应的完善起来，且更加趋于国际化。中国已经入世，这更给中国的酒店业带来一个新的发展契机，但世界上酒店发展规模空前，

中国与西方教育的差别，首先体现在家庭教育上，中国父母在对待孩子的教育是处于一个指导性的，对孩子命令式的教育，规划孩子的一切，使他们自己的支配范围下，而且是孩子处于一个温室的模式，不注重孩子独立能力的培养。然而西方的家庭教育截然不同，父母与孩子首先是处于一个平等的地位，给孩子足够的四维空间，并注重孩子的独立自主意识和能力。其次，中国与西方的不同体现于学校教育，中国式的教育是硬式教育，学校根据父母和社会的需要，对孩子进行强制教育，不考虑孩子的感受。而且中国是教育是分数决定一切，只要做对试卷上的考题就行，没有考虑到开放学生的思维，实行“满堂灌”。而西方教育却是以学生为中心，以开发学生的思维为主要，更多的锻炼学生的动脑动手能力。因材施教，启发式的教育。两种教育的最后的结果是什么呢？我想这点很清楚了，从西方国家的科学技术水平上就可以看出，从西方的先进的思想就可以看出了。当然，也不能就此否决东方教育，只是我认为在今后的日子里可以更多把西方的一些先进教学理念与中国的教育结合起来，创造一个全新的中国特色社会主义教学方式。在此，仅把我的期望寄托在未来。Chinese and western education differences， in a first embodiment of family education， Chinese parents in the treatment of children's education is in a directive， command type on children education， planning for all children， make their area of control， and it is the child in a greenhouse model， do not pay attention to children 'independent ability However， the western family education are quite different， parents and children is the first in a equal status， give the child enough four-dimensional space， and pay attention to the child's awareness and ability to stand on one's Secondly， Chinese and Western different embodiment in school education， Chinese education is hard education according to the school， parents and social needs， for the children of compulsory education， do not consider the feelings of But China is education is decided by the score of all， so long as the examination questions on the line， do not take into account the open students' thinking， execute " chalk and talk" Western education is take the student as the center， to develop the students' thinking as the main， more exercise students hands-on minds Teach students in accordance with their aptitude， heuristic Two kinds of education， the final result is what? I think this is very clear， from the western country science and technology level can be seen， from the western advanced ideas can be Of course， nor is this veto Oriental Education， I just think that in the future may be more put in some western advanced teaching idea and Chinese education together， to create a new teaching mode of socialism with Chinese Here， only put my hope in the

中西方思维方式对比英语论文怎么写

有一则趣谈:一所国际公寓闹火灾，里面住有犹太人，法国人，美国人和中国人犹太人急急忙忙先搬出的是他的保险箱，法国人先拖出的是他的情人，美国人则先抱出他的妻子，而中国人则先背出的是他的老母这一趣谈反映了一个事实:不同的民族有着自己区别于其他民族的特殊的文化心理素质，思维方式，价值尺度，道德规范和情感趣向 文化是指人类社会历史实践过程中所创造的物质财富，精神财富和相应的创造才能的总和文化包括物质文化与精神文化，物质文化是指文化中看得见，摸得着的那部分，因此也称之为硬文化相对来说，精神文化就是软文化，而软文化则是文化的深层结构中西方硬文化的差异一目了然，但处于深层结构的软文化的差异则须进一步辩证分析中西方软文化的不同决定硬文化的差异，而中西方文化的差异也正在于此——即作为文化的深层结构的软文化的差异 一，中西方启蒙教育的认知方式不同 东西方民族各自具有独特的文化背景和社会心理结构，生产活动方式和发展水平不同，反映在思维，认识方式和风格上就存在着很大的差异西方民族思维方式以逻辑分析为主要特征，而以中国为代表的东方民族思维方式则以直观综合为基本特征中西方不同的认识方式深深影响了本民族理论思维和科学文化沿着不同的路向发展 西方重唯理，思辩，中方重经验，直觉 希腊哲学是西方哲学的源头，古希腊对自然有着浓厚的兴趣，他们关心世界本源，主客体关系，事物如何发展变化等虽然他们在简单仪器下的观察和实践缺乏逻辑连贯性，理性的方式并不系统，但人们的这种直接观察总是弥漫着理性思维的色彩，抽象思辩是西方思维的特征而作为东方民族典型代表的中国传统思维方式，则以直觉和经验为特征中国古代科学和哲学的各种范畴是靠向内思维得到的，是将各种经验现象酝酿体会，豁然贯通而提出的概念的这些概念的理解与西方向外思维逻辑演绎所得到的不同，理解只能意会而难以言传，如对中医医理和气功的理解，又如对一幅书法作品，一幅国画的欣赏，只能向内领会，才能领略作者的神韵的起伏 西方的细节分析与中方的整体综合 西方文化结构以细节分析居优，东方文化结构则以整体综合见长如:在姓氏排列中，中国姓氏先是宗姓，辈份，其次才是自己的名字，突出的是氏族整体西方国家则先是自己的名字，再是父名，然后才是族姓，突出的是自己又如:在时间，地址的书写表达顺序上，中国人习惯以年，月，日从大到小依次为序，地址则是按省，市，县到门牌号码排序，突出的是从整体到个别的析出关系，西方人则与中国人的顺序表达恰好相反，突出的是个别到整体的合成关系可见在中华民族的精神文化和意识结构中，从整体出发的综合观占突出地位，而这种整体综合观在考察事物时，通常忽略细节和成分分析，往往提供的是关于对象模糊整体的图景 二，中西方在人与自然关系上的着眼点与执著不同 杜维民教授认为:"中国文化关注的对象是人"人与人的关系是中国文化关心的核心问题，人们立足于现实人生，所以政治伦理学相当发达而西方文化较多关注的是自然，人与自然的关系是古希腊注重的中心问题，由此衍生出理智和科技中国的哲学无论儒，道，佛学都是一种人生哲学儒学求作为，道学求长生，佛学求悟觉儒学以孔子思想为正宗，孔子思想的核心是"仁"何者为"仁" 孔子曰:"仁者爱人!"可见是怎样做人的学问，兴趣在阐发君臣，父子等一套人与人之间的伦理关系，修身养性的目的即实现自己的从政的抱负——齐家治国平天下纯科学的研究及所有的自然科学都成为多数人不屑选择的行为和兴趣 中国文化在人与自然的关系上也有着自己的执著中国文化的一个重要特征就是"天人合一"，把自然人格化，追求人的精神消融于自然界之中，人与自然共呼吸的和谐状态中国文化的根深植于大地之中，中国文化自始即重农，"四民之中，士之下即为农"，"民以食为天"即缘由于此道家思想更是要人们对人生留恋和在大自然中寻求到生命慰籍的杰作 西方古代科学寓于对自然的探索之中，因此西方很早就出现了毕达哥拉斯，阿基米得这样一些名垂千古的专业科学家在人与自然的关系上，西方文化认为天人处于对立的斗争状态，因而产生了与中国文化不同的对自然的态度，即人应征服，控制自然，强调人与自然的对立，把自然看成敌对力量荷马史诗纯以海外遇险，征服自然为题材，他们的游戏都是在大自然的风浪中锻炼成长的人物西方人也讲人与人之间的关系，但首先关注的不是伦理而是竞争，因而出现了"优胜劣汰"的规律 中西方价值观与人生追求的不同 中西方价值观与人生追求的不同表现在社会生活的各个层面 第一，中西方人生价值取向不同 儒家给中国人提供的价值观念，在封建专制制度的支持下，逐步转变为一种根深蒂固的人生信念作为2000余年来的中国文化的一根精神支柱的这种人生信念，认为人生的价值就是在现世的作为之中，一个人在社会越有作为，他的生命就越有意义的积极入世思想在专制社会中权力就是一切，因此，人的作为最大者莫过于实现从政的抱负齐家治国平天下的宏伟理想统治着千百万中国文人碌碌无为的一生受这种一元化的人生价值的影响，多数人不愿问津自然科学，致使科学被困于萌芽状态另外，人的智慧才能都集中到了政治权术上，创造了一个世界上独一无二的变幻莫测而实质又超稳固的政治，文化模式在这种特殊的模式中，产生了中国独有的历史现象:当官不成，求当圣人;报国不得则退做隐士，或吟诗饮酒自得风浪，于是道教，佛教随之兴起，贪生的自去修道，厌世的不妨念佛而西方文化中人生价值呈多元化从政也是人生价值的实现，经商也被认为相当有价值西方人眼中最好的职业莫过于律师，医生 第二，西方的个人本位和中方的家族本位 近代西方人文主义是在神学背景上产生的，原罪观念在西方根深蒂固因此，西方人的道德指向是个人向自己负责，通过个人奋斗向上帝赎罪，由此引申出一条基督教义，即"上帝面前人人平等"当上帝被否定了时西方又产生了社会原子观念:个人就是原子，不依靠任何人而存在，个人权利任何人不得侵略，信奉个人本位，自我中心这种个人本位的思想影响了生活的各个方面，亲人间界线划分明确，老少聚餐，各自付款，对孩子也非常尊重，进孩子房间首先要问:"我能进来吗 "强调以子女脱离父母独立生活奋斗为荣，乐于谈论个人一得之见而中国以家族为本位家在中国人心目中是生活的宇宙，是一个生活的港湾，具有至高无上的凝结力脱离家便是"游子"，强调"父母在，不远游"家庭中有长幼关系，夫妻关系，要各安其分，各尽义务，即"尽伦"!孟子认为:圣人是"人伦之民"，伦的核心是"绝对服从"，幼服长，妻服夫使家变得如此重要的原因之一就是"孝"，"百善孝为先"，"孝道"是中国的国本，国粹，中国自古就有孝的文化，有以孝治天下之说家与孝原本有伟大的理性意义，但由于过分强调，终成了一种过分的家族意识，而忽略了个人自由的发展，"存天理，灭人欲"，以个人向群体负责为人生宗旨 第三，西方讲功利，时效，中方讲伦理，道德 西方文化由于自然科学的发展，因此比较重功利和实效，善于算经济帐例如:在一个大公司，如果每人节约几秒，加起来可节约几个人的时间，可少雇几个职员，减少多少开支又如:一个人在写字，圆珠笔的笔尖向外放还是向内放比较节约拿笔写字的时间，怎么放的状态最有效等 中国文化由于长期处于封建的农业社会，自然科学不发达，着重于人伦关系的调节礼义规范高于一切，"义"，"利"之辩的结果使价值观念产生偏差，提倡人为了符合某种礼义规范应该牺牲自己的利益，"重义轻利"被视为高风亮节，品格高尚更有甚者，到了"文革"期间，"只要社会主义的草，不要资本主义的苗"，只算政治帐，不算经济帐，对外中国只考虑政治影响，不顾及经济效益打字不易，如满意，望采纳。

例如：朱门酒肉臭，路有冻死骨。一人得道，鸡犬升天。衙门八字开，有理无钱莫进来。只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯。四、 风俗习惯不同的民族形成了各自独特的风俗习惯：正如英语中一句谚语所说的：“So many countries， so many ”在对狗的态度上，中国人脑海中狗如同鸡、鸭、猪一样是一种地位十分卑微的动物。常常把狗与“下贱”、“低微”、“无赖”等贬义词联系在一起，如“狼心狗肺”、“狗腿子”、“猪狗不如”、“狐朋狗党”等，[5]（P83）虽然狗也用作看家护院、狩猎、牧羊。狗还常被宰杀烹调，这在西方人看来是非常不能接受的。中国人对狗的态度在谚语中可以体现出来，如：狗眼看人低。 好狗不挡道。 狗嘴里吐不出象牙。 狗改不了吃屎。 痛打落水狗。而狗在西方人眼中不仅是狩猎、看门、工作的得力可靠的好帮手，更是生活中重要的伴侣和朋友，是抚慰人们寂寞空虚生活不可缺少的一部分，甚至将其视为家中的成员，与狗有着深厚的感情。在西方还有发生狗死后，为其安葬立碑的事。因此，狗的形象在英语谚语中是褒义的，人们对狗是怜爱、赞赏的。英语谚语之中，常常以狗的形象来比喻人的行为。如：You are a lucky 你是一个幸运儿。 Every dog has its 各人皆有出头之日。 Old dog will not learn new 老人学不了新东西。 Love me， love my 爱屋及乌。而英语中兔子常代表胆怯，但汉语中与“胆怯”相联系的动物形象则是老鼠。因此有谚语“气壮如牛，胆小如鼠”；英语民族常用狮子比喻力量、雄威，所以有谚语：March comes in like a lion and goes out like a 三月来如猛狮；去如羔羊。Every dog is a lion at 狗是百步王，只在门前狠。A lion may be beholden to a 老鼠也能帮狮子；弱者也能帮强者。这里因为狮子多产于非洲、印度等地，而英国历史上与这些地区或国家有着很深的关系。而我国不产狮子，无论南方北方都产老虎。[6]（P73）从前，老虎数量繁多，常出没山林，侵扰人民，甚至危害人命。人们认为虎为百兽之王，对虎十分敬畏，有“养虎为患”、“伴君如伴虎”的说法，把虎看作力量、威武、雄壮的象征，因此产生了许多关于与老虎有关的谚语。例如：山中无老虎，猴子称大王。 不入虎穴，焉得虎子。 虎毒不食子 初生牛犊不怕虎。五、 民族性格中西方由于各自生存环境的差异，以及人们对自身环境的不同应战，发展出各自不同的社会文明，从而产生了不同的文化取向、价值观念、性格特征。在古希腊，由于土地的贫瘠，海上通道的开辟，再加上频繁的战争和几次大规模的民族迁徙，使得他们很早就发展起商业经济，创造了人类最古老的商业文明。西方成了典型的商业社会，人们从事着频繁的商业活动，正所谓“The English are a nation of shop-”（英国全民皆商，外表富强）。经商的成效不在天地鬼神而在自己，在于自己的才干。[7]（P22-23）商场中的竞争激烈、优胜劣汰、你失我得，这形成了西方人个人意识较强、重视个人作用、个人独立自主、个人利益的个人主义思想。Self comes 自我利益是第一位的。Everyman for himself and God for us 个人为自己，上帝为大家。Near is my shirt， but nearer is my 自己的利益最切身。Self-preservation is the first law of 保存自己是自然界的第一法则。He who depends on another dines ill and sups 指望别人，难有好吃喝。而经商见效快、获利多、风险大，也养成了西方人急功近利、富于进取、敢于冒险的流动性格。If at first you don’t succeed， try， try， try Forbidden fruit is Catch as catch Discontent is the first step in Life is a battle from cradle to 人生是一场从摇篮到坟墓的战斗。Life， to be worthy of a rational being， must be always in 人生必须永远前进，才不愧为有理智的人。Fortune favors the 勇者天佑。个人主义思想使西方人重视突出个人，喜欢表现自己的个性，乐于标新立异，爱出风头，尊重个性、自我，并鼓励个性发展，对别人因个性表现出的任何形态都能够理解接受，这可以在谚语中体现出来。It’s squeaky wheel that gets the 吱吱叫的轮子先上油。Tastes 个人品位不同。Every man after his 个人追求个人的风格。 If you’ve got it， flaunt 这句谚语来源于一部The producer的美国电影。意思是如果你有钱、本事、美貌或性感，就应该让人瞧瞧。[8]（P334）而以农业为根本的中国人则截然不同，农业的收获往往不在耕种者，而是老天。人的意志如何强大也阻止不了干旱、洪水、风暴等天灾的来临。[7]（P23）另外农业见效慢，而一年一度的丰收来自于长期的扎扎实实、坚持不懈的努力劳动，这形成了中国人思想意识中安定保守、善于坚持忍耐、缺乏冒险、知足的性格的特质。[5]（P23）

Chinese and Western cultural differences in the performance of every aspect of daily life from the greeting 、 term diet and cultural differences in the way of thinking in the abstract， such as differences everywhere， from the West focus on the following colors to express the difference between Chinese and Western cultural differences in areas such as a wedding First， in the West to express the color difference Different colors in different languages is not expressed in the same The representative of China in a sense， the West has a meaning that even the "color" to understand the meaning of the (A) red (red) Whether in China or in the English-speaking countries， often in red and festive celebrations or day- Calendar， red font used these days， therefore， red letter day: refers to the "Day" or "happy " It also refers to the red "liabilities" or "loss" because people are always negative in red to So there are these phrases: red figure deficit in the red loss In common with the Chinese "red" words， translated into English， may not necessarily use the "red" for example: 　 brown sugar brown sugar red wine red wine (B) yellow Yellow in English and Chinese in the extended meaning of the differences are In English， yellow can be said that the "timid， cowardly， despicable，" meaning， for example: a yellow dog despicable， cowardly people a yellow livered coward Chinese yellow symbol of the term is sometimes vulgar， vulgar and obscene， indecent indecency means， such as yellow film， erotica， yellow CD， and so These in the name of "yellow" in English and "yellow" has nothing to However， in another English word blue is the color used to indicate the kind of meaning in Chinese， such as the blue jokes (dirty joke)， blue films (yellow film) Second， the cultural differences in Western wedding First of all， in Western wedding culture and the first in the West in thinking about the differences: the Chinese people more conservative， like excitement， more old-fashioned thinking， so in the history of China for thousands of years the entire wedding customs did not change The thinking in the West is more open to the requirements of the wedding will be lower， they will be the climax of the wedding in the church: the sacred as the "wedding march" into the red carpet， Jiao Mei's father， the bride linked hands Rose walked slowly to the groom， the bride's father， daughter to the groom's hand on hand， her daughter's life will be entrusted to the groom， all eyes followed the couple， filled with well-being in their Second， the result of cultural differences wedding in the West because the West in a different China is mainly Buddhist， but the West is mainly C Therefore， the Western wedding is to be held in the church and the priest is Zhuhun R China's traditional customs of the most important part of the Bai Tiandi is， the worship heaven and earth even after the ceremony has 中西方文化差异表现在方方面面，从日常生活的打招呼用语、饮食文化等差异到思维方式等抽象方面的差异无所不在，下面着重从中西方颜色表达的差异，中西方婚礼文化差异等方面阐述。 一、中西方颜色表达的差异 不同颜色在不同语言中表达的方式并不一样。在中国代表一种意义，在西方又表示一种涵义，甚至对“颜色”的涵义理解恰恰相反。（一）red（红色）无论是在英语国家还是在中国，红色往往与庆祝活动或喜庆日子有关。日历中，这些日子常用红色字体，因此，red letter day：指的是“纪念日”或“喜庆的日子”。红色还指“负债”或“亏损”，因为人们总是用红笔登记负数。于是就有了这些词组：red figure赤字 in the red亏损汉语中常用的带“红”字的词语，翻译成英语，可不一定用“red”例如：　红糖brown sugar 红酒red wine （二） yellow黄色在英语和汉语中的引申含义差别比较大。英语中，yellow可以表示“胆小、卑怯、卑鄙”的意思，例如：a yellow dog 可鄙的人，卑鄙的人a yellow livered 胆小鬼汉语中黄色一词有时象征低级趣味、色情庸俗、下流猥亵的意思，如黄色电影、黄色书刊、黄色光碟等等。这些名称中的“黄”与英语中的“yellow”无关。然而，英语中另一个颜色词blue却常用来表示汉语中这类意思，如blue jokes（下流的玩笑）， blue films（黄色电影）等。 二、中西方婚礼文化差异 首先，中西方婚礼文化差异首先和中西方人在思维方面的差异有关：中国人比较保守，喜欢热闹，思维较古板，所以在中国历史几千年的时间里整个婚礼的习俗并没有多大的变化。而西方人的思想则比较开放，对于婚礼的要求也比较低，他们婚礼的高潮则是在教堂中：随着神圣的《婚礼进行曲》步入鲜红的地毯，娇美的新娘挽着父亲手捧玫瑰慢慢向新郎走去，新娘的父亲将女儿的手放在新郎的手上，将女儿的一生托付给新郎，所有人的目光注视着这对新人，幸福洋溢在他们的脸上。其次，造成中西方婚礼文化差异的原因是中西方不同的宗教。中国是以佛教为主，而西方则是基督教为主的。所以西方的婚礼是在教堂中举行而主婚人则是神甫。中方的传统婚俗中的最重要环节就是拜天地，拜了天地以后就算是礼成了。

Western novels in comparison First， Western novels in the history of the development of Western novels are based on myths and legends of its In ancient times， science developed， out of fear of nature， the working people out of the imagination is the key to many of the world "God"， describing the personification of God is a myth; who will describe the deified， that is China opened the world's Pan story， the story of San Juan Five Emperors， the West Greek mythology， Roman mythology， Norse mythology， and so on are all typical East and West， the original novel， is closely linked with the history， as historical records complement the China Pre-Qin prose in the fable， the Han dynasty in the history books， biographies， the Wei and Jin Zhi， Zhi-person novel; the West of ancient Babylon， "the United States and Ji Jia disabilities epic"， in ancient Greece， "Homer's epic，" "Aesop's Fables "And so on， fall into this category， fiction， novels such novels have been about the characteristics of fiction， it is still not the literary creation， directly from the private collection record， so this type of fiction plot is relatively simple， writing rough Ban Gu said， "On the Street Lane words， hearsay are made of" is a novel kind of accurate assessment of the China's Tang Dynasty， the novel is only from history and literature become a Tang Dynasty culture has developed， the author's ideas are more open， the legend came into being at this time， Li Zhaowei "Liu Yi Chuan"， Po Chu's "Everlasting Regret，" Wolf's "Everlasting Regret Chuan" And so on， are made in accordance with the creation of the For the fictional story of the Tang Dynasty more emphasis on imagination and literary talent， not just the history of the nature of things， but as the history of Zhi Zhi who is also the novel did not The Legend of the Song Dynasty to the novel on a gradual decline， which followed the rise of this so that after processing will become a scholar so many novel and Romance novels such as "Romance of the Three Kingdoms"， "Outlaws of the Marsh"， "Journey to the W" The author of such novels is the use of private creative and re-created to describe the circumstances of the touching scenes of brilliant and vivid active in shaping the character known， there are obvious story-telling style of Here by the redevelopment， it will become an independent literary creation rather than things to come together with the civil process， the representative of this type is the "Golden Lotus"， it was an open and ordinary life on the road， the reality is that literature has come a long way The development of the latter's "A Dream of Red Mansions" in ancient China Geng Shiba realism to the novels of the "54" after the novelist began to learn from China's western fiction writing practices， and gradually out a new Western novels， is the "Renaissance" after the rapid development of The development of the Middle Ages novel near-stagnation in the West， 14， the end of the century "Renaissance" to overthrow the literature of the Church of control， 15， appeared in the western end of the century to promote freedom of thought and the liberation of personality in order to describe the reality of life and portray characters from all walks of life for the content of the Humanist novels， is to tie in with this type of novel anti-feudal Europe at the time of arising at the same time it also set the novel in the West to human describing the tone of the main Jiaqiu Italy's "Decameron"， Spain's Cervantes "Don Quixote" is the kind of representative works of The resulting novel is a classical， elegant favor of its national language to standardize the writing of this novel in 17th century France's most well- As a note on behalf of Corneille's "Cid" neoclassical story of the rise of Western novels have been a language substantially The beginning of the 18th century to promote popular science knowledge， enlightenment of the public consciousness for the purpose of the Enlightenment novels， of which there are relatively well-known German Goethe's "Faust"， the United Kingdom Defoe's "Robinson Crusoe" and the Swift "Gulliver's Travels" and so on， this type of novel to the emergence of the bourgeois revolution at the time to mold public In the 19th century， romantic fiction， realistic novels and critical realism novel turn to occupy the leading position in the field of Romantic novels， such as France Victor Hugo's "Notre Dame de Paris"， Goethe's "juvenile Witt of trouble" and so on， imaginative， unusual ideas， language and imaginative， strong Efforts to reflect the reality of the novel is the essence of life， and depict typical life of a typical phenomenon in the United Kingdom Dickens， France and Germany are of such novels as a representative of the Critical realism novels exposed the efforts of the decadent feudal system and capitalist society， the dark， in-depth criticism of the reality of evil， France Balzac and Maupassant， the United Kingdom of Charlotte， Bronte， Russia's Tolstoy， Dostoevsky， the United States of a large number of writers such as Mark Twain's works belong to this Value today， the three novels in the West is still the most important of the three types of literary East-West novel on the history of the development of more or less the Second， the characteristics of the novel in the West In addition to the basic characteristics of the novel， the story of the West also have their own characteristics are as follows: 1， the traditional Chinese novel attention to the characters， language and the details of the description， in contradiction to the conflict to display the images， but the character of a single， small changes in the absence of the main Western novels are more people pay attention to the psychological description， stressed that mining figure in the subconscious mind， good at writing full， the changes in the strong sense of the main Again， "coach Lin Feng Snow Mountain Temple" in the figure is only through dialogue and action leads to contradictions and conflicts， but Anna Karenina Wogui before a series of conflicts only with his description of the psychological will be able to express their clear; for poetry in Lin In the performance of her literary talent， and Paul with his inner monologue of the ideal; Zhang Zhong-Yong has only the character， but Jane Eyre's character is the brave， strong， warm， kind-hearted， and so many of the character and rubbing and Cheng' In short， people in the area described in the West has its own unique 2， China compared with Western fiction novel plot twists and turns more and more complete Plot twists and turns， the story is complete fiction China's unique traditional The Wei and Jin Zhi Zhi people on the novel twists and turns with vivid Tang legend in the layout of many of the famous， magnificent anomaly， rigorous and clever， dramatic plot The contents of the Ming and Qing Dynasties novels scattered irregular， undulating waves， Cuoluoyouzhi， careful structure， an integral "A Dream of Red Mansions"， everywhere She Fu， Hui turning point， the story of Jia's best Western plot in respect of the outstanding works， although there are many， but it can not be compared with the Chinese 3， concise and lively Chinese language novel， rich in content and rich Western Chinese folk artists absorbed the novel language， at the same time inherited the fine traditions of ancient prose， often a few words will be able to outline the incident or the Western novels in the author includes a broad range of knowledge， involve the community in many ways， so rich in content and rich people can gain knowledge in many Engels said he was in Balzac's novel about 19th century France's domestic situation than he received any reports are Western novels have different characteristics， and also in the West different aesthetic concepts to a certain extent 4， Western novels have been the rule of the feudal culture of oppression Chinese feudal culture makes the development of the novel is extremely difficult， Ming and Qing Dynasties more people to write stories for shame， so many great writers living， creating the conditions are not covered， many of the great works of authors who do not Western novels in the feudal culture makes almost the whole of the Middle Ages in the development of extremely slow， and many talented writers were forced to church services， wrote some of the religious nature of the article dry Third， Western novels in the future prospects for the development of End of the Qing Dynasty， China and the West have begun to understand the other side of the system， the advantages of the novel in the West have been constantly learn from each Of course， due to historical reasons， the Chinese side of the draw a little To this day， the novelist in the West efforts are still two researchers in the novel's artistic charm， although the different languages of each other's appreciation of the arts to a certain extent， but the United States are We have every reason to believe that in the near future， the novel art in the West will ultimately learn from each other and integrate， develop and reach new artistic References: "Foreign Literature" Shanghai Translation Publishing House Zhou Xu Liang "Contemporary Literature election，" Zhang Zhong， such as Beijing University Publishing House "Chinese literature history of the development of" Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House Liu Jie "Literary History of Europe" People's Literature Publishing House Yangzhou Han Wu Da-yuan Zhao Rui radish "Three high school language textbook used by the five dates of the" People's Education Press仅供参考，请自借鉴。希望对您有帮助。

中西方思维方式比较论文题目

一、中西方思维方式的主要差异　　在世界文化发展史上，存在着诸多相对独立的文化体系。在这些文化体系中，只有中国文化数千年来在一个相对不变的宇宙观、政治制度、伦理信条、人生理想中毫不间断地延续下来;只有西方文化从一开始就产生了民主制度， 并以大起大落、重心不断转移的旋律突飞猛进，成为人类前进的火车头。那么这样截然不同的发展结果是什么原因造成的呢?或许可以从中西方不同的思维方式来探 究一番，因为在思维与文化之间存在着一个认识论的循环，使得二者能够相互生成。正是中西方人不同的思维方式，导引出中西方文化发展的不同轨迹，从而使中西 方人在社会生产和生活中形成了不同的甚至完全相反的特征。在面对世界的时候，中西方人眼中的世界是不同的，均按照各自的文化精神、宇宙观来思考和理解这个 世界。　　(一)感性直觉思维与理性逻辑思维　　中国传统思维重视感性直觉思维，西方传统思维重视理性逻辑思维。林语堂认为:“中国人的头脑羞于抽象的词藻，喜欢妇女的语言。 中国人的思维方式是综合的、具体的。”“中国人在很大程度上依靠直觉去揭开自然界之谜”，这些话虽然极端，但不乏几分道理。中国自古以来逻辑学不发达，不 善于理性的分析和逻辑思维，抽象水平很低。我们把两千多年前的墨家几何学和欧几里德几何学来进行比较，墨家几何形成“端”、“尺”、“区”、“中”、 “平”等概念，而欧氏几何则形成“点”、“线”、“面”、“长”、“宽”、“高”等概念，显然“点”比“端”、“线”比“尺”、“面”比“区”，要抽象得 多，已经是一个抽象概念。它们之间的区别，是经验概括和抽象概念的区别，端、尺、区仍停留在直观性和形象性的层次上。今天许多人写文章仍喜欢用比较形象的 词语表达深奥抽象的理论。如写作理论把直截了当的开头称为“单刀直入”，把巧妙地指出文章的主题叫“画龙点睛”，把轻描淡写称为“蜻蜒点水”。中国的形容 词、成语特别多，几乎每个词都有一个意象，而抽象名词又特别少，这样使得优美、富有意境的汉语诗歌、散文翻译成西方语言时往往失去了原来的韵味;而西方的科学论文翻译成中文，又很难找到相近的词语表达，以致近现代一些翻译家不得不大量创造一些新的词汇适应西方科学著作的翻译。 中国传统思维重内省顿悟、重类比推理，先直觉到某一真理，然后再用多种具体比较和形象寓意阐述。如论证“阴”和“阳”普遍存在，举出天地、日月、男女、君 臣、气血等作以说明。这样一来，可能会产生出许多天才的联想，但却缺乏严密性和科学性。西方重实验验证、重归纳和演绎。爱因斯坦把西方科学思维归结为形式 逻辑和实验。形式逻辑使概念确定，实验使概念具有数学定量化的公式，并有一最终对正确和错误进行评判的标准。由此我们不难理解，我国古代有世界最早、最丰富的哈雷慧星的观察记载，但计算出哈雷慧星的周期、轨迹的反而是哈雷和牛顿。　　(二)整体性思维与解析性思维　　“以整体性为特征的‘元气论’和以个体性为特征的‘原子论’分别对中西思维方式产生了深远影响，前者横向铺开，注重事物的相互关系和整体把握;后者纵 向深入，注重事物的分析解剖和个体研究”。中国人的整体观念根源于对自然界的朴素认识，按照自然界的本来面目把它当作一个整体来观察。人与自然，个体与社 会不可分割，互相影响，互相对应，把一切都放在关系网中从整体上综合考察其有机联系。这种思维方式善于从客观的具象出发，通过类比联想对客体进行抽象，寻 求其普遍性。这种多方向的类比联想包括从个体到个体，从个体到一般，从一般到一般和从一般到个体的思考，因此具有鲜明的综合整体特征。虽然这种整体观念比 较容易把握事物发展的全貌，可是难以揭示现象背后的深刻原因，从而只能得出停留在现象上的结论。

(一)思维方式上方面，西方人注重思辨、理性、分析、实证，剖析整体再加以综合;中国人注重直观、整体、经验。在西方哲人看来，只有思辨性的东西才是最真实、最完善、最美好的。从古希腊时代起，自然科学家和哲学家们都把抽象思维和逻辑思维方式作为认识和把握事物真理的最基本手段，并把“分析学”或“逻辑学”视为一切科学的工具。这种思维方式，推动了西方科学的发展。　　中国传统的思维方式，不是通过归纳推理，演绎推导，而是基于事实，凭借已有的经验和知识，对客观事物的本质及其规律性加以识别、理解和进行整体判断。与直观的思维方式相联系，中国人认识世界的方式是“体知”而不是“认知”。老子首创了“体道”说。“体道”，就是以心灵体验的方式去把握宇宙的根本之道。儒家是把认识的对象作为人类自我意识外化的伦理情感的整体来体验的，从中寻找对主体伦理、价值规范的印证。　　(二)价值取向方面，西方人注重以自我为中心，重个人、重竞争;中国人注重群体、社会、和谐。西方人的价值观认为，个人是人类社会的基点。每个人的生存方式及生存质量都取决于自己的能力，有个人才有社会整体。因此，不习惯关心他人，帮助他人，不过问他人的事，甚至把主动帮助别人或接受别人的帮助看作是令人难堪的事，以为接受别人的帮助是证明自己无能，而主动帮助别人会被认为是干涉别人私事。他们提倡每个人应表现出自己的个性，越是表现出自我个性，越能体现人生的价值。因此，人与人之间的竞争意识很强，靠竞争来取得自己的利益，实现自己的价值。　　中国古代一般把“竞”、“争”当作不好的事情，而提倡“忍”、“让”，缺少对公平竞争的尊重和向往。儒家学说强调的是“长幼尊卑”的等级秩序，道家学说强调的是“无为、不争、若水、争雌”，儒道互补，再加上皇权的愚昧与残酷，中国人的思想意识里比较缺少“竞争”的观念。中国人的价值观，强调群体意识，社会意识，个人利益应当服从社会整体利益，只有整个社会得到发展，个人才能得到最大利益。中国文化推崇一种高尚的、无私奉献的情操。主动关心别人，给人以关怀是一种美德。但是个人竞争意识、拼搏意识不强，存在依赖性。　　(三)伦理道德方面，西方人注重个人放任，创新发展，张扬荣誉;中国人注重谦虚谨慎，不偏不倚。西方人崇尚个人奋斗，尤其为个人取得成就而自豪，从不掩饰自己的自信心、荣誉感和获得成就后的狂喜;西方文化鼓励个人开拓创新，做一番前人未做过的，杰出超凡的事业;西方人的家庭观念比较淡漠。子女一旦结婚，经济上必须独立，父母不再有义务资助子女。这种做法给青年人提供了最大限度的自由，培养其独立生活的能力，但亲属关系比较疏远。　　中国文化在个人取得成就时，不主张炫耀个人荣誉，而是提倡谦虚谨慎，反对“王婆卖瓜”。这种谦虚在西方人看来，不仅否定了自己，还否定了赞扬者的鉴赏力，在资本主义市场竞争中是行不通的。在人际关系上，中国传统的文化则要求人们不偏不倚，走中庸之道，维护现状，保持和谐。对待家庭，喜欢大家团聚，老人帮助照看儿孙，以备养老送终。虽然密切了亲情关系，但这种生活方式，不利于青年人独立能力的养成。　　(四)行为规范方面，西方人“重利”、“重法”，中国人“重义”、“重情”。西方社会由于强调以个人权利为基准，以追求私利为目标，因此不重视人与人之间的情义。只有依靠法律才能解决人与人之间的矛盾。法律既可以保护个人的权利，也可以制裁侵犯人权的行为，因此，西方国家法治的发展是与人的权利价值观有密切关系的。

道可道　非常道　名可名，非常名。无名天地之始；有名万物之母。　　学者梁燕城访谈：太初有道、道(Logos)是信息的意思。神的话成为万有的根据，也成为万有的规律。当代的量子力学就非常奇妙地发现，万有事实上是根据很多信息的秩序组成。这主要是由戴维•玻姆（DavidBohm），著名的量子力学大师提出说：万有有一个看不见的秩序，叫“ImplicateOrder”，里面都是非常复杂的信息系统，造成我们看见的秩序，叫作“ExplicateOrder”。中文“道”这个字也有信息、语言的意思。老子那个时候非常奇妙地体会到，宇宙背后是有真理的信息存在。《庄子》里面提到：“夫道，有情有信”。从前后文里还可以看到，庄子心中的神是有位格的。这个传统一直到1911年，就是上帝是没有形像的。天坛里没有偶像，祈年殿里一个偶像都没有，里面只有一个牌子，叫“皇天上帝”。中国祖先本来就相信无形的上帝，老子、庄子事实上是继承这个传统而来。这正是《圣经》里的内容，上帝是个灵、而且恨恶世人崇拜偶像。　　在牛津的博德莱安图书馆里有一份手稿，作者名叫马斯——乌迪。他在这份手稿中宣称所谓胡夫的金字塔是埃及王苏里特叫人建造的，而这个苏里特是在大洪水前统治埃及的。根据其它文献记载，这位目光深远的苏里特王命令他的僧侣们，写下他们的全部常识，藏在金字塔里，给洪水后的人们留下必要的知识。　　《圣经》创世记前11章，关于人类早期共同史的记述，在中国古经中几乎都可以找到印证：　　《周易》也神秘地说：七日来复，天行也；　　《圣经》说：上帝造物的工已经完毕，就在第七日歇了他一切的工，安息了。　　《淮南子》上说：天下有四水，凡此四水者，帝之神泉，以和百药，以润万物；　　《圣经》说：伊甸园里有四条河，流出珍珠玛瑙。　　《山海经》上说：当初有不死树和圣树，圣树又叫睿木，“食之令人圣智也”；　　《圣经》说：伊甸园中有生命树和智慧树。　　《尚书》和《国语》上说：人犯了罪，上帝命令重黎堵绝天路，上下不相来往；　　《圣经》说：人类始祖贪吃了智慧树上的果子，被上帝赶出伊甸园，并有基路伯和火焰之剑，阻断了人神通路。　　《老子》说：天地之母，万物之根，众妙之源，从无中生有，乃天地之始；　　《庄子》说：有情有信，无为无形，可传而不可受，可得而不可见；　　《圣经》说：太初有道，道就是上帝，生命在他里头，这生命是人的光。　　一位伟大的学者在美国神学院读书时，发现《老子》与《圣经》有奇妙相通之处。老子的道，是自有永有者，造化养育者，超越者，启示者，生命者，公义者，拯救者，这七点很像上帝的属性。无神论者把道归于自然神，其实老子的道不乏人格特征，有信实、有恩德、有慈爱、有赏罚、能赦罪、能教化。更神奇的是，惜字如金的老子竟然着重笔墨描述一位道的化身圣人：自有永有者，造化养育者，超越者，启示者，生命者，公义者，拯救者。说他承袭上天大道的光明和永恒，来普救世人。知其荣、守其辱、知其白、守其黑、成为世人认识大道的中介。圣人秉持大道本像，普天下的人都前往归向他，领受平安。他外表粗卑、内怀宝贝，能将众人从过犯中领回来。最后，老子竟然暗示这位圣人要受辱受难，却作主作王，直到永远，是谁?　　查考世上所有的经典、教门的主子都对不上号，唯独道成肉身的耶稣基督非常酷似。这2500年前的古人是怎么知道《圣经》中“道成肉身的耶稣”的呢? 这的确是一个巨大的、神圣的、跨越时空的谜团。　　老子说：道是万物之主、是善人的宝贝、罪人的中保。美好的言辞固然可以博取尊荣、美好的行为固然使人得到敬重，然而人的不善怎能被剔除干净呢? 所以，就是立为天子，身为太师、太傅、太保，财宝无数、荣华加身，还不如坐进这大道里呢。古时候为什么重视道呢? 不就是因为在道里面，寻求就能得着，有罪可得赦免吗? 所以道是天下最宝贵的啊！　　老子的笔墨中展示给人间的不正是《圣经》中上帝的天国、耶稣的救赎吗? 　　《尚书》、《诗经》都记载着：中国人来自上帝。早在老子古经中便记载旧约《圣经》预言中的“耶稣”。而且两千多年来，举凡太平盛世，竟无一不是遵循了老子之学说。顺天道治国的皇帝，囊括了仅有的几百年辉煌时代。文景之治、光武中兴、贞观之治、开元之治等等。孔子倾注毕生心力宣扬敬天爱人的忠恕之道，当代多个皇帝均尊纯了老子“天道”的统治方式，那么老子的神学知识是那里来的呢？就目前世界不管任何一种教门的国家，他们的统治方式都在努力提高到上帝的道上来，这又是为什么?　　清皇康熙说：中国人的“上帝”就是真神，天不是物质的天。康熙亲临宣武教堂，题写了“敬天”和“万有真原”两副扁额，又作诗称颂耶稣：“功求十架血成溪，百丈恩流分自西。”在《生命之宝》一文中，康熙明确表示：“天门久为初人闭，福路全是圣子通。我愿接受神圣子，儿子明分得永生。”　　古人老子、孔子、孟子对“道”的认识，已如此入神境界，实令人难以置信。其代表着中国的古人，代表着中国的文化。他的“道”影响着整个中国尽至世界的每个人的行为和思想。　　可悲的是现今一辈自己不进去，却连急俗得到真知走进真理的下辈也挡在门口。而至今只能在未接触过这批“贵人”的最低层中找到蛛丝马迹：　　《广东新闻网》2011年10月21日10:12王华报道：10月13日晚，两岁女童小悦悦在佛山市某市场内被两辆车相继辗过，肇事车辆逃逸。18名路人陆续经过均对躺在地上奄奄一息的孩子视而不见。让人想不到的是，最后伸出援手的竟然是一位俗世里被视为生活在最底层的人，捡垃圾的阿婆。期间，阿婆想向附近店主要块纸皮为孩子遮挡有些凉意的秋雨，亦被拒绝。 历史以来，司机驾车交通肇事撞伤了人，伤者都是理直气壮责令司机赔偿，司机都是礼亏连连道歉。可是现今被车撞伤者爬起来就逃，问曰何故?答：我怕又是高校大三的大学生药家鑫！　　老辈人们看到读书人都会夸耀说：“读书人讲句话都特别有道理，不像我们斗大的字不识一箩筐的文盲，开口就只知道讲女人、男人那一点东西”。可是现今算是文化的中国，耳朵听到的、眼睛看见的，千篇一律。都是男人、女人的那个“爱”。或者几个男的争一个老婆、或者几个女的争一个老公。一夫多妻、一妻多夫，杀人的、放火的也是自家园子，通行无阻。现今的文化已经傻到随眼见到的都是胡编乱造，谎话连篇累牍，而真话却无处寻觅的朝代。当然聂耳、洗星海已经死了这是事实，但活着、真正有一定艺术水准、记录写实的近代作品也被挤到角落里，成了葱蒜。　　古人早已给后人作过警告，就汉字信息也明白罢着：一人二女则是“爽”字，不难发现一人两边颈上是4个“杀”字的头，按麻衣相法用语：即凶多没吉。你若认真地去看一下，也是斜着的罗马人死刑犯用的4个十字架；就国内而论，刚好是冲军犯人戴在头颈的一个枷(锁)。古人说：“万恶淫为首”，冲军路上小心“爽”死。　　60岁的粗人都知道，古人对这个字的造词指向是十分狭隘的，往往都只两个人、夜里床上才好轻声说的话，可怜的今天打开电视就能听到，“爽XX”、“XX爽”还作为光彩照人的时尚广告。什么话还讲不清楚、刚学说话的婴孩却先会“爽XX”！你若反对恐怕就得挨罚款，因为是国家批准当产品商标的。　　公安不辞辛苦天天在扫黄，而名牌的幼儿用、小儿科教片打开就听见“谈恋爱啦！” 2010年4月8日《杭州日报》B11版告诉人们：开发商的卖房广告：“卵巢寻找精子”、“如果你不能给她一个名分，那就送她一套房子”、手提红裙露出大腿的靓女画旁“要提，还要往上提”等雷人广告已经出现。60岁的人答不出的有关男女问题，现今6岁的孩童都能回答。不论看的、听的若不加上男的女的哪些事休想出版、上架。历史以来关于男、女哪些事，没有一个朝代能写得如此透彻、细腻，比现今更精粹了。　　若借着有把“靠椅”就是为了“机不可失”、调节一下精神，倒是情有可原，否则，哪中国的爱国人士该放声大哭了，它所折射的已不只是一付简单的中国画像。　　2009年8月6日《杭州日报》B7版文章：八岁儿子给他们女班长写情书；　　2007年3月9日《钱江晚报》A12版文章：11岁女孩遇害，谜底令人震惊，凶手今年12岁。文章说：11岁的小女孩就因为不接受12岁小男孩歪歪斜斜的“我爱你”三个字送了命。　　更可悲的是，党中央再三强调“社会和谐、人民稳定”的今天，“弱肉强食”斗争“进化论” 新、老剧本通行无阻，而历史悠久极力推行的孔子、孟子、老子优良传统的“天道”实体；世界上最古老的人类道德源头、中国文化背景；劝人为善、不要犯罪、否认地上“有神论”的《圣经》有关文章出版界成了一条不可碰的红线、上不了架。人啊! 一个失去了心灵的口头道德世界，用子弹是无法收服的。我国祖先文明建设靠的就是： 一直传到今天从未分离的“道德”二字，若没有了“道”还有什么“德”呢?

中国偏向形象思维，西方偏向抽象思维中国偏重于形象思维。中国的孩子从启蒙阶段开始，就会接触到大量运用形象类比手法的古诗词、中国寓言和成语故事等。在小学阶段，形象思维的培养和训练更多，如形声字、描写类作文的学习等。抽象思维在中国低年级教学中占比则相对较少。欧美等西方国家则偏重于抽象思维。在古希腊时期，逻辑学就十分发达，后来的三段论等推理的理念，也成为西方人思维模式的重要组成部分。同时，西方人的抽象思维也体现在对事物的定义上，和较宏观的、描述性的形象思维不同，抽象思维更多聚焦于微观、概括或概念。