金融热点论文3000字题目怎么写的
金融热点论文3000字题目怎么写的
金融学论文的题目应该是这样写的,先把你所想写的那个金融有关的题目先拟定好,然后根据题目的主题所写出相应的内容。
学术堂整理了十五个金融经济学方面和证券有关的论文题目: 1、我国金融业综合化经营与监管问题探析 2、中国股指期货投资的风险管理 3、中国股指期货推出后对股票市场的影响 4、外资银行在中国设立分支机构所要求的经营环境研究 5、股权投资基金研究 6、证券投资基金业绩评价研究 7、认股权证定价的实证研究 8、股指期货交易策略研究 9、物流金融发展研究 10、黄金市场投资策略研究 11、高新技术企业融资困境及其对策研究 12、我国证券市场内幕交易研究 13、期货价格与现货价格的关系研究 14、中国股票市场“政策市”表现及原因探析 15、股票发行制度创新研究
学术堂整理了十个经济金融类的论文题目,供大家进行选择: 1、我国开放式证券投资基金业绩评价实证研究 2、基于行为金融理论下的市场有效性研究与证券价值分析 3、我国证券市场股权结构的制度安排与改革 4、汽车金融中的信贷资产证券化研究 5、金融中介理论和我国全能银行的发展 6、重构我国农村金融体系研究 7、关于建立我国中小企业政策性金融体系的思考 8、金融衍生工具监管制度研究 9、我国商业银行房地产金融风险及其防范 10、世界金融监管模式的发展及我国之借鉴
学术堂整理了十五个新颖的金融经济学论文题目供大家进行参考: 1、经典金融经济学理论体系若干矛盾与重构思考 2、经济金融化与金融经济学的发展 3、汇率调整对我国贸易收支影响的金融经济学分析 4、“国进民退”的五大后果——专访耶鲁大学金融经济学终身教授陈志武 5、对金融经济学的发展金融深化论 6、金融经济学十讲 7、货币金融经济学 8、金融经济学的研究范式及其演进——行为金融与标准金融研究范式之比较 9、经济泡沫与泡沫经济——一个基于金融经济学的考察视角 10、理查德·罗尔对金融经济学的贡献 11、马克思主义认识论的数学描述及其在金融经济学中的一个应用 12、金融经济学课程教学改革与实践探索 13、基于金融经济学的股票市场稳定研究 14、金融经济学教程 15、金融经济学研究的国际动态——基于1990—2011年间《金融学期刊》刊发论文的统计分析
金融热点论文3000字题目怎么写
金庸说,论文题目一般怎么写,金庸冷,寂寞。一般的来说就是要根据自己的一些具体情况。那鞋诶金庸金庸的呃。方方面面的东西,这样的话是金庸冷门是比较呃金,金庸冷门是比较特殊的一部分。
金融学论文的题目应该是这样写的,先把你所想写的那个金融有关的题目先拟定好,然后根据题目的主题所写出相应的内容。
经济大衰退,乐观估计,至少要在2至3年后才可能恢复。我刚从美国回来,美国许多企业由于业务萎缩而冻结招聘,波音公司要进一步裁员。作为我国第一大贸易伙伴的美国实体经济疲软,直接造成我国的出口企业面临严峻形势,首当其冲受到影响的是金融、证券投资、国际贸易、房地产、汽车等行业。此时正值大学毕业生求职的重要时期,金融危机会给大学生就业造成多大的影响,还难以预测,但目前可以初步判断,随着金融危机影响的日益扩散,首先是跨国公司和外包公司业务萎缩,会减少用人数量及其冻结招聘;其次国内为国外产业提供零部件、原材料、半成品的制造业、出口型企业也会受到影响;当然会影响到下游的原材料和能源工业影响较大。政府救市政策出台,会刺激建筑业的需求,从而带动原材料和能源工业的恢复,但是见效果有一个滞后时间,所以正在找工作的大学生还不一定能感受到政策的效果。2009届大学毕业生需要就业的高达600多万,就业形势不容乐观。 受影响较大的是财经类专业,因为企业业务萎缩,首先减少的是财经类管理人员的需求,其次是技术人员的需求。其次是建筑、能源、机械、 IT类专业会受影响。这种影响表现在两个方面,企业招聘人数下降带来的就业率下降,由于大学生就业市场的卖压增加造成薪资下降。即便是不在上述的专业范围内的大学毕业生,也会由于市场的大环境而不得不接受较低薪资。 对于已经就业困难的专业、地区和大学,这次经济萧条是雪上加霜。所以,应届大学毕业生应该调整求职心态和期待,渡过最严重的 一次经济萧条与就业冬天。如果就业不行或没有理想就业,不妨以读研和留学来躲几年,待就业形势好转再行求职。要提醒大家是,经济不好时美国人读研的特别多,留学非常难录取和获得资助,同样国内考研竞争也会很激烈。希望教育部拿出政府四万亿救市的气魄来,马上把研究生招收名额大幅度增加。
论文 写作 ,自己百度 论文写作宝典 ,主要是参考格式 和思路大热点找小方向,这就是我给你的指导,方向太大,写什么都 空,都像是列提纲百度 自己搜索吧 或者 上 财经 杂志 网站 、金融街 网站金融 改革2011年,关乎老百姓生活的金融理财热点: 1、加息。2011年,央行还有3-5次加息空间。对老百姓存款心理影响很大。2、通货膨胀。这个是老百姓实实在在感受到的威胁。一斤普通的白菜从原来的几毛钱涨到几块钱,一斤鸡蛋从3元钱涨到9块,国际粮价已经连涨8个多月。通胀凶猛,这个无需再说。2011年,高通胀已无法避免。钱不值钱已成常态。如何让手中前保值增值不贬值3、粮食歉收。去年冬天至今,北方冬小麦种植区遭遇了大范围的旱灾,影响面达到了4成左右,这将影响中国今年粮食收成,减产很可能在2011年发生。而近期国务院也出台措施保农业,尤其明确提高稻谷收购价格。粮价上涨也成必然。粮农价格难降,CPI必然难以回落!4、 房地产。2011年,一定是严调之年,在重压之下,房地产难有大作为。市场的需求基础依然强劲。但限购将严重影响成交量,没有成交,价格也难保持升势。限购期间,也许就是首套房最佳购买时机,至少,在这段限购期内,房价不会再疯涨,反而还有可能微跌!
金融热点论文3000字开头题目怎么写
1、论文题目:要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。2、目录:目录是论文中主要段落的简表。(短篇论文不必列目录)3、提要:是文章主要内容的摘录,要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字,多不超过三百字为宜。4、关键词或主题词:关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的,是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语,便于信息系统汇集,以供读者检索。每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词,另起一行,排在“提要”的左下方。 主题词是经过规范化的词,在确定主题词时,要对论文进行主题,依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。5、论文正文:(1)引言:引言又称前言、序言和导言,用在论文的开头。引言一般要概括地写出作者意图,说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。 〈2)论文正文:正文是论文的主体,正文应包括论点、论据、论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容:提出-论点;分析问题-论据和论证;解决问题-论证与步骤;结论。 论文提纲也可以用最简单的格式和分类,简单明了地说明论文的目的、依据和意义,甚至是两句话。这种提纲往往是用于科学论文,而且在对于各种概念有相互联系而不是孤立的出来讨论的情况下。如果总要分出1、2、点来写的话,往往会变成“八股文”的模式,这样的论文往往是应付式的论文,其真正的科学价值会大打折扣。
金融学论文题目一般怎么写来说的话,写这种金融方面的题目,能说的话已经弄开,党方面的写
金庸说,论文题目一般怎么写,金庸冷,寂寞。一般的来说就是要根据自己的一些具体情况。那鞋诶金庸金庸的呃。方方面面的东西,这样的话是金庸冷门是比较呃金,金庸冷门是比较特殊的一部分。
金融学的论文题目一般写的话其实很简单的只要扣题目就可以了,紧扣中心思想这就是一个好的论文题目
金融热点论文3000字内容怎么写的
Financial crisis in the insurance intermediary John cenaIn the short term insurance intermediaries to survive more pressure from the insurance industry itself, financial intermediaries on the crisis in the industry have a direct impact is These include a limited impact, originally planned in the near future listing of intermediaries may be extended indefinitely; global capital markets in the doldrums, so that the listing and other financing are more difficult to obtain venture capital and additional investment cost will be □ Wang Jin By the time the US loan crisis triggered by the financial tsunami from the United States has spread to the global financial crisis the industry has penetrated into the real economy and lead to a global economic Many well-known economists believe that the crisis in the breadth, scope, and the degree of hazard than the 1920s crisis of the century In the face of this crisis, governments around the world have made a very timely response and have implemented a series of measures and policies to The positive impact of financial crisis The global insurance industry The crisis on the global insurance industry has an enormous negative The world's largest insurance group American International Group (AIG) suffered a crisis of bankruptcy, and the US government to enable it to rescue a huge According to estimates, there are a number of insurance companies to invest in huge losses of mortar nests, within two years if the global capital market is not big improvement, the insurance companies will be very difficult to support the insurance From the breadth and depth of the crisis point of view, the global economy and capital markets recovery may take Pessimistic, over the next two years, on a global scale, or there will be more difficult and even insurance companies into Insurance intermediary is not optimistic about the Marsh (Marsh), Aon Corporation (Aon), Willis (Willis), and other institutions in the same period a profit decline, the stock In the economic globalization, China's insurance industry could not escape the global financial crisis, the direct China Ping An Group's overseas investment is almost tragically, the loss of their need to be able to make up for the operation of a number of The insurance industry is also part of the domestic investment significantly from last year's surplus into a floating F Insurance misfortunes never come singly, part of the investment loss, or part of the underwriting loss or gave birth to the potential In 2008, the Insurance industry's underwriting losses almost certain, and life insurance company through various channels for a large number of sales even dangerous, such as universal insurance to investment-oriented insurance are no huge If in the next few years can not have a certain amount of investment income, perhaps to a certain point in the future to cover the outbreak of the crisis may lead to further life insurance company bankrupt a domino Professional insurance intermediary In the short term survival pressures Leaving the marketing and insurance agents and industry, professional insurance intermediary companies from the three main categories: insurance agents, insurance brokers and insurance As we all know, in the insurance industry, professional intermediaries are very small and Over the years, through insurance agents and insurance brokers for the realization of the total premium size of the premium has not been able to break 3% of the public insurance assessment companies in coastal areas to play a role in the development of the Midwest and Northeast are very From the figures, the professional insurance intermediary for the insurance industry contribution to the small, almost Professional insurance intermediary for the insurance industry with its limited contribution to the commitment of the insurance and related Insurance is basically all-round organ, the actuarial, product development, product sales, a single, nuclear security, scheduled for loss, claims, investment and so on all the functions of its direct sales business difficult to achieve, agents and brokers to help their bodies to complete, the agent Brokers and agencies of its direct sales only added Public service is also estimated insurance claims of the department In many cases, customers need a strong, or insurance claims department is difficult to operate, the public insurance assessment will be It is clear that if the insurance company to maintain its "large" the functions of the professional insurance intermediary to the development of the space is very In the short term, insurers will continue its "large" Strengthen the direct sales business is still in, for example, the Insurance companies are still greater efforts to promote direct telephone business, life insurance companies also continue to expand its marketing In the direct extrusion business, led by auto insurance agent to increase the pressure to survive, led by life insurance agents must be more life insurance salesmen in direct competition, the industry is still in the loss of state agents Companies, operating in the short term will be even more Insurance agents and brokers industry a little different, top 50 brokers in approximately 80% of all shareholders to support a strong background or context of foreign investment, these companies completely dominated the brokerage Shareholders do not support the context of foreign investment and brokerage firm, do not have to face old colleagues, but also insurance companies and direct face-to-face competition advantage does not exist, to survive together, to mention In addition, the financial crisis in the insurance industry under the adverse investment policies to cover benefits the poor, in regard to insurance payment is likely too severe, which often affect the agency's service quality, easily lead to the loss of policy holders on the agency's confidence and At the same time, insurance companies and their harsh on the commission paid by the inertia of the agency may have a negative Parts of the insurance companies may even join forces, compression and the public commission estimated the cost ratio, which not only damage the interests of the intermediary industry, but also hindered the intermediary service innovation is not conducive to policy holders for the agency to provide better, more comprehensive insurance S As a result, within a short period of survival intermediaries more pressure from the insurance industry itself, financial intermediaries on the crisis in the industry have a direct impact is These limited the impact of the original plan in the near future, including the listing of intermediaries may be extended indefinitely; global capital markets in the doldrums, so that the listing and other financing are more difficult to obtain venture capital and additional investment cost will be Bigger and stronger insurance industry Can not do without intermediaries All walks of life can not be separated from the development of intermediary The emergence of various types of intermediaries and prosperity of the market to lower transaction costs and improve market efficiency, greatly promoted the development of all walks of life and global The insurance industry in developed countries, insurance companies will not only become bigger, stronger, the agency also very strong, very well- The development of intermediary institutions need specialization in accordance with the insurance company's request to reduce operating costs and improve operational efficiency as the goal, some of the functions of a "Large" is based on cost-efficiency and low cost, to break the "large" system, insurance companies will be able to radically reduce operating costs, out of the underwriting loss for the difficulties emerging from the shadow of financial crisis and enhance core competitiveness, Will be able to show in the international arena Although the domestic professional intermediaries is also very weak, but is fully capable to assume certain functions of the insurance Shenzhen's insurance sector to pioneer the first transfer of vehicle accidents Gusun functions to the people too, led by an assessment of the public sector to grow rapidly in the near Practice has proved that the domestic and foreign insurance companies to shift some of its non-core functions of the first to benefit from the insurance companies, policyholders can get better service, an intermediary to get the healthy development of the industry; intermediary and the healthy development of the industry, in turn, further reduce the insurance companies The cost of outsourcing services for the insured to provide a better And other industries, the insurance industry specialization is the trend of the times, but also insurance companies to lower operating costs, increase efficiency in the one and only If the insurance companies to gradually transfer the sales, a single, Gu Sun, claims, risk management, customers and even some of the functions such as actuarial, to maintain its core competence, more professional intermediaries, such as generation, a single company, estimated the public, Set loss, detection, security management, actuarial, and other companies will soon emerge and development of the insurance industry, the principal will have a stronger competitive edge, industry-wide decline in operating costs, improve service levels, the whole society on the insurance industry Greater confidence and Prudential case, the insurance industry not only bigger, stronger, but also will become the envy of everyone's career
作为一个世界上庞大的经济体,作为一种外向型的经济体,中国不可能在这场世界性的金融危机中独善其身。但更为重要的是,我们必须冷静地看待这种影响,只有这样,我们的信心才会有根源,我们才能够化“危”为“机”,从容应对这场危机对我们的不利影响,同时不错过进一步发展的机遇。 在可见的层面,那些严重依赖国外市场的产业和企业肯定会受到非常不利的影响。这里面包括玩具等基本上依靠国外市场生存的企业,也包括纺织业等相当程度上依赖外国市场的企业。但是,这样的行业还不是受到不利影响最严重的企业,最为严重的应该是那些信赖资本市场泡沫的行业。比如说,美国的房产市场不景气,中国的钢铁产业就很受伤,据称,目前我国钢铁产业闲置的产能已超过一亿吨。这还只是一些静态的情况。实际上,动态来看,金融危机对于我们的影响要大得多。一些产业部门的衰退就会减少该部门的就业,进而影响到投资与消费。这种相互的影响,很有可能把整个社会经济拖入下降的轨道,带来全面性的衰退。正因为如此,我们才斥巨资扩大内需,可谓是对症之药。 但是,金融危机对于我国影响决非如上面所说的那样简单。 首先是我国外汇资产的安全。我国目前拥有2万亿美元的外汇储备,总量位居世界第一。这2万亿美元的外汇储备中,有7000多亿美元表现为美国的国债。在危机因素的作用之下,美国国债的收益率节节下降,目前已趋近于零。还有一些以公司债形式存在的外汇资产,由于受金融危机的影响,收益也呈现出不稳定的状态,甚至出现了风险。而其它一些投资,如中投公司的投资,也已出现巨额浮亏。这与操作策略没有任何关系,因为“覆巢之下无完卵”。问题在于如下两个方面:其一,我们为什么会有如此之多的外汇储备?这是一个复杂的问题,与世界性的经济结构失衡有着重要的关系。其二,因为我们对欧美发达国家巨额投资,危机已经把我们与这些危机深重的国家强制性地“捆绑”在了一起。美国为了应对金融危机带来的流动性紧缩的影响,不断向市场注入巨资,不断降低利率。美国早已是一个负债累累的国家,只能向国外举债;而为了维持市场的流动性,又不得不把利率降低到极限。这一切,都会直接导致美元的大幅度贬值。就中国来说,美元贬值直接意味着我国境外资产的损失,美国如果陷入更深的危机之中,中国同样也会遭受巨大的损失。这就使中国陷入了两难的境地。也正因为如此,近来中国才斥巨资购入美国国债,这固然是因为我们的外汇盈余可以选择的投资渠道有限,更是因为中国是一个负责任的大国,有与世界一道共同应对金融危机的决心。同样是因为这样的原因,国务院副总理王歧山才会在中美战略对话会上向美方郑重提出我们的关切,要求美国保障我国在美资产的安全。 其次,是使得我国经济结构调整的形势更加严峻。我国的经济结构确实存在着不合理之处,也早已采取措施对经济结构进行调整,比如说限制“两高一资”企业的投资和出口,适度降低劳动密集型企业商品出口退税率等。然而,经济结构调整是一件相当困难的事情,涉及到新技术、新市场的开发,更涉及到就业市场的稳定。突如其来的金融危机打乱了我们既定的经济结构调整的步骤,一些原本兴旺上升的行业形势大变,企业不断破产,失业人数尤其是农民工暴增,迫使我们不得不逆转政策导向,保就业、保增长,推迟经济结构调整的步伐。 然而,在看到这些不利影响的同时,我们更要看到有利的一面。就世界范围的情况来看,各国正采取积极的行动来应对这场危机。时间已经到了21世纪而不是停留在了上一世纪20年代末期,虽然有人认为这次危机深重的程度要大于那场危机,但没有人相信这场危机会造成同样的后果。这场危机是改革不合理的国际金融秩序最好的时机,我们完全可以利用这次机遇,在国际金融市场上获得与我们的实力相称的话语权。就我国自身的情况来说,这也是一个加快经济结构调整的机遇。从我们所观察到情况来看,那些受到危机冲击最为巨大的产业,正是我们所急需调整的产业。问题的关键在于我们如何制定正确的政策,把握好调整的度,从而使得这样的调整能够运行在我们所能够接受的范围之内。同时,目前也是对国民收入格局进行调整的一个好时机。危机导致企业困难增加,导致失业人口增加和就业困难,这需要我们同时为企业和就业创造市场,更需要我们增加对困难群体的财政资助。这样的资助目前可以看作是应对危机之举,但是,长期来看,这样的资助不仅应该坚持下去,更应该不断扩大总量,使之常态化,这样才能起到扩大内需、改变经济增长模式的作用。 从更为广阔的角度来看,现在人类所谓的发展,是建立在对大自然的无度索取的基础上的,谁能够索取得多,谁索取的方式更加巧妙,谁就会取得所谓的“发展”。这样的发展方式显然是不可持续的。因此,即便是我们能够从这场危机中复苏,还有一个更大的问题摆在我们面前:这种依赖于向大自然无度索取才能够增长的生存模式,还能够持续多久?乐观者认为,在自然资源行将耗尽之前,我们是能够想出别的法子来的。谁知道呢?我们知道,大自然也知道吗?然而,即便是如此,笔者仍然坚信那句名言:“冬天到了,春天还会远吗?”对世界是如此,对中国更是如此。
当前的金融危机是由美国住宅市场泡沫促成的。从某些方面来说,这一金融危机与第二次世界大战结束后每隔4年至10年爆发的其它危机有相似之处。 然而,在金融危机之间,存在着本质的不同。当前的危机标志信贷扩张时代的终结,这个时代是建立在作为全球储备货币的美元基础上的。其它周期性危机则是规模较大的繁荣-萧条过程中的组成部分。当前的金融危机则是一轮超级繁荣周期的顶峰,此轮周期已持续了60多年。 繁荣-萧条周期通常围绕着信贷状况循环出现,同时始终会涉及到一种偏见或误解。这通常是未能认识到贷款意愿和抵押品价值之间存在一种反身(reflexive)、循环的关系。如果容易获得信贷,就带来了需求,而这种需求推高了房地产价值;反过来,这种情况又增加了可获得信贷的数量。当人们购买房产,并期待能够从抵押贷款再融资中获利,泡沫便由此产生。近年来,美国住宅市场繁荣就是一个佐证。而持续60年的超级繁荣,则是一个更为复杂的例子。 每当信贷扩张遇到麻烦时,金融当局都采取了干预措施,(向市场)注入流动性,并寻找其它途径,刺激经济增长。这就造就了一个非对称激励体系,也被称之为道德风险,它推动了信贷越来越强劲的扩张。这一体系是如此成功,以至于人们开始相信前美国总统罗纳德�6�1里根(Ronald Reagan)所说的“市场的魔术”——而我则称之为“市场原教旨主义”(market fundamentalism)。原教旨主义者认为,市场会趋于平衡,而允许市场参与者追寻自身利益,将最有利于共同的利益。这显然是一种误解,因为使金融市场免于崩盘的并非市场本身,而是当局的干预。不过,市场原教旨主义上世纪80年代开始成为占据主宰地位的思维方式,当时金融市场刚开始全球化,美国则开始出现经常账户赤字。 全球化使美国可以吸取全球其它地区的储蓄,并消费高出自身产出的物品。2006年,美国经常账户赤字达到了其国内生产总值(GDP)的2%。通过推出越来越复杂的产品和更为慷慨的条件,金融市场鼓励消费者借贷。每当全球金融系统面临危险之际,金融当局就出手干预,起到了推波助澜的作用。1980年以来,监管不断放宽,甚至到了名存实亡的地步。次贷危机导致发达国家金融机构必须重新估计风险、分配资产,未来两年,发达国家资金将纷纷逆转回涌,加强当地金融机构的稳定度。由此将导致新兴市场国家的证券市场价格大幅缩水、本币贬值、投资规模下降、经济增长放缓甚至衰退,其中最为脆弱的是波罗的海三国和印度。新的金融危机将为中国经济增长带来压力,但中国资金也面临“走出去”抄底整合并购相应企业的好时机
金融热点论文3000字开头怎么写的
Financial crisis in the insurance intermediary John cenaIn the short term insurance intermediaries to survive more pressure from the insurance industry itself, financial intermediaries on the crisis in the industry have a direct impact is These include a limited impact, originally planned in the near future listing of intermediaries may be extended indefinitely; global capital markets in the doldrums, so that the listing and other financing are more difficult to obtain venture capital and additional investment cost will be □ Wang Jin By the time the US loan crisis triggered by the financial tsunami from the United States has spread to the global financial crisis the industry has penetrated into the real economy and lead to a global economic Many well-known economists believe that the crisis in the breadth, scope, and the degree of hazard than the 1920s crisis of the century In the face of this crisis, governments around the world have made a very timely response and have implemented a series of measures and policies to The positive impact of financial crisis The global insurance industry The crisis on the global insurance industry has an enormous negative The world's largest insurance group American International Group (AIG) suffered a crisis of bankruptcy, and the US government to enable it to rescue a huge According to estimates, there are a number of insurance companies to invest in huge losses of mortar nests, within two years if the global capital market is not big improvement, the insurance companies will be very difficult to support the insurance From the breadth and depth of the crisis point of view, the global economy and capital markets recovery may take Pessimistic, over the next two years, on a global scale, or there will be more difficult and even insurance companies into Insurance intermediary is not optimistic about the Marsh (Marsh), Aon Corporation (Aon), Willis (Willis), and other institutions in the same period a profit decline, the stock In the economic globalization, China's insurance industry could not escape the global financial crisis, the direct China Ping An Group's overseas investment is almost tragically, the loss of their need to be able to make up for the operation of a number of The insurance industry is also part of the domestic investment significantly from last year's surplus into a floating F Insurance misfortunes never come singly, part of the investment loss, or part of the underwriting loss or gave birth to the potential In 2008, the Insurance industry's underwriting losses almost certain, and life insurance company through various channels for a large number of sales even dangerous, such as universal insurance to investment-oriented insurance are no huge If in the next few years can not have a certain amount of investment income, perhaps to a certain point in the future to cover the outbreak of the crisis may lead to further life insurance company bankrupt a domino Professional insurance intermediary In the short term survival pressures Leaving the marketing and insurance agents and industry, professional insurance intermediary companies from the three main categories: insurance agents, insurance brokers and insurance As we all know, in the insurance industry, professional intermediaries are very small and Over the years, through insurance agents and insurance brokers for the realization of the total premium size of the premium has not been able to break 3% of the public insurance assessment companies in coastal areas to play a role in the development of the Midwest and Northeast are very From the figures, the professional insurance intermediary for the insurance industry contribution to the small, almost Professional insurance intermediary for the insurance industry with its limited contribution to the commitment of the insurance and related Insurance is basically all-round organ, the actuarial, product development, product sales, a single, nuclear security, scheduled for loss, claims, investment and so on all the functions of its direct sales business difficult to achieve, agents and brokers to help their bodies to complete, the agent Brokers and agencies of its direct sales only added Public service is also estimated insurance claims of the department In many cases, customers need a strong, or insurance claims department is difficult to operate, the public insurance assessment will be It is clear that if the insurance company to maintain its "large" the functions of the professional insurance intermediary to the development of the space is very In the short term, insurers will continue its "large" Strengthen the direct sales business is still in, for example, the Insurance companies are still greater efforts to promote direct telephone business, life insurance companies also continue to expand its marketing In the direct extrusion business, led by auto insurance agent to increase the pressure to survive, led by life insurance agents must be more life insurance salesmen in direct competition, the industry is still in the loss of state agents Companies, operating in the short term will be even more Insurance agents and brokers industry a little different, top 50 brokers in approximately 80% of all shareholders to support a strong background or context of foreign investment, these companies completely dominated the brokerage Shareholders do not support the context of foreign investment and brokerage firm, do not have to face old colleagues, but also insurance companies and direct face-to-face competition advantage does not exist, to survive together, to mention In addition, the financial crisis in the insurance industry under the adverse investment policies to cover benefits the poor, in regard to insurance payment is likely too severe, which often affect the agency's service quality, easily lead to the loss of policy holders on the agency's confidence and At the same time, insurance companies and their harsh on the commission paid by the inertia of the agency may have a negative Parts of the insurance companies may even join forces, compression and the public commission estimated the cost ratio, which not only damage the interests of the intermediary industry, but also hindered the intermediary service innovation is not conducive to policy holders for the agency to provide better, more comprehensive insurance S As a result, within a short period of survival intermediaries more pressure from the insurance industry itself, financial intermediaries on the crisis in the industry have a direct impact is These limited the impact of the original plan in the near future, including the listing of intermediaries may be extended indefinitely; global capital markets in the doldrums, so that the listing and other financing are more difficult to obtain venture capital and additional investment cost will be Bigger and stronger insurance industry Can not do without intermediaries All walks of life can not be separated from the development of intermediary The emergence of various types of intermediaries and prosperity of the market to lower transaction costs and improve market efficiency, greatly promoted the development of all walks of life and global The insurance industry in developed countries, insurance companies will not only become bigger, stronger, the agency also very strong, very well- The development of intermediary institutions need specialization in accordance with the insurance company's request to reduce operating costs and improve operational efficiency as the goal, some of the functions of a "Large" is based on cost-efficiency and low cost, to break the "large" system, insurance companies will be able to radically reduce operating costs, out of the underwriting loss for the difficulties emerging from the shadow of financial crisis and enhance core competitiveness, Will be able to show in the international arena Although the domestic professional intermediaries is also very weak, but is fully capable to assume certain functions of the insurance Shenzhen's insurance sector to pioneer the first transfer of vehicle accidents Gusun functions to the people too, led by an assessment of the public sector to grow rapidly in the near Practice has proved that the domestic and foreign insurance companies to shift some of its non-core functions of the first to benefit from the insurance companies, policyholders can get better service, an intermediary to get the healthy development of the industry; intermediary and the healthy development of the industry, in turn, further reduce the insurance companies The cost of outsourcing services for the insured to provide a better And other industries, the insurance industry specialization is the trend of the times, but also insurance companies to lower operating costs, increase efficiency in the one and only If the insurance companies to gradually transfer the sales, a single, Gu Sun, claims, risk management, customers and even some of the functions such as actuarial, to maintain its core competence, more professional intermediaries, such as generation, a single company, estimated the public, Set loss, detection, security management, actuarial, and other companies will soon emerge and development of the insurance industry, the principal will have a stronger competitive edge, industry-wide decline in operating costs, improve service levels, the whole society on the insurance industry Greater confidence and Prudential case, the insurance industry not only bigger, stronger, but also will become the envy of everyone's career
作为一个世界上庞大的经济体,作为一种外向型的经济体,中国不可能在这场世界性的金融危机中独善其身。但更为重要的是,我们必须冷静地看待这种影响,只有这样,我们的信心才会有根源,我们才能够化“危”为“机”,从容应对这场危机对我们的不利影响,同时不错过进一步发展的机遇。 在可见的层面,那些严重依赖国外市场的产业和企业肯定会受到非常不利的影响。这里面包括玩具等基本上依靠国外市场生存的企业,也包括纺织业等相当程度上依赖外国市场的企业。但是,这样的行业还不是受到不利影响最严重的企业,最为严重的应该是那些信赖资本市场泡沫的行业。比如说,美国的房产市场不景气,中国的钢铁产业就很受伤,据称,目前我国钢铁产业闲置的产能已超过一亿吨。这还只是一些静态的情况。实际上,动态来看,金融危机对于我们的影响要大得多。一些产业部门的衰退就会减少该部门的就业,进而影响到投资与消费。这种相互的影响,很有可能把整个社会经济拖入下降的轨道,带来全面性的衰退。正因为如此,我们才斥巨资扩大内需,可谓是对症之药。 但是,金融危机对于我国影响决非如上面所说的那样简单。 首先是我国外汇资产的安全。我国目前拥有2万亿美元的外汇储备,总量位居世界第一。这2万亿美元的外汇储备中,有7000多亿美元表现为美国的国债。在危机因素的作用之下,美国国债的收益率节节下降,目前已趋近于零。还有一些以公司债形式存在的外汇资产,由于受金融危机的影响,收益也呈现出不稳定的状态,甚至出现了风险。而其它一些投资,如中投公司的投资,也已出现巨额浮亏。这与操作策略没有任何关系,因为“覆巢之下无完卵”。问题在于如下两个方面:其一,我们为什么会有如此之多的外汇储备?这是一个复杂的问题,与世界性的经济结构失衡有着重要的关系。其二,因为我们对欧美发达国家巨额投资,危机已经把我们与这些危机深重的国家强制性地“捆绑”在了一起。美国为了应对金融危机带来的流动性紧缩的影响,不断向市场注入巨资,不断降低利率。美国早已是一个负债累累的国家,只能向国外举债;而为了维持市场的流动性,又不得不把利率降低到极限。这一切,都会直接导致美元的大幅度贬值。就中国来说,美元贬值直接意味着我国境外资产的损失,美国如果陷入更深的危机之中,中国同样也会遭受巨大的损失。这就使中国陷入了两难的境地。也正因为如此,近来中国才斥巨资购入美国国债,这固然是因为我们的外汇盈余可以选择的投资渠道有限,更是因为中国是一个负责任的大国,有与世界一道共同应对金融危机的决心。同样是因为这样的原因,国务院副总理王歧山才会在中美战略对话会上向美方郑重提出我们的关切,要求美国保障我国在美资产的安全。 其次,是使得我国经济结构调整的形势更加严峻。我国的经济结构确实存在着不合理之处,也早已采取措施对经济结构进行调整,比如说限制“两高一资”企业的投资和出口,适度降低劳动密集型企业商品出口退税率等。然而,经济结构调整是一件相当困难的事情,涉及到新技术、新市场的开发,更涉及到就业市场的稳定。突如其来的金融危机打乱了我们既定的经济结构调整的步骤,一些原本兴旺上升的行业形势大变,企业不断破产,失业人数尤其是农民工暴增,迫使我们不得不逆转政策导向,保就业、保增长,推迟经济结构调整的步伐。 然而,在看到这些不利影响的同时,我们更要看到有利的一面。就世界范围的情况来看,各国正采取积极的行动来应对这场危机。时间已经到了21世纪而不是停留在了上一世纪20年代末期,虽然有人认为这次危机深重的程度要大于那场危机,但没有人相信这场危机会造成同样的后果。这场危机是改革不合理的国际金融秩序最好的时机,我们完全可以利用这次机遇,在国际金融市场上获得与我们的实力相称的话语权。就我国自身的情况来说,这也是一个加快经济结构调整的机遇。从我们所观察到情况来看,那些受到危机冲击最为巨大的产业,正是我们所急需调整的产业。问题的关键在于我们如何制定正确的政策,把握好调整的度,从而使得这样的调整能够运行在我们所能够接受的范围之内。同时,目前也是对国民收入格局进行调整的一个好时机。危机导致企业困难增加,导致失业人口增加和就业困难,这需要我们同时为企业和就业创造市场,更需要我们增加对困难群体的财政资助。这样的资助目前可以看作是应对危机之举,但是,长期来看,这样的资助不仅应该坚持下去,更应该不断扩大总量,使之常态化,这样才能起到扩大内需、改变经济增长模式的作用。 从更为广阔的角度来看,现在人类所谓的发展,是建立在对大自然的无度索取的基础上的,谁能够索取得多,谁索取的方式更加巧妙,谁就会取得所谓的“发展”。这样的发展方式显然是不可持续的。因此,即便是我们能够从这场危机中复苏,还有一个更大的问题摆在我们面前:这种依赖于向大自然无度索取才能够增长的生存模式,还能够持续多久?乐观者认为,在自然资源行将耗尽之前,我们是能够想出别的法子来的。谁知道呢?我们知道,大自然也知道吗?然而,即便是如此,笔者仍然坚信那句名言:“冬天到了,春天还会远吗?”对世界是如此,对中国更是如此。
1、论文题目:要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。2、目录:目录是论文中主要段落的简表。(短篇论文不必列目录)3、提要:是文章主要内容的摘录,要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字,多不超过三百字为宜。4、关键词或主题词:关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的,是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语,便于信息系统汇集,以供读者检索。每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词,另起一行,排在“提要”的左下方。 主题词是经过规范化的词,在确定主题词时,要对论文进行主题,依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。5、论文正文:(1)引言:引言又称前言、序言和导言,用在论文的开头。引言一般要概括地写出作者意图,说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。 〈2)论文正文:正文是论文的主体,正文应包括论点、论据、论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容:提出-论点;分析问题-论据和论证;解决问题-论证与步骤;结论。 论文提纲也可以用最简单的格式和分类,简单明了地说明论文的目的、依据和意义,甚至是两句话。这种提纲往往是用于科学论文,而且在对于各种概念有相互联系而不是孤立的出来讨论的情况下。如果总要分出1、2、点来写的话,往往会变成“八股文”的模式,这样的论文往往是应付式的论文,其真正的科学价值会大打折扣。
金融危机与农民工的出路金融危机对普通民众来说,最担心的恐怕就是失业。如果哪天饭碗突然不保,假如恰巧还是一家之主,不仅自身的生活水准大受影响,整个家庭都将因此而陷入困顿之中。而在当前的中国大陆,最可能于危机中失业的,是那些背井离乡,到繁华都市里辛苦求生的农民工。一则是因为他们人数庞大,可替代性强;二则是因为他们所拥有的技术和资源有限,从而抵御危机的能力也有限。正是由于存在这种对失业的恐惧感,那些返乡的农民工,这个年也过得不踏实。据报道,为了能保住工作岗位或者找到新的工作,从年初二开始,就陆续开始有农民工赶往广东等地。到了大年初四,大批扛包拎箱的农民工,便已经浩浩荡荡地出现在广州火车站的广场上了。各种信息表明,2009年就业形势比以往要严峻得多。2008年第四季度,中经济增幅滑落到7%以下,为近7年之新低。2008年全国有超过60万家中小企业倒闭,仅广东省1到10月就有15661家中小企业倒闭。大量企业倒闭或停工,令2000万人失业,占到3亿外出农民工的3%,造成一股农民工返乡潮。据统计,在我国农民的收入结构中,45%为外出务工的非农收入,农民新增收入中,又有70%来自非农务工增收。可以说,农民工严峻的就业形势不仅给农民增收带来很大困难,而且导致农民平均收入下降。再者,不断增长的返乡农民工人数因为耕地的有限性也可能引发冲突。一些劳动力输出大省的地方劳动局表示,大批劳动力返乡,既没有文化又缺少技能,可能使社会不稳定因素突然增加。但如果以为在金融危机中受到伤害的只有农民工及其输出地,则大错特错。事实上,既然同在一个社会生态系统中,在同一条生存链上,当遭受这场历史罕见的危机冲击时,就不会有人能成为“幸运者”。因此,面对这场危机,我们必须同舟共济,共克时艰。在这场危机中,全社会要特别善待农民工。改革30年来,中国大陆之所以能够创造经济增长的奇迹,很大程度上要归功于这些在城市卑微生存的群体,是他们承担了社会改革、社会转型和经济发展的大量成本,就外向型经济突出的沿海地区来说,这点尤其明显。在中国,怎样善待农民工是一个非常重要的政治、经济和社会问题。他们不仅需要就业,需要收入来养家糊口,也需要得到城市的其他群体的尊重,需要平等。越是在经济不景气的时候,我们越要善待他们,善待他们其实也就是在善待我们自己,没有他们超额的付出,我们今天就得更多付出。